Symphony No. 39 (Haydn)

This article is about the symphony by Joseph Haydn. For the symphony by Michael Haydn, see Symphony No. 39 (Michael Haydn).
Portrait of Joseph Haydn by Ludwig Guttenbrunn, from c. 1770

Symphony No. 39 is a symphony in G minor (Hoboken 1/39) composed by Joseph Haydn, under the patronage of Prince Nikolaus Esterházy. Although the date of its composition is not certain, it is thought to have been written between May and September 1765, making it the earliest of Haydn's minor-key symphonies associated with his Sturm und Drang period[1] (see also Symphony No. 26 and Symphony No. 45).

Music

It is written for an orchestra consisting of two oboes, four horns (two in B♭ alto and two in G), and strings (violins divided into two, violas, cellos and double basses).[2]

There are four movements:

  1. Allegro assai, 4
    4
  2. Andante, 3
    8     in E♭ major
  3. Menuet & Trio, 3
    4
  4. Finale: Allegro di molto, 4
    4

The opening movement features a nervously excited main theme interrupted by frequent pauses. Felix Diergarten has specifically analysed the pauses in the first movement in the symphony, with respect to symphonic form of the time.[3] Both the first and second theme groups begin with the same two bars of melodic material.[4]

In contrast to the Sturm und Drang of the opening movement, A.P. Brown describes the Andante as "one of Haydn's most galant slow movements, with its small meter signature, sixteenth triplets, slides, weak resolutions, echoes, and generally thin texture".[4] The second movement is scored only for strings.[5]

The minor mode returns for the Menuet which is contrasted by a bright major-mode Trio which features high notes for the first horn.[4] The movement is in two-part counterpoint.[5] Douglas Townsend opined that this movement "wears a little thin" because of the two-part writing.[5]

The frenetic Sturm und Drang finale brings the symphony to an energetic conclusion, with significant changes in harmony and dynamics as well as wide melodic disjunct motion.[5]

Notes

  1. ^ Page, Ian (2020). "Symphony No 39 in G minor, Hob I:39 (Haydn) – from SIGCD636". Hyperion Records. Retrieved October 8, 2025.
  2. ^ HC Robbins Landon, Haydn: Chronicle and Works, 5 vols, (Bloomington and London: Indiana University Press, 1976– ) v. 2, Haydn at Eszterhaza, 1766–1790
  3. ^ Diergarten, Felix (March 2010). "Time Out of Joint — Time Set Right: Principles of Form in Haydn's Symphony No. 39". Studia Musicologica. 51 (1/2): 109–126. doi:10.1556/smus.51.2010.1-2.8. JSTOR 25746243.
  4. ^ a b c Brown, A. Peter, The Symphonic Repertoire (Volume 2). Indiana University Press (ISBN 025333487X), pp. 104–108 (2002).
  5. ^ a b c d Townsend, Douglas. Complete Symphonies - Volume XVI (12-inch LP phonograph record). Musical Heritage Society. OR H-216.

References

  • Robbins Landon, H. C. (1963) Joseph Haydn: Critical Edition of the Complete Symphonies, Universal Edition, Vienna


allikas: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symphony_No._39_(Haydn)