| Language Endangerment Status |
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Other categories |
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Related topics
|
 UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger categories |
|
An endangered language is a language that it is at risk of falling out of use, generally because it has few surviving speakers. If it loses all of its native speakers, it becomes an extinct language. UNESCO defines four levels of language endangerment between "safe" (not endangered) and "extinct":[1]
- Vulnerable
- Definitely endangered
- Severely endangered
- Critically endangered
| Language |
Family
|
Locations |
Status |
Speakers |
Ref
|
| Alune language[1]
|
Austronesian
|
Maluku
|
Vulnerable
|
17,000
|
[2]
|
| Amahai language[1]
|
Austronesian
|
Maluku
|
Critically endangered
|
50
|
[2]
|
| Ampibabo Lauje language[1]
|
Austronesian
|
Sulawesi
|
Vulnerable
|
44,000
|
[2]
|
| Andio language[1]
|
Austronesian
|
Sulawesi
|
Vulnerable
|
335
|
[2]
|
| Anus language[1]
|
Austronesian
|
Papua
|
Severely endangered
|
320
|
[2]
|
| Aputai language[1]
|
Austronesian
|
Maluku
|
Critically endangered
|
11,000
|
[2]
|
| Arguni language[1]
|
Austronesian
|
Papua
|
Vulnerable
|
300
|
[2]
|
| As language[1]
|
Austronesian
|
Papua
|
Vulnerable
|
5–6
|
[2]
|
| Auye language[1]
|
Trans–New Guinea
|
Papua
|
Vulnerable
|
600
|
[2]
|
| Awera language[1]
|
Lakes Plain
|
Papua
|
Vulnerable
|
70
|
[2]
|
| Awyi language[1]
|
Border
|
Papua
|
Vulnerable
|
350
|
[2]
|
| Bahonsuai language[1]
|
Austronesian
|
Sulawesi
|
Definitely endangered
|
200
|
[2]
|
| Baleasang language[1]
|
Austronesian
|
Sulawesi
|
Definitely endangered
|
3,200
|
[2]
|
| Baras language[1]
|
Austronesian
|
Sulawesi
|
Severely endangered
|
430,000
|
[2]
|
| Bedoanas language[1]
|
Austronesian
|
Papua
|
Vulnerable
|
180
|
[2]
|
| Benggoi language[1]
|
Austronesian
|
Maluku
|
Definitely endangered
|
350
|
[2]
|
| Besoa language[1]
|
Austronesian
|
Sulawesi
|
Vulnerable
|
10,000
|
[2]
|
| Biak language[1]
|
Austronesian
|
Papua
|
Vulnerable
|
70,000
|
[2]
|
| Boano language[1]
|
Austronesian
|
Sulawesi
|
Vulnerable
|
2,700
|
[2]
|
| Bonerif[1]
|
Tor–Kwerba
|
Papua
|
Critically endangered
|
200
|
[2]
|
| Bonggo language[1]
|
Austronesian
|
Papua
|
Severely endangered
|
790
|
[2]
|
| Budong-Budong language[1]
|
Austronesian
|
Sulawesi
|
Critically endangered
|
180
|
[2]
|
| Burate language[1]
|
East Cendrawasih
|
Papua
|
Severely endangered
|
100
|
[2]
|
| Busoa language[1]
|
Austronesian
|
Sulawesi
|
Vulnerable
|
2,300
|
[2]
|
| Dabra language[1]
|
Lakes Plain
|
Papua
|
Vulnerable
|
300
|
[2]
|
| Dakka language[1]
|
Austronesian
|
Sulawesi
|
Vulnerable
|
1,000
|
[2]
|
| Damal language[1]
|
Trans–New Guinea
|
Papua
|
Vulnerable
|
14,000
|
[2]
|
| Dampelas language[1]
|
Austronesian
|
Sulawesi
|
Definitely endangered
|
2,000
|
[2]
