Persian–Dutch War
| Persian–Dutch War | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Satellite image of the strategic island of Kharg | |||||||||
| |||||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||||
 Zand Iran |
 Dutch East India Company | ||||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||||
|
Karim Khan Zand Mir Mahna |
Petron Hooting  Baron Kneiphausen | ||||||||
| Strength | |||||||||
| Unknown (probably 70 people) |
Naval battle: 40+ Europeans and 18 local sailors 2 Galliot warships and a Dutch cargo ship Land battle: 80 European soldiers and 120 local sailors | ||||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||||
|
Naval battle: Low Land battle: Low |
Naval battle: 40 European passengers and 18 local sailors captured 2 Galliot warships and a Dutch cargo ship captured Land battle: 58 Dutchmen captured Loss of Musselstein Castle | ||||||||
The Persian–Dutch War or Iranian–Dutch War (Persian: جنگ ایران و هلند) was a military conflict between Zand Iran and the Dutch East India Company.
Background
Mir Mahna had invaded the Kharg islands earlier in 1762, but was repulsed by the Dutch.[1] Petronhoting, the commander of the Dutch and in charge of the Dutch East India Company in the Persian Gulf at the time, who was stationed in Musselstein Kharg Castle and had lost an important part of his naval power, asked for help from Sheikh Saadun Bushehri, but Saadun made excuses because he was afraid of Mirmahna's attacks. In the end, he did not go to the help of his Dutch friends. Mir mahna landed part of his forces on Kharg Island (which was captured by the Dutch during the occupation of Kharg) near the Armenian neighborhood and away from the Dutch cannons. On 1 December (22 December 1765) they attacked and besieged Musselstein Castle, until they captured it after some time.[2][3][4][5]
Battle
On 12 December 1765 (21 December 1144), a Dutch ship reached Kharg from Basra, and the Dutch from Kharg sent their 2 Galliot warships to welcome and escort that ship. In order to avoid the attack of Mir Mahna in Khargo Island was to be protected, but Mir Mahna, on the orders of Karim Khan Zand with his men captured not only the mentioned cargo ship but also 2 Dutch warships and captured 40 European passengers and 18 local sailors.[6][7][8]
See also
References
- ^ Potter, L. (2009-01-05). The Persian Gulf in History. Springer. ISBN 978-0-230-61845-9.
- ^ "" The Dutch Colonial Presence in the Persian Gulf "".
- ^ ""Mirmohana Bakrim Khan's controversy and foreign companies and British double policy in suppressing him"" (PDF).
- ^ Houshisadat, Seyed Mohammad (2020-10-05). Iran's Regional Relations: A History from Antiquity to the Islamic Republic. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-000-17882-1.
- ^ Hawley, Donald (1970). The Trucial States. Ardent Media. ISBN 978-0-04-953005-8.
- ^ میرمهنا را بهتر بشناسیم. ایرنا (in Persian). 2020-05-02. Retrieved 2024-10-15.
- ^ ""Investigating the performance of the Dutch and British governments in the Persian Gulf during the Zandiyeh period"" (PDF).
- ^ Mueller, Chelsi (13 August 2020). The Origins of the Arab-Iranian Conflict: Nationalism and Sovereignty in the Gulf between the World Wars. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-108-48908-9.