List of major liberal parties considered left

This article is about liberal parties that are perceived as left-leaning by regional and international standards. For for the counterpart on the right, see List of major liberal parties considered right.

Liberalism is frequently associated with centrism;[1] however, especially in countries whose Overton window is to the right, or where the mainstream left–right political spectrum includes liberals and conservatives but not socialists and social democrats, liberals may be considered left-leaning or centre-left as opposed to conservatives. Even in countries where socialist political forces exist significantly, some liberal parties have left-leaning characteristics.

Active

Major parties

Country Party Abbr. Notes Ref.
Canada Liberal Party of Canada LPC Two-party system dominated by the Liberal and Conservative parties. Most influential third party (NDP) is social democratic. [2]
India Indian National Congress INC Multi-party system, with two dominant parties that are the most influential: the liberal INC and the conservative BJP. [3]
Japan Constitutional Democratic Party of Japan CDP Dominant-party system under the conservative LDP. The liberal CDP is one of the main opposition parties, alongside the right-wing populist Ishin and the communist JCP. [4]
Slovenia Freedom Movement GS Multi-party system, with two dominant parties that are the most influential: the liberal GS and the conservative SDS. [5][6]
South Korea Democratic Party DPK Two-party system dominated by the liberal DPK and the conservative PPP. [7]
Taiwan Democratic Progressive Party DPP Two-party system dominated by the liberal DPP and the conservative KMT. [8]
United States Democratic Party D Two-party system dominated by the liberal Democrats and the conservative Republicans. [9]

While left-leaning liberal parties in Slovenia and South Korea tend to be major parties, they are usually short-lived.[10] Other parties in these traditions include:

Other

The liberal Progressive Slovakia (PS) is considered right-leaning in that it is the main opposition party to the left-wing nationalist Direction – Social Democracy (Smer). By international standards, PS is referred to as the centre-left.[50] PRCh, B, PRG, and Democrats 66 are connected to classical radicalism, the mainstream left-wing positions before socialism and social democracy mostly replaced it.

Historical

Early liberal parties were mostly related to the political left, therefore only liberal parties that existed since 1945 are included.

List of liberal political coalitions considered left

Active

The Civic Coalition (KO), a liberal Polish party, is recognised as centre-right by the international standards. By Polish political standards, it is considered centre-left as the main opposition of the conservative United Right (ZP).[74]

Historical

Liberal parties called "Left"

See also: Historical radicalism and Sinistrisme

Some of these parties are referred to by different names in English, and in this case the native name is used.

Active

Historical

See also

Notes

  1. ^ The Democratic Alliance of Korea belongs to the South Korea's liberal bloc. It is sometimes regarded as a "satellite party" of the liberal Democratic Party of Korea.[75][76]