|
| Demisa language[1]
|
East Cendrawasih
|
Papua
|
Definitely endangered
|
400
|
[2]
|
| Dondo language[1]
|
Austronesian
|
Sulawesi
|
Vulnerable
|
13,000
|
[2]
|
| Doutai language[1]
|
Lakes Plain
|
Papua
|
Severely endangered
|
70
|
[2]
|
| Dubu language[1]
|
Pauwasi
|
Papua
|
Vulnerable
|
220
|
[2]
|
| Duriankere language[1]
|
Trans–New Guinea
|
Papua
|
Critically endangered
|
0
|
[2]
|
| Dusner language[1]
|
Austronesian
|
Papua
|
Critically endangered
|
3
|
[2]
|
| Emplawas language[1]
|
Austronesian
|
Maluku
|
Definitely endangered
|
250
|
[2]
|
| Enggano language[1]
|
Austronesian
|
Sumatra
|
Vulnerable
|
700
|
[2]
|
| Erokwanas language[1]
|
Austronesian
|
Papua
|
Vulnerable
|
<200
|
[2]
|
| Fayu language[1]
|
Lakes Plain
|
Papua
|
Vulnerable
|
1,400
|
[2]
|
| Foya language[1]
|
Language isolate
|
Papua
|
Critically endangered
|
300
|
[2]
|
| Gebe language[1]
|
Austronesian
|
Maluku
|
Vulnerable
|
2,700
|
[2]
|
| Gorap language[1]
|
Malay creole
|
Maluku
|
Definitely endangered
|
1,000
|
[2]
|
| Helong language[1]
|
Austronesian
|
Nusa Tenggara
|
Severely endangered
|
14,000
|
[2]
|
| Hoti language[1]
|
Austronesian
|
Maluku
|
Critically endangered
|
0
|
[2]
|
| Hulung language[1]
|
Austronesian
|
Maluku
|
Critically endangered
|
<10
|
[2]
|
| Ibu language[1]
|
West Papuan
|
Maluku
|
Critically endangered
|
12,000
|
[2]
|
| Iresim language[1]
|
Austronesian
|
Papua
|
Severely endangered
|
70
|
[2]
|
| Isirawa language[1]
|
Tor–Kwerba
|
Papua
|
Vulnerable
|
1,800
|
[2]
|
| Itik language[1]
|
Tor–Kwerba
|
Papua
|
Vulnerable
|
80
|
[2]
|
| Javindo Creole language[1]
|
Dutch creole
|
Java
|
Critically endangered
|
10–99
|
[2]
|
| Kadai language[1]
|
Austronesian
|
Maluku
|
Definitely endangered
|
4,900
|
[2]
|
| Kaibobo language[1]
|
Austronesian
|
Maluku
|
Definitely endangered
|
500
|
[2]
|
| Kaiy language[1]
|
Lakes Plain
|
Papua
|
Vulnerable
|
220
|
[2]
|
| Kalao language[1]
|
Austronesian
|
Sulawesi
|
Definitely endangered
|
500
|
[2]
|
| Kamarian language[1]
|
Austronesian
|
Maluku
|
Critically endangered
|
0
|
[2]
|
| Kao language[1]
|
West Papuan
|
Maluku
|
Definitely endangered
|
1,250
|
[2]
|
| Kapori language[1]
|
Tor–Kwerba
|
Papua
|
Critically endangered
|
200
|
[2]
|
| Karas language[1]
|
Trans–New Guinea
|
Papua
|
Severely endangered
|
100
|
[2]
|
| Kayupulau language[1]
|
Austronesian
|
Papua
|
Critically endangered
|
50
|
[2]
|
| Keder language[1]
|
Tor–Kwerba
|
Papua
|
Severely endangered
|
370
|
[2]
|
| Kembra language[1]
|
Pauwasi
|
Papua
|
Critically endangered
|
20
|
[2]
|
| Kodeoha language[1]
|
Austronesian
|
Sulawesi
|
Vulnerable
|
1,500
|
[2]
|
| Kofei language[1]
|
East Cendrawasih
|
Papua
|
Severely endangered
|
100
|
[2]
|
| Koneraw language[1]
|
Trans–New Guinea
|
Papua
|
Vulnerable
|
1,200
|
[2]
|
| Koroni language[1]
|
Austronesian
|
Sulawesi
|
Definitely endangered
|
23,000
|
[2]
