Ulmus 'Plantyn'

Ulmus 'Plantyn'
'Plantyn', Amsterdam.
GenusUlmus
Hybrid parentage('Exoniensis' × U. wallichiana) × (U. minor '1' × U. minor '28')
Cultivar'Plantyn'
OriginWageningen, The Netherlands

Ulmus 'Plantyn' (Anglicized form of 'Plantijn') was one of three Dutch hybrid elms released by the Dorschkamp Research Institute for Forestry & Landscape Planning, Wageningen, in 1973. Derived from a crossing of the Dutch hybrids '202' (U. 'Exoniensis' × U. wallichiana)[1][2] and '302' (U. minor '1' × U. minor '28'), it was to prove of great significance in later developments.[3][4] A selfed seedling was to become the first Dutch clone to prove effectively immune to disease, released in 1989 as 'Columella'. 'Plantyn' was also destined to be the female parent of Lutèce released in 2002.[5] In Italy, 'Plantyn' was used again as female parent in hybridizations with the Siberian Elm Ulmus pumila by the Istituto per la Protezione delle Piante (IPP), to create three new cultivars better adapted to the Mediterranean climate (see Hybrid cultivars).

Description

'Plantyn' leaves, Kew Gardens

'Plantyn' is a fast-growing tree, with upright branching forming a broad crown where grown in isolation. The dark-green leaves are < 10 cm long by 7 cm broad, on < 10 mm petioles.

Pests and diseases

'Plantyn' is no more resistant to Dutch elm disease than its Dutch contemporaries 'Dodoens' and 'Lobel' according to one source, rating 4 out of 5.[6] However, research published in France by the Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) indicated that 'Plantyn' possesses a greater degree of disease resistance than the other two cultivars, although neither had actually been tested by the organization. Nevertheless, INRA still classified 'Plantyn' as only 'moderately resistant'.[7]

Cultivation

Largely superseded by the later generation of cultivars highly resistant to Dutch elm disease, sales in the Netherlands declined from over 7,000 in 1979 to zero in 2004.[8] Like its Dutch contemporaries, 'Plantyn' has, however, proven very tolerant of sea winds,[9] and it is occasionally planted in coastal areas. Among examples are fourteen in Loosdrecht, Wijdemeren (ten in Draaibrug, ‘s-Gravelandsevaartweg, planted 2018, between the U. laevis 'Helena' and the U. laevis 'Westland' in the Iepenallee,[10][11][12] and three in Kastanjelaan and one in Tjalk, planted 2014[13]). There is a single specimen (2025) in Victoria Park, Edinburgh, planted c.2005.

'Plantyn' was not commercially released in the US, but was evaluated at the Iowa State University (acc. no. Q 28835);[14] however it is no longer listed (2013) in the NPGS inventory. 'Plantyn' was also included in trials [1] Archived 2002-06-10 at the Wayback Machine in Canberra, Australia, started in 1988, although it is reputed not to have thrived in that environment.

  • Line of 'Plantyn' (right), Buiksloterweg, Amsterdam (2018)[15]
    Line of 'Plantyn' (right), Buiksloterweg, Amsterdam (2018)[15]
  • 'Plantyn', Reguliersgracht, Amsterdam (March 2012)
    'Plantyn', Reguliersgracht, Amsterdam (March 2012)

Notable trees

In the UK a specimen grows in Kensington Gardens, London, which was 16 m high, 45 cm d.b.h. in 2001.[16] An elm in West Park, Wolverhampton, listed in 2017 by the TROBI [2] as the UK champion 'Plantyn', was found on re-examination in 2025 to be an old 'Groeneveld'. It measured 20.5 m tall by 75 cm d.b.h. in 2017.[17]

Hybrid cultivars

Etymology

The tree is named for the French printer and humanist Christoffel Plantijn (France: Christophe Plantin).

Synonymy

'Plantijn' (original Dutch form of the name).