References

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  10. ^ "Korea - Political Parties". GlobalSecurity.org. In South Korea, barely a year goes by without one rechristening itself. […] The biggest left-of-center group, formed in 1955 as the Democratic Party, has changed its identity 20 times. That includes a dozen times just since 2000. The name in 2016 translates as Together Democratic Party. In December 2015 that replaced the widely disliked New Politics Alliance for Democracy — which had been adopted only about a year earlier.
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  31. ^ McKernan, Bethan (13 June 2023). "Israel prepares for vote related to controversial judicial reform plan". The Guardian. Retrieved 20 September 2025. The opposition has put forward the centre-left Yesh Atid MK Karine Elharar as a candidate,
  32. ^ Berg, Raffi (3 November 2022). "Israel elections: Netanyahu set for comeback with far right's help - partial results". BBC. Retrieved 20 September 2025. At his party's camp in Tel Aviv however, current Prime Minister Yair Lapid told his supporters that "nothing" was yet decided and his centre-left Yesh Atid party would wait for the final results.
  33. ^ Traiman, Alex (4 August 2021). "Netanyahu's latest mandate is trial by fire". Israel Hayom. Retrieved 20 September 2025. Lapid, whose left-wing Yesh Atid received 17 seats, is believed to have offered Bennett the first seat in a prime-ministerial rotation arrangement should he break ranks with the right.
  34. ^ Glick, Caroline B.; Bybelezer, Charles; Marks, Joshua (4 August 2021). "JNS poll: Most Israelis oppose terms of hostages-for-ceasefire deal". Jewish News Syndicate. Retrieved 20 September 2025. In contrast, 59% of voters for opposition leader Yair Lapid's left-wing Yesh Atid Party expressed support for such a deal, with 31% opposing and 11% unsure.
  35. ^ Scherzer, Gabe (7 January 2025). "Liberal Democracy as a Matter of National Security". Shalom Hartman Institute. Retrieved 14 September 2025.
  36. ^ Golijov, Talia; Elimelech, Nadav (18 March 2024). "The Democrats: Protest leader announces latest shake-up to Israel's political map". i24news. Retrieved 14 September 2025.
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  40. ^ Taras Kuzio, ed. (2007). Ukraine?Crimea?Russia: Triangle of Conflict. Columbia University Press. p. 111. ISBN 9783838257617. Archived from the original on 25 August 2024. Retrieved 3 October 2020. ... the centre-left Yabloko, initiated the first votes in the Russian Supreme Soviet ... of the centre-left Union of Right Forces and became an adviser to President ..
  41. ^ "Timeline of Alexei Navalny's life and activism". ABC News. 21 February 2024. Retrieved 2 April 2025. Navalny, who earned two degrees in economics and law and was a practicing lawyer, joined the Russian liberal Yabloko party in 2000.
  42. ^ "St. Petersburg Opposition Lawmaker Vishnevsky Resigns Over 'Foreign Agent' Ban". The Moscow Times. 28 October 2024. Retrieved 2 April 2025. Russia's Justice Ministry designated Vishnevsky, a member of the liberal Yabloko party, as a "foreign agent" in March, citing his opposition to the full-scale invasion of Ukraine and commentary to foreign media outlets.
  43. ^ "This South Korean Pastor 'Blessed' a Queer Festival. He's Now Being Investigated". Vice. 2 October 2020. Archived from the original on 23 March 2022. Retrieved 9 November 2021. The minor liberal Justice Party is now on its seventh attempt to pass the bill in the National Assembly. Previous attempts failed as conservative Christian groups have been lobbying against it since 2007. Lee believes that the bill's passing is long overdue.
  44. ^ Hyung-A Kim (22 December 2022). "S Korea presidential poll: Choosing the lesser of two evils". Aljazeera. Third-party candidates to the presidency, such as Sim Sang-jeung of the left-wing Justice Party and Ahn Cheol-soo of the centrist People's Party, do not have nearly enough support to clinch the top role.
  45. ^ "Taiwan Election 2024". Hong Kong Free Press. 5 January 2024. Retrieved 29 November 2024. The centre-left Taiwan People's Party (TPP) considers itself an alternative third party between the two frontrunners.
  46. ^ "Taiwan-China Tensions Increase as New Taiwanese President Takes Charge". Fair Observer. 4 June 2024. Retrieved 29 November 2024. In a January election, Taiwanese Vice President Lai Ching-te became president. The Taiwanese nationalist DPP thus retained control of Taiwan's presidency, but it lost control of the legislature to the Chinese nationalist Kuomintang and the liberal Taiwan People's Party.
  47. ^ "New PM: How Johnson loyalist Liz Truss bagged the top job in British politics". France 24. 5 September 2024. Retrieved 29 November 2024. On the contrary, her left-wing parents took her on anti-Thatcher protest marches in the 1980s. As a student, she joined the centre-left Liberal Democrats, before switching to the Conservatives in 1996, the year she graduated.