|
| Kowiai language[1]
|
Austronesian
|
Papua
|
Vulnerable
|
600
|
[2]
|
| Kwansu language[1]
|
Tor–Kwerba
|
Papua
|
Vulnerable
|
500
|
[2]
|
| Kwerisa language[1]
|
Lakes Plain
|
Papua
|
Critically endangered
|
15
|
[2]
|
| Laiyolo language[1]
|
Austronesian
|
Sulawesi
|
Definitely endangered
|
800
|
[2]
|
| Lauje language[1]
|
Austronesian
|
Sulawesi
|
Vulnerable
|
44,000
|
[2]
|
| Legenyem language[1]
|
Austronesian
|
Papua
|
Vulnerable
|
250
|
[2]
|
| Lemolang language[1]
|
Austronesian
|
Sulawesi
|
Vulnerable
|
2,000
|
[2]
|
| Lengilu language[1]
|
Austronesian
|
Kalimantan
|
Critically endangered
|
3
|
[2]
|
| Liki language[1]
|
Austronesian
|
Papua
|
Critically endangered
|
11
|
[2]
|
| Lisela language[1]
|
Austronesian
|
Maluku
|
Vulnerable
|
11,900
|
[2]
|
| Lola language[1]
|
Austronesian
|
Maluku
|
Vulnerable
|
900
|
[2]
|
| Lolak language[1]
|
Austronesian
|
Sulawesi
|
Critically endangered
|
<50
|
[2]
|
| Lom language[1]
|
Austronesian
|
Sumatra
|
Critically endangered
|
340,000
|
[2]
|
| Loun language[1]
|
Austronesian
|
Maluku
|
Critically endangered
|
0
|
[2]
|
| Mander language[1]
|
Tor–Kwerba
|
Papua
|
Critically endangered
|
200
|
[2]
|
| Mansim language[1]
|
West Papuan
|
Papua
|
Critically endangered
|
50
|
[2]
|
| Maremgi language[1]
|
Tor–Kwerba
|
Papua
|
Definitely endangered
|
0
|
[2]
|
| Massep language[1]
|
Language isolate
|
Papua
|
Critically endangered
|
25
|
[2]
|
| Momuna language[1]
|
Trans–New Guinea
|
Papua
|
Vulnerable
|
2,000
|
[2]
|
| Mor language[1]
|
Trans–New Guinea
|
Papua
|
Severely endangered
|
700
|
[2]
|
| Moraori language[1]
|
Trans–New Guinea
|
Papua
|
Severely endangered
|
50
|
[2]
|
| Napu language[1]
|
Austronesian
|
Sulawesi
|
Vulnerable
|
6,100
|
[2]
|
| Narau language[1]
|
Kaure–Kosare
|
Papua
|
Severely endangered
|
450
|
[2]
|
| Nila language (Seram Island), Nila[1]
|
Austronesian
|
Maluku
|
Definitely endangered
|
0
|
[2]
|
| Nusa Laut language[1]
|
Austronesian
|
Maluku
|
Critically endangered
|
0
|
[2]
|
| Obokuitai language[1]
|
Lakes Plain
|
Papua
|
Vulnerable
|
120
|
[2]
|
| Oirata language[1]
|
Trans–New Guinea
|
Maluku
|
Definitely endangered
|
1,200
|
[2]
|
| Onin language[1]
|
Austronesian
|
Papua
|
Vulnerable
|
500
|
[2]
|
| Ormu language[1]
|
Austronesian
|
Papua
|
Vulnerable
|
500
|
[2]
|
| Padoe language[1]
|
Austronesian
|
Sulawesi
|
Vulnerable
|
5,000
|
[2]
|
| Palu'e language[1]
|
Austronesian
|
Nusa Tenggara
|
Definitely endangered
|
10,000
|
[2]
|
| Panasuan language[1]
|
Austronesian
|
Sulawesi
|
Definitely endangered
|
800
|
[2]
|
| Paulohi language[1]
|
Austronesian
|
Maluku
|
Critically endangered
|
50
|
[2]
|
| Pauwi language[1]
|
Lower Mamberamo
|
Papua
|
Vulnerable
|
200
|
[2]
|
| Peco' Creole language[1]
|
Dutch Creole
|
Java
|
Critically endangered
|
0
|
[2]
|
| Pendau language[1]
|
Austronesian
|
Sulawesi
|
Vulnerable
|
4,000
|
[2]
|
