The next Hessian state parliament election is set to take place no later than 2028,^[1] It will elect the 22st Landtag of Hesse for a five-year term.

The incumbent government is the Second Rhein cabinet, headed by the Christian Democratic Union with support from the Social Democratic Party.

Article 79 of the Constitution of Hesse stipulates that the state parliament is elected for a five years term, with a new election being called no later than the end of that period. According to Section 1 of the Hessian state election law, the election must take place on a Sunday or public holiday. The day of the election is determined by the state government by ordinance.

Since the 20th state parliament was constituted on January 18, 2019, Sunday, January 14, 2024, is the latest possible date for the election to the 21st Hessian state parliament.^[2]

The Hessian Parliament sits a minimum of 110 deputies elected via Mixed-member proportional representation, those being 55 from the constituencies and 55 from the party lists. The running parties must however receive at least 5.0% of the valid votes in order to receive seats. The calculations for the distribution follows the Hare-Niemeyer method. Despite the number of 110 seats, overhang mandates and compensatory mandates often gives the diet a higher number of parliamentarians, the latest being 133 in total.^[2]

Following the previous election, five parties were elected to the Landtag. Since then, the Alternative for Germany has been the only party to have suffered changes in the number of seats, as three of its members have been withdrawn from the party and the parliamentary group.^[3]

The distribution of seats in the parliament following 2023 election and its current configuration are as follows: