Vavila (Anglicized: Vavil; Serbian Cyrillic: Вавила; fl. 1520, before 1485 – 1520) was the Metropolitan of Zeta and the first prince-bishop (vladika) from c. 1493 to 1504 and the vicar bishop of Visarion, his predecessor.[1][2]

Biography

The very first of the vladikas—who were elected for 180 years by clan chieftains and people on Montenegrin assembly (called "Zbor")—Vavila, had a relatively peaceful reign without many Ottoman incursions, devoting most of his time to the maintenance of the printing press in Obod.[3]

The first mention of Vavila dates to January 4, 1485, in the charter issued by Ivan Crnojević (r. 1465–1490);[1] the Old Cetinje Monastery was built in 1484–85, at which time the Metropolitan of Zeta was Visarion, while Vavila was mentioned as his vicar[1] bishop (1485).[2] In 1514, Zeta was separated from the Sanjak of Scutari and established as the separate Sanjak of Montenegro, under the rule of Skenderbeg Crnojević. In 1516, Vavila was elected as ruler of Montenegro by its clans. This event marked the foundation of the Prince-Bishopric of Montenegro.

Vavila succeeded Visarion,[1] though it is not known when exactly this would have taken place, as the oldest found source mentions Vavila as such in 1494, where he was mentioned in the Cetinje Octoechos.[1] In some certain catalogs, Vavila was also mentioned in the years 1493 and 1495.[4]

Vavila blessed Hieromonk Makarije's Cetinje Octoechos,[5] printed at the Crnojević printing house in 1494, in which he was mentioned as the Metropolitan of Zeta.[1] In 1496, Prince Đurađ IV Crnojević of Zeta (r. 1489–1496) abdicated the rule to Stefan II Crnojević, an Ottoman vassal. Zeta then became part of the Sanjak of Scutari of the Ottoman Empire in 1499.[6]

In 1504, Roman is mentioned as the Metropolitan of Zeta.[1] In 1514, Zeta was separated from the Sanjak of Scutari and established as the separate Sanjak of Montenegro, under the rule of Skenderbeg Crnojević.[6] In 1516, Vavila was elected as ruler of Montenegro by its clans. This event marked the foundation of the Prince-Bishopric of Montenegro.

After the departure of Đurađ Crnojević from Montenegro to Italy, Vavila spent the rest of his life in Cetinje while successfully preserving the people in the state of faith and freedom in which he received them.[7]

After the departure of Đurađ Crnojević from Montenegro to Italy, His Holiness Metropolitan [Vavila] spent the rest of his life in Cetinje peacefully, not even prosecuting those subordinates [...] to restrain the wrath of the terrible sultan against himself, but even, flatteringly, strengthened [sic] them with spirit—so that they would not forget who they were and from whom they belonged, but to defend their people and their homeland from oppression and to represent them in every necessity and force. — A passage excerpt from Sima Milutinović Sarajlija's History of Montenegro (1835).[7][a]

Vavila died in 1520, and he was succeeded by Roman, the second vladika and metropolitan of Zeta.[1]

Notes

a.^ In the same source where the paragraph was excerpted from, future metropolitans like German III (1520–1530), Pavle (1530–1532), Nikodim (1540), and others were mentioned.

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h Aleksandar Stamatović. "Zetska episkopija i Crnogorska mitropolija do Petrovićkog perioda".
  2. ^ a b Denkschriften. Vol. 64. In Kommission bei Alfred Hölder. 1920. p. 49. Das 1485 gegründete Kloster von Cetinje wird ausdrücklich als die künftige ,mitropolija zetska' erwähnt. Genannt werden 1483 — 1485 Yisarion als Metropolit der Zeta und neben ihm der Bischof (episkop) Vavila, der dann später.
  3. ^ Miller, William (1896). The Story of the Nations: The Balkans. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons. Retrieved 28 June 2018. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  4. ^ "Projekat Rastko Cetinje - Povijest". www.rastko.rs. Retrieved 2025-02-22.
  5. ^ William Denton (1877). Montenegro, its people and their history. Dalby, Isbister & Company. p. 149.
  6. ^ a b Ćorović, Vladimir (1933). Istorija Jugoslavije (in Serbian). Beograd: Narodno Delo. Retrieved 27 April 2011. Год. 1499. припојена је била Црна Гора скадарском санџакату. Али, год. 1514. одвојио је султан поново и поставио јој за управника, као санџак-бега, потурченог Станишу, односно Скендер-бега Црнојевића.
  7. ^ a b "Projekat Rastko Cetinje - Simeon Milutinovic Sarajlija - Istorija Crne Gore". www.rastko.rs. Retrieved 2025-02-22.
Allikas: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vavila,_Metropolitan_of_Zeta
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