Qajar (tribe)

Qajar
Total population
Over 35,000[1] (1994)
Regions with significant populations
 Iran
Languages
Persian
Azerbaijani[2]
Religion
Twelver Shia Islam[3]
Related ethnic groups
Oghuz Turks

The Qajars (Persian: ایل قاجار, romanized: Il-e Ǧâjâr; Azerbaijani: قاجارلار, romanized: Qacarlar)[a] are a clan of the Bayat tribe of the Oghuz Turks who lived variously, with other tribes, in the area that is now Armenia, Azerbaijan and northwestern Iran.

By the end of the Safavid era, the Qajars had split into several factions.[4] These included the Ziyādoghlu (Ziādlu), associated with the area of Ganja and Yerevan, as well as the Qoyunlu (Qāvānlu), and Davālu (Devehlu) the latter two associated with the northern areas of contemporary Iran.[4] In 1796, Agha Mohammad Khan, a Qajar chief of the Qoyunlu branch, was crowned Shah of Iran, founding the Qajar dynasty, which ruled Iran until 1925.

Background

The Qajars were one of the original Turkoman Qizilbash tribes that emerged and spread in Asia Minor around 10th and 11th centuries.[5] They later supplied power to the Safavids since this dynasty's earliest days.[5] Numerous members of the Qajar tribe held prominent ranks in the Safavid state. In 1794, a Qajar chieftain, Agha Mohammad Khan, a member of the Qoyunlu branch of the Qajars, founded the Qajar dynasty which replaced the Zand dynasty in Iran. He launched his campaign from his power base south of the Caspian Sea, capturing its capital Isfahan in 1785.[6] A year later, Tehran accepted Agha Mohammad's authority.[6]

According to An Ethnohistorical Dictionary of the Russian and Soviet Empires by Olson et al., which was published in 1994 and specifically deals with the ethnography of the Russian Empire and Soviet Union, the Qajars were historically a Turkic tribe that lived in Armenia. They resettled in the region of Azerbaijan during the 17th and 18th centuries. Olson considers them to be a tribal subgroup of Iranian Azerbaijanis.[1] American anthropologist Richard Weeks also notes that the Azerbaijanis of Iran, depending on their place of residence, use the designation Qajar.[7]

Olson et al. add that in the 1980s the Qajar population exceeded 35,000 people, most of whom lived in Iran.[1]

In Turkey

According to Faruk Sümer, the Ağca Koyunlu tribe was one of the four branches forming the Qajars. In the Ottoman tribal registers, the Ağca Koyunlu tribe, shown as a nomadic (hayme-nişin) Turkmen Yörük tribe, is seen to have spread over a wide geography including Aleppo, Zile, Sivas, Adana, Gönen, Kula, Bursa, Kayseri, Maraş, Konya, Karaman, Mihaliç and Tarsus.[8]: 6  Located in the Eski Kaçerli (Old Kaçerli) neighborhood of Emirdağ, a mosque is named after the Qajars. In this regard, in a decree sent by Ottoman sultan Ahmed III to the Beylerbey of Rakka stated that the tribes from the Muslucalu community of Bozulus Turkmens, including the Qajars, were settled in today's Emirdağ.[8]: 530 

See also

Notes

  1. ^ also spelled Kadjars, Kajars, Kadzhars, Cadzhars, Cadjars, Ghajars, etc.

References

  1. ^ a b c Olson, James Stuart; Pappas, Lee Brigance; Pappas, Nicholas Charles (1994). An Ethnohistorical Dictionary of the Russian and Soviet Empires. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 333. ISBN 978-0-313-27497-8.
  2. ^ "Azerbaijani, South". Ethnologue. Retrieved 2 March 2023.
  3. ^ "КАДЖАРЫ". Большой энциклопедический словарь (in Russian). Retrieved 2 March 2023.
  4. ^ a b Atkin 1980, p. 9.
  5. ^ a b Fukasawa, Katsumi; Kaplan, Benjamin J.; Beaurepaire, Pierre-Yves (2017). Religious Interactions in Europe and the Mediterranean World: Coexistence and Dialogue from the 12th to the 20th Centuries. Oxon: Taylor & Francis. p. 280. ISBN 9781138743205.
  6. ^ a b Black, Jeremy (2012). War in the Eighteenth-Century World. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 141. ISBN 978-0-230-37002-9.
  7. ^ Richard V. Weekes. Muslim peoples: a world ethnographic survey. AZERI. — Greenwood Press, 1978 — p. 56 — ISBN 9780837198804
  8. ^ a b Ünal ŞENEL; Mustafa TEMİZSU; Besime YÜCEL, eds. (2022). EMİRDAĞ ARAŞTIRMALARI Tarih - Kültür - Ekonomi (PDF). Çanakkale: Paradigma Akademi Yayınları. ISBN 978-605-72829-5-8.

Sources

Further reading

allikas: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qajar_(tribe)