  48. ^ "Centrifugal forces tear British political certainty apart". Reuters. 17 December 2014. Retrieved 29 November 2024. Publicly, the Conservatives and Labour insist the election is about getting back to majority governments after five years under Cameron's coalition with the centre-left Liberal Democrats.
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  51. ^ "ELECTIONS IN 2006". Inter-Parliamentary Union. In all 10 political parties and groups and 487 candidates contested the 2006 elections including one Turkish Cypriot candidate representing the left-wing United Democrats (EDI).
  52. ^ James Ker-Lindsay (2005). EU Accession and UN Peacemaking in Cyprus. Springer. p. 131. ISBN 9780230503519. While this was true, much of the impetus for the change in approach can be laid at the feet of George Vassiliou, the Chief Negotiator of Cypriot EU accession, and Michalis Papapetrou, the Government Spokesmen - the respective president and vice-president of the United Democrats (EDI), a small centre-left party that was in coalition with DISY.
  53. ^ Joana Amaral (2019). Making Peace with Referendums: Cyprus and Northern Ireland. Syracuse University Press. p. 64. ISBN 9780815654704. In the end, only two parties campaigned for the "yes" vote: DISY and the smaller center-left United Democrats (EDI).
  54. ^ Costas M. Constantinou; Yiannis Papadakis (2002). "The Cypriot State(s) in situ : Cross-ethnic Contact and the Discourse of Recognition". The European Union and the Cyprus Conflict: Modern Conflict, Postmodern Union. p. 96. doi:10.1080/713669077. ISBN 9780719060793. By 'left-wing party' we mean the large communist party AKEL, and the much smaller United Democrats Movement (EDI).
  55. ^ Political Handbook of the World, 2018-2019. 2019. p. 406. ISBN 978-1-5443-2712-9. ISSN 0193-175X. The leftist EDI was formed in 1996 by members of the Free Democrats Movement (Kinima ton Elefiheron Dimokraton—KED) and the Democratic Socialist Reform Movement (Ananeotiko Dimokratiko Sosialistiko Kinima—ADISOK).
  56. ^ Andrew Yu Chun-Kit (4 June 2019). "Harmony and Discord: Development of Political Parties and Social Fragmentation in Hong Kong, 1980–2017". Open Political Science. 2 (1). Walter de Gruyter: 53–63. doi:10.1515/openps-2019-0006.
  57. ^ Li, Pang-kwong; Newman, David (1997). "Give and Take: Electoral Politics in Transitional Hong Kong". Asian Perspective. 21 (1): 219. doi:10.1353/apr.1997.a921141. JSTOR 42704125.
  58. ^ David Wei Feng Huang; Simona A. Grano (2023). China-US Competition: Impact on Small and Middle Powers' Strategic Choices. Springer International Publishing. p. 149. ISBN 978-3-031-15389-1. The second Conte government ("Conte II"), supported by M5S and the centre-left Democratic Party (PD) between September 2019 and February 2021, showed markedly less enthusiasm for the MoU, let alone for any further deepening of ties with China.
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  61. ^ Chad Atkinson (2010). Dangerous Democracies and Partying Prime Ministers: Domestic Political Contexts and Foreign Policy. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 50. ISBN 9780739133613. This led to a situation in 1977 where Diskin places Labor, Augat Israel, and the DMC in the center, and several smaller parties totaling only four seats (Citizen's Rights, Shelli, and the Independent Liberals) were placed among the left. The Independent Liberals are worthy of note because they do step outside of the conflation of right-left with hawk-dove. The Independent Liberals were dovish, yet economically conservative. This combination of preferences would place them close to the political center (leftist foreign policy and rightist economic policy) on the left-right continuum, however the failure of the Independent Liberals to persist as a viable party suggests that this discord between foreign and domestic policy is a difficult position to maintain. The left-right divide corresponds closely to the dove-hawk dimension in Israeli politics.
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  63. ^ Day, Alan J., ed. (2002). "Israel". Political Parties of the World. John Harper Publishing. p. 262. ISBN 0-9536278-7-X. Shinui ("change") claims to be Israel's only truly liberal party. […] Although hitherto regarded as left-wing, Shinui proved sceptical about chances for peace with Palestinians.
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  66. ^ Panebianco, Angelo (2014). "The Italian Radicals". When Parties Fail: Emerging Alternative Organizations. Princeton University Press. p. 123. ISBN 9781400859498. From the beginning, the group adopted a strategic orientation which favored a "left alternative" to the DC government and antiestblishmentarian causes.
  67. ^ Bosworth, R. J. B. (2023). "Giorgio Amendola and the National Road to Socialism". Politics, Murder and Love in an Italian Family. Cambridge University Press. p. 161. ISBN 9781009280174. She almost immediately took a seat in the European parliament in the group led by Marco Pannella, founder of a new leftist Radical Party in the 1960s; it went transnational in the European parliament in 1989, welcoming the fall of Eastern European communism.
