Orleans Parish, Louisiana

Orleans Parish
Parish
Parish of Orleans
Paroisse d'Orléans (French)
Parroquia de Orleans (Spanish)
Duncan Plaza and City Hall, New Orleans (2014) The city of New Orleans and the parish of Orleans are largely governed as a single consolidated city.
Duncan Plaza and City Hall, New Orleans (2014)
The city of New Orleans and the parish of Orleans are largely governed as a single consolidated city.
Map of Louisiana highlighting Orleans ParishOrleans Parish
Location within the U.S. state of Louisiana
Coordinates: 29°58′N 90°03′W / 29.97°N 90.05°W / 29.97; -90.05
Country United States
State Louisiana
FoundedApril 14, 1807
Named afterPhilippe II, Duke of Orléans (1674–1723)
SeatNew Orleans
Largest cityNew Orleans
Area
 • Total
349.85 sq mi (906.1 km2)
 • Land169.42 sq mi (438.8 km2)
 • Water180.43 sq mi (467.3 km2)
Population
 (2020)
 • Total
383,997
 • Density2,266.5/sq mi (875.12/km2)
Time zoneUTC−6 (Central)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−5 (CDT)
Congressional districts1st, 2nd

Orleans Parish (French: Paroisse d'Orléans; Spanish: Parroquia de Orleans) is a parish of the U.S. state of Louisiana. Since 1870, the parish has been coterminous with the city of New Orleans, and the parish and city are largely governed as a single consolidated city.

History

Main article: History of New Orleans

On April 10, 1805, the Territory of Orleans was divided into 12 counties, including Orleans County. On April 14, 1807, the territory was also divided into 19 civil parishes while keeping the previous system of counties intact. Based on the boundaries and names of earlier ecclesiastical parishes, Orleans County was divided into Orleans, St. Bernard, and Plaquemines parishes, with New Orleans inside the Orleans Parish limits. The county remained responsible for elections and taxation, while the parishes took over responsibility for civil, criminal, probate, and other judicial matters. The system of counties was never explicitly abolished, but the Louisiana Constitution of 1845 dropped any reference to counties and gave their powers to the parishes.[1]

At its establishment, the Orleans Parish government was led by a police jury, which had only limited authority within the city of New Orleans. In 1822, when the police jury began to be elected popularly, the New Orleans City Council was granted a veto over fiscal matters. In 1840, the parish was divided in two along the Mississippi River. A second police jury was established and given authority over Algiers. It was formally named the Police Jury of the Parish of Orleans on the right bank of the River Mississippi. By 1846, the original police jury had become inactive and was abolished, resulting in the consolidation of the left bank with New Orleans.[2][3] In 1870, the remainder of Orleans Parish was consolidated when the city became coextensive with the parish.[4]

The completion of Chef Menteur Highway in the 1850s connected far-flung communities such as Irish Bayou.[5]

Geography

Orleans Parish is coextensive with New Orleans. Both are bounded by St. Tammany Parish and Lake Pontchartrain to the north, St. Bernard Parish and Lake Borgne to the east, Plaquemines Parish to the south, and Jefferson Parish to the south and west. The parish is part of the New Orleans–Metairie metropolitan statistical area.

Orleans Parish originally extended as far west as present-day Kenner and as far south as Grand Isle. In 1824, uncertainty over the relative locations of Grand Isle and Cheniere Caminada resulted in a territorial dispute between Orleans Parish and Lafourche Interior Parish (now Lafourche). The dispute was resolved in 1825 with the creation of Jefferson Parish, which included these areas.[1]

In 1852, New Orleans annexed the city of LaFayette (now Faubourg Lafayette) while keeping the parish boundaries unchanged, causing the city to extend into Jefferson Parish.[1] However, subsequent annexations of Jefferson in 1870 and Carrollton in 1874 included the redrawing of both city and parish boundaries.[1][6] Since 1870, Orleans Parish has been coextensive with New Orleans. In 1979, parish boundaries through Lake Pontchartrain were defined, resulting in a gain of territory for the parish.[1]

Demographics

Historical population
YearPop.±%
181024,552—    
182041,351+68.4%
183049,826+20.5%
1840102,193+105.1%
1850119,460+16.9%
1860174,491+46.1%
1870191,418+9.7%
Population given for Orleans Parish, including the city of New Orleans, before New Orleans absorbed suburbs and rural areas of Orleans Parish in 1874, since which time the city and parish have been coextensive. For more recent population figures, see New Orleans § Demographics.
Source: U.S. Decennial Census[7]

2020 census

As of the 2020 census, the parish had a population of 383,997, a median age of 36.2 years, 20.3% of residents under the age of 18, and 14.7% of residents 65 years of age or older; for every 100 females there were 89.3 males, and for every 100 females age 18 and over there were 86.2 males age 18 and over.[8]

The racial makeup of the parish was 32.9% White, 54.2% Black or African American, 0.3% American Indian and Alaska Native, 2.8% Asian, <0.1% Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander, 3.2% from some other race, and 6.4% from two or more races; Hispanic or Latino residents of any race comprised 8.1% of the population.[9]

