Bolshakov (Russian: Большаков) may refer to:

• Nikolay Bolshakov (born 1967), Soviet and Russian cross-country skier
• Aleksei Bolshakov (born 1966), former Soviet and Russian football player
• Denis Bolshakov (born 1987), Russian footballer
• Dmitri Bolshakov (born 1980), Russian footballer
• Georgi Bolshakov (1922-1989), Soviet GRU officer and secret diplomat in Washington, D.C.
• Sergei Bolshakov (born 1996), Russian ice hockey player
• Sergey Bolshakov (born 1988), Russian swimmer