The tag on the specimen at Kew Gardens reads 'Plantion'.

Accessions

Europe

References

  1. ^ 'Clone 202' herbarium leaves specimen WAG.1846635 (U. 'Exoniensis' × U. wallichiana), Baarn, 1962; bioportal.naturalis.nl
  2. ^ 'Clone 202' fruit and new leaves, herbarium specimen WAG.1846637, Baarn, 1962; bioportal.naturalis.nl
  3. ^ Heybroek, H. M. (1976). Nederlands Bosbouw Tijdschrift 48: 117–23, 1976.
  4. ^ Heybroek, Hans M. (1983). Burdekin, D.A. (ed.). "Resistant elms for Europe" (PDF). Forestry Commission Bulletin (Research on Dutch Elm Disease in Europe) (60). London: HMSO: 108–113. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-02-15. Retrieved 2017-02-09.
  5. ^ Heybroek, H.M. (1993). "The Dutch Elm Breeding Program". In Sticklen, Mariam B.; Sherald, James L. (eds.). Dutch Elm Disease Research. New York, USA: Springer-Verlag. pp. 16–25. ISBN 978-1-4615-6874-2. Retrieved 26 October 2017..
  6. ^ Heybroek, H. M., Goudzwaard, L, Kaljee, H. (2009). Iep of olm, karakterboom van de Lage Landen (:Elm, a tree with character of the Low Countries). KNNV, Uitgeverij. ISBN 9789050112819
  7. ^ Pinon, J. (July 2007). "Les ormes résistants à la graphiose" [Elms resistant to Dutch Elm Disease] (PDF). Forêt-entreprise (175). Paris, France: IDF: 37–41. ISSN 0752-5974. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 January 2022. Retrieved 26 October 2017.
  8. ^ Hiemstra, J.A.; et al. (2007). Belang en toekomst van de iep in Nederland [Importance and future of the elm in the Netherlands]. Wageningen, Netherlands: Praktijkonderzoek Plant & Omgeving B.V. Retrieved 26 October 2017.
  9. ^ Burdekin, D.A.; Rushforth, K.D. (November 1996). "Elms resistant to Dutch elm disease" (PDF). Arboriculture Research Note. 2/96. Revised by J.F. Webber. Alice Holt Lodge, Farnham: Arboricultural Advisory & Information Service: 1–9. ISSN 1362-5128. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 October 2017. Retrieved 26 October 2017.
  10. ^ Hanneke Tax, 'Martin Tijdgat, bomenman van de gemeente Wijdemeren en iepenexpert', 25 May 2022; boomzorg.nl Contains north to south names-list.
  11. ^ Ten 'Plantyn', Draaibrug, ‘s-Gravelandsevaartweg, Loosdrecht - Google Maps, October 2024, access date: 10 November, 2024
  12. ^ Hanneke Tax, 'Iepenallee 's-Gravelandsevaartweg', 1 May 2023, boomzorg.nl
  13. ^ 'Plantyn' in Kastanjelaan, Loosdrech - Google Maps, May 2022, access date: 10 November, 2025
  14. ^ Gibbs, J. N., Brasier, C. M., McNabb Jnr., H.S., and Heybroek, H. M. (1975). Further studies on the pathenogenicity in Ceratocystis ulmi. Europ. Journ. Forest. Path. 5 (3): 161–174.
  15. ^ 'Plantyn', Buiksloterweg, Amsterdam; ulmen-handbuch.de/handbuch/ulmus/u_komplexhybride
  16. ^ Johnson, Owen (ed.) (2003). Champion Trees of Britain & Ireland. Whittet Press, ISBN 978-1-873580-61-5.
  17. ^ 'Groeneveld' (misidentified as 'Plantyn' in 2017) in West Park, Wolverhampton; wolverhampton.gov.uk
  18. ^ "List of plants in the {elm} collection". Brighton & Hove City Council. Retrieved 23 September 2016.
allikas: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulmus_%27Plantyn%27