99.6% of residents lived in urban areas, while 0.4% lived in rural areas.[10]

There were 165,125 households in the parish, of which 25.5% had children under the age of 18 living in them. Of all households, 26.4% were married-couple households, 24.9% were households with a male householder and no spouse or partner present, and 40.7% were households with a female householder and no spouse or partner present. About 38.3% of all households were made up of individuals and 11.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.[8]

There were 193,840 housing units, of which 14.8% were vacant. Among occupied housing units, 45.5% were owner-occupied and 54.5% were renter-occupied. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.4% and the rental vacancy rate was 9.5%.[8]

Racial and ethnic composition

Orleans Parish, Louisiana – Racial and ethnic composition
Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.
Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) Pop 1980[11] Pop 1990[12] Pop 2000[13] Pop 2010[14] Pop 2020[15] % 1980 % 1990 % 2000 % 2010 % 2020
White alone (NH) 224,694 164,526 128,871 104,770 121,385 40.30% 33.11% 26.59% 30.47% 31.61%
Black or African American alone (NH) 304,673 305,047 323,392 204,866 205,876 54.65% 61.39% 66.72% 59.58% 53.61%
Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) 524 660 852 827 761 0.09% 0.13% 0.18% 0.24% 0.20%
Asian alone (NH) 7,332 8,955 10,919 9,883 10,573 1.32% 1.80% 2.25% 2.87% 2.75%
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander alone (NH) x [16] x [17] 88 105 125 x x 0.02% 0.03% 0.03%
Other race alone (NH) 1,066 512 961 967 2,075 0.19% 0.10% 0.20% 0.28% 0.54%
Mixed race or Multiracial (NH) x [18] x [19] 4,765 4,360 12,185 x x 0.98% 1.27% 3.17%
Hispanic or Latino (any race) 19,226 17,238 14,826 18,051 31,017 3.45% 3.47% 3.06% 5.25% 8.08%
Total 557,515 496,938 484,674 343,829 383,997 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

Population estimates

As of 2017, Orleans Parish is the third most populous parish in Louisiana, behind East Baton Rouge Parish and neighboring Jefferson Parish.[20]

Government

Since consolidation, Orleans Parish has retained a nominal, sui generis status under Louisiana state law that guarantees the city's home rule. It has been effectively abolished as a distinct governmental unit, and the United States Census Bureau considers New Orleans and Orleans Parish to be a single consolidated city. However, various parish offices remain with a degree of independence from the city government, while in other matters, the city represents the parish. Examples of parish entities include the Orleans Parish School Board, the Orleans Parish Sheriff's Office, and formerly the Orleans Levee Board.[21]

United States presidential election results for Orleans Parish, Louisiana[22]
Year Republican Democratic Third party(ies)
No.  % No.  % No.  %
1912 904 2.74% 26,433 80.03% 5,692 17.23%
1916 2,531 7.45% 30,936 91.03% 516 1.52%
1920 17,819 35.26% 32,724 64.74% 0 0.00%
1924 7,865 16.46% 37,785 79.06% 2,141 4.48%
1928 14,424 20.51% 55,919 79.49% 0 0.00%
1932 5,407 5.95% 85,288 93.87% 165 0.18%
1936 10,254 8.67% 108,012 91.32% 16 0.01%
1940 16,406 14.35% 97,930 85.63% 28 0.02%
1944 20,190 18.25% 90,411 81.74% 7 0.01%
1948 29,442 23.78% 41,900 33.85% 52,443 42.37%
1952 85,572 48.74% 89,999 51.26% 0 0.00%
1956 93,082 56.54% 64,958 39.46% 6,594 4.01%
1960 47,111 26.80% 87,242 49.64% 41,414 23.56%
1964 81,049 49.69% 82,045 50.31% 0 0.00%
1968 47,728 26.71% 72,451 40.55% 58,489 32.74%
1972 88,075 54.55% 60,790 37.65% 12,581 7.79%
1976 70,925 42.14% 93,130 55.33% 4,249 2.52%
1980 74,302 39.54% 106,858 56.87% 6,744 3.59%
1984 86,316 41.71% 119,478 57.73% 1,162 0.56%
1988 64,763 35.24% 116,851 63.58% 2,186 1.19%
1992 52,019 26.36% 133,261 67.53% 12,069 6.12%
1996 39,576 20.84% 144,720 76.20% 5,615 2.96%
2000 39,404 21.74% 137,630 75.95% 4,187 2.31%
2004 42,847 21.74% 152,610 77.43% 1,646 0.84%
2008 28,130 19.08% 117,102 79.42% 2,207 1.50%
2012 28,003 17.74% 126,722 80.30% 3,088 1.96%
2016 24,292 14.65% 133,996 80.81% 7,524 4.54%
2020 26,664 15.00% 147,854 83.15% 3,301 1.86%
2024 24,119 15.16% 130,749 82.16% 4,262 2.68%

Orleans Parish and the city of New Orleans operate as a merged city-parish government.[23] The original city was composed of what are now the 1st to 9th wards. In 1852, the city of Lafayette, including the Garden District, was added as the 10th and 11th wards. In 1870, Jefferson City, including Faubourg Bouligny and much of the Audubon and University areas, was annexed as the 12th, 13th, and 14th wards. Algiers, on the west bank of the Mississippi, was also annexed in 1870, becoming the 15th ward.

