Events from the year 1843 in France.

• Monarch – Louis Philippe I

• 16 May – French conquest of Algeria: Battle of the Smala - French troops led by Henri d'Orléans, duc d'Aumale, are victorious over Algerian forces led by Emir Abdelkader.
• 4 July – Sanwi, a traditional kingdom located in the south-east corner of modern-day Côte d'Ivoire, becomes a protectorate of Louis Philippe.

• 10 February – Philippe Alexandre Jules Künckel d'Herculais, entomologist (died 1918)
• 13 February – Célanie Carissan, composer, writer and pianist (died 1927)^[1]
• 14 February – Louis Diémer, pianist and composer (died 1919)
• 2 March – André Fernand Thesmar, enameler (died 1912)^[2]
• 5 March – Hugh Antoine d'Arcy, poet, writer and pioneer executive in the American motion picture industry (died 1925)
• 14 March – Leon Dehon, clergyman (died 1925)
• 29 March – Paul Ferrier, dramatist (died 1928)
• 21 May – Édouard-Henri Avril, painter and commercial artist (died 1928)
• 19 June – Charles-Edouard Lefebvre, composer (died 1917)
• 26 June – Paul Arène, poet and writer (died 1896)

• 13 July – Jean Marie Antoine de Lanessan, statesman and naturalist (died 1919)
• 17 August – Alexandre Lacassagne, physician and criminologist (died 1924)
• 29 August – Alfred Agache, painter (died 1915)
• 6 September – Yves Guyot, politician and economist (died 1928)
• 13 September – Louis Duchesne, priest, philologist, teacher and historian (died 1922)
• 21 September – Gabriel Paul Othenin de Cléron, comte d'Haussonville, politician and author (died 1924)
• 29 September – Jacques-Joseph Grancher, pediatrician (died 1907)
• 16 October – Émile Delahaye, automotive pioneer (died 1905)
• 12 December – Marcel Deprez, electrical engineer (died 1918)

• Paul Adolphe Marie Prosper Granier de Cassagnac, journalist and politician (died 1904)

• 4 January – Hippolyte de Bouchard, sailor and corsair (b. c. 1780)
• 11 January – Antoine Bournonville, ballet dancer, actor, singer and choreographer (born 1760)
• 2 March – François-Joseph-Philippe de Riquet, nobleman (born 1771)
• 30 April – Gaspard de Chabrol, prefect of the Seine (born 1773)
• 24 May – Sylvestre François Lacroix, mathematician (born 1765)
• 7 June – Alexis Bouvard, astronomer (born 1767)
• 25 June – Marie Anne Lenormand, professional fortune-teller (born 1772)
• 12 August – Jean-Pierre Cortot, sculptor (born 1787)
• 4 September – Léopoldine Hugo, daughter of Victor Hugo (born 1824)
• 11 September – Joseph Nicollet, geographer and mathematician (born 1786)
• 19 September – Gaspard-Gustave Coriolis, mathematician, mechanical engineer and scientist (born 1792)
• 24 October – Antoine Berjon, painter and designer (born 1754)
• 11 December – Casimir Delavigne, poet and dramatist (born 1793)
• 26 December – Albert Gaspard Grimod, general and nobleman (born 1772)

• Claude Louis Séraphin Barizain, actor (born 1783)
• Casimir, Comte de Montrond, diplomatic agent (born 1768)
• Auguste Defauconpret, writer and translator (born 1767)
• Pierre-Philippe Thomire, sculptor (born 1751)