| Pyu language[1]
|
Language isolate
|
Papua
|
Severely endangered
|
250
|
[2]
|
| Rahambuu language[1]
|
Austronesian
|
Sulawesi
|
Vulnerable
|
350
|
[2]
|
| Salas language[1]
|
Austronesian
|
Maluku
|
Severely endangered
|
50
|
[2]
|
| Saluan language[1]
|
Austronesian
|
Sulawesi
|
Vulnerable
|
76,000
|
[2]
|
| Saparua language[1]
|
Austronesian
|
Maluku
|
Definitely endangered
|
1500
|
[2]
|
| Saponi language[1]
|
Language isolate
|
Papua
|
Critically endangered
|
4
|
[2]
|
| Sause language[1]
|
Tor–Kwerba
|
Papua
|
Severely endangered
|
250
|
[2]
|
| Senggi language[1]
|
Border
|
Papua
|
Vulnerable
|
250
|
[2]
|
| Serili language[1]
|
Austronesian
|
Maluku
|
Vulnerable
|
330
|
[2]
|
| Sobei language[1]
|
Austronesian
|
Papua
|
Definitely endangered
|
1,000
|
[2]
|
| Taba language[1]
|
Austronesian
|
Maluku
|
Vulnerable
|
20,000+
|
[2]
|
| Taikat language[1]
|
Border
|
Papua
|
Definitely endangered
|
500
|
[2]
|
| Taje language[1]
|
Austronesian
|
Sulawesi
|
Critically endangered
|
350
|
[2]
|
| Tajio language[1]
|
Austronesian
|
Sulawesi
|
Vulnerable
|
12,000
|
[2]
|
| Taloki language[1]
|
Austronesian
|
Sulawesi
|
Definitely endangered
|
23,000
|
[2]
|
| Talondo language[1]
|
Austronesian
|
Sulawesi
|
Definitely endangered
|
1,200
|
[2]
|
| Tarpia language[1]
|
Austronesian
|
Papua
|
Severely endangered
|
630
|
[2]
|
| Tause language[1]
|
Lakes Plain
|
Papua
|
Vulnerable
|
500
|
[2]
|
| Taworta language[1]
|
Lakes Plain
|
Papua
|
Vulnerable
|
300
|
[2]
|
| Te'un language (Seram Island)[1]
|
Austronesian
|
Maluku
|
Definitely endangered
|
1,200
|
[2]
|
| Tialo language[1]
|
Austronesian
|
Sulawesi
|
Vulnerable
|
30,000
|
[2]
|
| Tobati language[1]
|
Austronesian
|
Papua
|
Severely endangered
|
100
|
[2]
|
| Tofanma language[1]
|
Pauwasi
|
Papua
|
Vulnerable
|
250
|
[2]
|
| Tomadino language[1]
|
Austronesian
|
Sulawesi
|
Definitely endangered
|
600
|
[2]
|
| Tombelala language[1]
|
Austronesian
|
Sulawesi
|
Vulnerable
|
1,100
|
[2]
|
| Toratán language[1]
|
Austronesian
|
Sulawesi
|
Definitely endangered
|
500
|
[2]
|
| Totoli language[1]
|
Austronesian
|
Sulawesi
|
Vulnerable
|
25,000
|
[2]
|
| Uhunduni language[1]
|
Trans–New Guinea
|
Papua
|
Vulnerable
|
14,000
|
[2]
|
| Ujir language[1]
|
Austronesian
|
Maluku
|
Definitely endangered
|
1,000
|
[2]
|
| Usku language[1]
|
Pauwasi
|
Papua
|
Critically endangered
|
20–160
|
[2]
|
| Wano language[1]
|
Trans–New Guinea
|
Papua
|
Definitely endangered
|
1,000
|
[2]
|
| Wari language[1]
|
Austronesian
|
Papua
|
Definitely endangered
|
150
|
[2]
|
| Waru language[1]
|
Austronesian
|
Sulawesi
|
Definitely endangered
|
350
|
[2]
|
| Woria language[1]
|
East Cendrawasih
|
Papua
|
Critically endangered
|
5
|
[2]
|
| Wotu language[1]
|
Austronesian
|
Sulawesi
|
Vulnerable
|
500
|
[2]
|
| Yoki language[1]
|
Lower Mamberamo
|
Papua
|
Severely endangered
|
200
|
[2]
|
References