The Orleans Parish Civil Sheriff's Office serves papers involving lawsuits, provides court security, and operates the city's correctional facilities, including Orleans Parish Prison. The sheriff's office shares legal jurisdiction with the New Orleans Police Department and provides it with backup on an as-needed basis. Before 2010, New Orleans (and all other parishes in Louisiana) had separate criminal and civil sheriff's offices, corresponding to the separate criminal and civil courts: these were merged in 2010.[24] As of 2024 the sheriff is Susan Hutson, who defeated 17-year incumbent Marlin Gusman in the 2021 New Orleans City Election.[25][26]

Communities

Main article: Neighborhoods in New Orleans
Map of Orleans Parish, with municipal labels

Prior to the consolidation of Orleans Parish and New Orleans, the parish had several distinct communities and municipalities, including:[1]

Some additional communities were at one point part of Orleans Parish but were later included in other parishes, such as:[1]

  • Grand Isle (to Lafourche Interior Parish in 1824, but disputed; to Jefferson Parish in 1825)
  • Cheniere Caminada (to Lafourche Interior Parish in 1824, but disputed; to Jefferson Parish in 1825)


References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain. "Louisiana: Individual County Chronologies". Atlas of Historical County Boundaries. Chicago: Newberry Library. 2009. Archived from the original on December 14, 2024.
  2. ^ Richardson 1961, pp. 7–10.
  3. ^ "Records of the Orleans Parish Police Juries". New Orleans City Archives & Special Collections. New Orleans Public Library. February 17, 2023. Retrieved December 6, 2024.
  4. ^ Richardson 1961, pp. 10–11.
  5. ^ "Pines Village Neighborhood Snapshot". Greater New Orleans Community Data Center. New Orleans: Greater New Orleans Nonprofit Knowledge Works. Retrieved June 20, 2017.
  6. ^ An act to extend the limits of the Parish of Orleans, and to change the boundaries of the Parishes of Orleans and Jefferson, and to consolidate the cities of New Orleans and Jefferson, and to provide for the government of the city of New Orleans and the administration of the affairs thereof… (7). Louisiana State Legislature. March 16, 1870. pp. 30–49. Retrieved December 6, 2024 – via HathiTrust.
  7. ^ Forstall, Richard L. (ed.). Population of the States and Counties of the United States: 1790–1990 (PDF) (Report). United States Census Bureau. pp. 71–73. Retrieved May 18, 2020.
  8. ^ a b c "2020 Decennial Census Demographic Profile (DP1)". United States Census Bureau. 2021. Retrieved January 3, 2026.
  9. ^ "2020 Decennial Census Redistricting Data (Public Law 94-171)". United States Census Bureau. 2021. Retrieved January 3, 2026.
  10. ^ "2020 Decennial Census Demographic and Housing Characteristics (DHC)". United States Census Bureau. 2023. Retrieved January 3, 2026.
  11. ^ "1980 Census of Population - General Population Characteristics - Louisiana - Table 14 - Persons by Race and Table 15 - Total Persons and Spanish Origin Persons by Type of Spanish Origin and Race (p. 20/12-20/20)" (PDF). United States Census Bureau.
  12. ^ "1990 Census of Population - General Population Characteristics - Louisiana - Table 6 - Race and Hispanic Origin" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. pp. 15–38.
  13. ^ "P004: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2000: DEC Summary File 1 – Orleans Parish, Louisiana". United States Census Bureau.
  14. ^ "P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Orleans Parish, Louisiana". United States Census Bureau.
  15. ^ "P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Orleans Parish, Louisiana". United States Census Bureau.
  16. ^ included in the Asian category in the 1980 Census
  17. ^ included in the Asian category in the 1990 Census
  18. ^ not an option in the 1980 Census
  19. ^ not an option in the 1990 Census
  20. ^ "Quick Facts – Louisiana Population Estimates". US Department of Commerce. Archived from the original on January 10, 2024. Retrieved January 6, 2017.
  21. ^ Richardson 1961, pp. 12–13, 55.
  22. ^ "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Archived from the original on February 22, 2011. Retrieved January 1, 2021.
  23. ^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on May 31, 2011. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
  24. ^ "Louisiana Law Search". Legis.la.gov. Archived from the original on October 19, 2022. Retrieved May 5, 2021.
  25. ^ "City elections in New Orleans, Louisiana (2021)". Archived from the original on October 19, 2022. Retrieved October 19, 2022.
  26. ^ "Welcome to Orleans Parish Sheriff's Office | Sheriff Susan Hutson". www.opso.us. Archived from the original on October 1, 2022. Retrieved October 19, 2022.
  27. ^ Calhoun, Kelly; Rolf, James (September 30, 2019). McDonoghville Historic Structures Survey Report (Report). New Orleans, Louisiana: Calhoun + Rolf Preservation Works. p. 9.

Sources

allikas: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orleans_County,_Louisiana