  68. ^ Miranda Schreurs (2014). "Japan". In Jeffrey Kopstein; Mark Lichbach; Stephen E. Hanson (eds.). Comparative Politics: Interests, Identities, and Institutions in a Changing Global Order. Cambridge University Press. p. 192. ISBN 978-1-139-99138-4.
  69. ^ Dennis T. Yasutomo, ed. (2014). Japan's Civil-Military Diplomacy: The Banks of the Rubicon. Routledge. ISBN 9781134651931.
  70. ^ "Japan's Democratic Party chooses a new leader". Public Radio International. 15 September 2016.
  71. ^ Loh, Christine (2010). Underground Front: The Chinese Communist Party in Hong Kong. Hong Kong University Press. pp. 150–152.
  72. ^ Ehsan Bakhshandeh, ed. (29 September 2016). Occidentalism in Iran: Representations of the West in the Iranian Media. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-0-85773-912-4. The former was the representative of the right wing (Conservatives) and the latter was the birthplace of the left wing (Reformists). After the 1997 elections, the left wing became known as Reformism while the right wing was introduced as Conservatism after the 2005 elections.
  73. ^ Ahmad Ashraf and Ali Banuazizi (2001), "Iran's Tortuous Path Toward "Islamic Liberalism"", International Journal of Politics, Culture and Society, 15 (2): 237–256, doi:10.1023/A:1012921001777, S2CID 141387320
  74. ^
  75. ^ "South Korea 2024 Post-Election Analysis". Edelman Global Advisory. 12 April 2024. Retrieved 27 January 2026.
  76. ^ "Ex-justice minister vows to summon president, strike back if elected". Korea JoongAng Daily. 26 March 2024. Retrieved 27 January 2026. The Korea Innovation Party and the liberal Democratic Party's (DP) satellite party, the Democratic Alliance, announced the previous day that they had filed a complaint to the Corruption Investigation Office for High-Ranking Officials alleging illegal misuse of personal information by Yoon and other former and current prosecutors general.
  77. ^ a b Ilkka Ruostetsaari (2007). "Restructuring of the European Political Centre: Withering Liberal and Persisting Agrarian Party Families". Democratic Representation in Europe: Diversity, Change, and Convergence. p. 221. doi:10.1093/oso/9780199234202.003.0009.003.0009 (inactive 13 October 2025). ISBN 9780199234202. The left liberals were represented in European parliaments in: […] Denmark since 1906 (Radikale Venstre) […]. The right liberal tradition has been represented in […] Italy since 1861 (the so–called Historical Left–Storica Sinistra–the Liberal Party, Forza Italia) […].{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of October 2025 (link)
  78. ^ a b Simon T. Franzmann (2012). "Die liberale Parteifamilie". Parteienfamilien: Identitätsbestimmend oder nur noch Etikett? (in German). Verlag Barbara Budrich. p. 159. doi:10.2307/j.ctvdf0fdx.10. ISBN 9783866495173. JSTOR j.ctvdf0fdx.10. Sowohl die dänische als auch die norwegische liberale Partei heißen „Venstre" – was nichts anderes als Linkspartei bedeudet. Trotzdem kamen seit Mitte des 20. Jahrhunderts kein Wähler und kein Parteifunktionär auf die Idee, Venstre im Parteispektrum als links zu verortnen.
  79. ^ Janez Cvirn (2016). Das "Festungsdreieck": Zur politischen Orientierung der Deutschen in der Untersteiermark (1861-1914) (in German). LIT Verlag Münster. p. 138. ISBN 9783643507570. Sowohl die neue Deutschnationale Partei als auch die alte liberale Vereinigte Deutsche Linke seien Feinde der Slowenen.
  80. ^ Gábor Egry (2011). Magyar levéltári források az 1930. évi romániai népszámlálás nemzetiségi adatsorainak értékeléséhez (in Hungarian). Editura ISPMN. p. 36. ISBN 9786069274484. A magyar kormánynak a kérdésben tanúsított óvatos és visszafogott tak-tikája kiérezhető abból a válaszból is, amelyet Bethlen István miniszterelnök adott Pakots Józsefnek, a liberális irányultságú Egyesült Balpárt képviselőjének 1931. január 14-i képviselőházi interpellációjára.
  81. ^ Juan Marcet; Jordi Argelaguet (2003). "Nationalist Parties in Catalonia". Regionalist Parties in Western Europe. Routledge. p. 73f. ISBN 9781134712014. The fusion in June 1978 with Esquerra Democràtica de Catalunya (Democratic Left of Catalonia), a left-liberal group led by Trias Fargas, and the stable agreement with UDC, both during the elections and in government (September 1978), would be important factors in achieving the goal of creating a unique centre-left force in Catalonia.
  82. ^ Stanley G. Payne (1993). Spain's First Democracy: The Second Republic, 1931-1936. Univ of Wisconsin Press. p. 267. ISBN 9780299136741. Both Popular Fronts comprised inherently contradictory liberal and leftist forces, so that the French coalition began to break down within only a year, and the same thing would doubtless have occurred in Spain had not the Civil War intervened, despite the radical liberal position of Azaña's Izquierda Republicana.
allikas: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_major_liberal_parties_considered_left