Council of the judiciary
In the European continental judicial tradition, the national councils of the judiciary (of simply judicial councils) are institutions on judicial administration that ensure the self-management of the judiciary and the effective delivery of justice, which are autonomous or independent of the executive and legislature.
At the European Union level, they are gathered in the European Network of Councils for the Judiciary (ENCJ).[1]
Role in the separation of powers
There is ongoing debate about the constitutional position of judicial councils within systems of separated powers. While some scholars view them as instruments of judicial self-governance intended to protect courts from executive and legislative interference, others argue that councils may function as a distinct governing fourth branch institution with authority that is not fully contained within the traditional three-branch model of government.[2]
National judicial councils in EU member states
Belgium: Conseil Supérieur de la Justice / Hoge Raad voor de Justitie
Bulgaria: Висш Съдебен Съвет / Supreme Judicial Council
Croatia: Državno sudbeno vijeće
Denmark: Domstolsstyrelsen
Finland: Tuomioistuinvirasto / Domstolsverket / National Courts Administration
France: Conseil Superieur de la Magistrature
Greece: Ανώτατο Δικαστικό Συμβούλιο / Supreme Judicial Council of Civil and Criminal Justice- Greece: Ανώτατο Δικαστικό Συμβούλιο Διοικητικής Δικαιοσύνης / Supreme Judicial Council for Administrative Justice
Hungary: Országos Bírói Tanács / National Judicial Council
Italy: Consiglio Superiore della Magistratura- Italy: Consiglio di Presidenza della giustizia amministrativa
Latvia: Tieslietu padome
Lithuania: Teisėjų taryba
Malta: Commission for the Administration of Justice of Malta
Netherlands: Raad voor de rechtspraak
Poland: Krajowa Rada Sądownictwa
Portugal: Conselho Superior da Magistratura
Romania: Consiliul Superior al Magistraturii
Slovakia: Súdna rada Slovenskej republiky
Slovenia: Vrhovno sodišče Republike Slovenije
Spain: Consejo General del Poder Judicial
Other national councils of the judiciary
Albania: High Council of Prosecutors and High Judicial Council
Brazil: Conselho Nacional de Justiça
Bosnia and Herzegovina: Visoko sudsko i tužilačko vijeće BiH
Canada: Canadian Judicial Council
Colombia: Superior Council of Judicature
Kosovo: Kosovo Judicial Council
Monaco: High Council of Judges and Prosecutors[3]
Montenegro: Judicial and Prosecutorial Councils of Montenegro
Russia: Higher Judges' Qualifications Board, Council of Judges
Serbia: High Judicial Council, State Prosecutorial Council
Turkey: Council of Judges and Prosecutors
Ukraine: High Council of Justice
United Kingdom
England / 
Wales: Judges' Council of England and Wales- Northern Ireland: Judges' Council
Scotland: Judicial Council
United States: Judicial Conference of the United States, with support from the Administrative Office of the United States Courts and judicial councils in each federal judicial circuit
See also
Note
- ^ European Network of Councils for the Judiciary
- ^ Kosař, David; Šipulová, Katarína; Kadlec, Ondřej (2024). "The Case for Judicial Councils as Fourth-Branch Institutions". European Constitutional Law Review. 20 (1): 82–119. doi:10.1017/S1574019624000038. ISSN 1574-0196.
- ^ "The High Council of Judges and Prosecutors / Justice / Institutions / Government & Institutions / Portail du Gouvernement - Monaco". en.gouv.mc. Retrieved 2021-05-30.
