Ivan Steshenko

In this name that follows East Slavic naming customs, the patronymic is Matviiovych and the family name is Steshenko.
Ivan Steshenko
Іван Стешенко
Steshenko in the 1890s
Minister of Education
In office
28 June 1917[1] – 30 January 1918
Prime MinisterVolodymyr Vynnychenko
Preceded byPosition established
Succeeded byNykyfor Hryhoriiv
Personal details
Born24 June [O.S. 12 June] 1873
Poltava, Poltava Governorate, Russian Empire (now Ukraine)
Died1 August 1918(1918-08-01) (aged 45)
Poltava, Poltava Governorate, Ukrainian People's Republic
Manner of deathAssassination
Resting placeBaikove Cemetery
PartySocial-democratic club, Hromada, Society of Ukrainian Progressionists, USDRP
Spouse
​
(m. 1897)​
RelationsMykhailo Starytsky (father-in-law)
Mariia Starytska (sister-in-law)
Liudmyla Starytska-Cherniakhivska (sister-in-law)
Veronika Chernyakhivska (niece)
Children2 including,
Yaroslav Steshenko
Alma materSaint Vladimir Imperial University of Kiev, 1896
Occupation
Writing career
Pen nameI. Serdeshny
I. Sichovyk
I. Svitlenko
I. Stepura
Signature

Ivan Matviiovych Steshenko (Ukrainian: Іван Матвійович Стешенко; 24 June [O.S. 12 June] 1873 – 1 August 1918) was a Ukrainian politician, literary scholar, poet, writer, translator and member of the Shevchenko Scientific Society.[2] Steshenko's assassination was one of the first political murders in Ukraine.[3]

Biography

Founders of the Ukrainian academy of arts, 1917: Sitting: Abram Manevich, Oleksandr Murashko, Fedir Krychevsky, Mykhailo Hrushevsky, Ivan Steshenko, Mykola Burachek. Standing: Heorhiy Narbut, Vasyl Krychevsky, Mykhailo Boychuk.

Steshenko studied in Saint Vladimir Imperial University of Kiev from 1892 to 1896. At that time he was an active member of the Literary Hromada of Kiev. Steshenko was publishing his works in various Lviv periodicals: Pravda, Zoria, and Dzvinok. After graduating from the Department of History and Philosophy in 1896, he worked as a teacher in women's school, gymnasium. In politics he became influenced by Mykhailo Drahomanov and Mykola Kovalevsky. Later together with other activists such as Lesia Ukrainka he formed the Ukrainian social-democratic club (circle). At about that time he wrote his drama Mazepa. After all this he was put in prison in 1897 for four months, following exile from Kiev and prohibition of teaching. That forced him to go into intense writing. At that time he was preparing the Ukrainian dictionary, wrote a book about Kotliarevsky's work (1898), and its own poetry collections such as Khutorni Sonety (Farmstead sonnets, 1899) and Steppovi Motyvy (Steppe Motifs, 1900). He also was publishing various articles in the newspaper Kievskaya Starina.

Upon returning to Kiev, he became the leader of the Hromada society and worked closely with the Society of Ukrainian Progressionists. He also became a secretary of the Kiev Literary-Artistic Society before it was closed in 1905. At about that time he published the biography of Kotliarevsky (1902) and was co-publisher of a magazine Shershen (1905). After he was reinstated as a teacher in 1906, from 1907 to 1917 he was teaching literature in the First Commercial School in Kiev and Lysenko Music and Drama School. During that time he was also a secretary and a deputy-chairman of the Ukrainian Scientific Society. In 1913–14 he was an editor for the Kiev monthly periodical Siayvo, and in 1908 he published a history of Ukrainian drama.

After the October Revolution he was elected as the member of the Kiev Civic Executive Committee and the Tsentralna Rada. Steshenko also was one of the founders of the Society of School Education. Later he was appointed first as the Secretary and then as the Minister of Education. Steshenko also founded the State Academy of Arts.

Steshenko wrote under the pen names I. Serdeshny, I. Sichovyk, I. Svitlenko and I. Stepura.[2]

Out of his translations were works of Ovid, Friedrich Schiller, Alexander Pushkin, Lord Byron, and others.

Assassination

On the night of either 29 July or 30 July 1918, Steshenko and his son Yaroslav Steshenko travelled from Kyiv to Poltava.[3] Arriving at Poltava-Kyivska railway station, and unable to find a coachman, the pair decided to walk to their destination.[3] Whilst walking Steshenko and his son were accosted by two unknown assailants who fatally shot Steshenko twice in the head before fleeing the scene.[3][2] Steshenko died from his injuries on the 1 August 1918.[3][2][4]

Steshenko's assassination was one of the first political murders in Ukraine.[3] Steshenko was buried in the Baikove Cemetery in Kiev.[3][2]

On December 20, 1923, Serhiy Yefremov while on the way to Poltava wrote in his diary: "I just found out from Kost Ivanovych [Tovkach] scary details about the murder of Steshenko. He was charged to be killed by the regional Bolshevik organization of the Zinkiv Povit, and was executed by one of the members of the organization. His name's Bashlovka. The reason why Steshenko was sentenced to be executed is unknown."

Bolshevik involvement

Suspensions of Bolshevik involvement was later confirmed in 1941 when Steshenko's widow Oksana Steshenko and her sister Liudmyla Starytska-Cherniakhivska were arrested by the NKVD.[5][6][7] The arrest warrant for Oksana Steshenko noted that Steshenko had been assassinated by members of the Red Army.[3]

Personal life

In 1897, Steshenko married Oksana Steshenko, a children's writer, poet and playwright.[2][5][8] Together they had two children the bibliographer Yaroslav Steshenko and the actress Iryna Steshenko [uk].[2][6]

Through marriage Steshenko was the son-in-law of Mykhailo Starytsky and Sofiia Starytska [uk], and was the brother-in-law of Mariia Starytska and Liudmyla Starytska-Cherniakhivska.[2][5][6] Steshenko was the uncle of Veronika Chernyakhivska.

References

  1. ^ (in Ukrainian) 100 років тому Центральна Рада створила перший уряд України (інфографіка), Radio Free Europe (28 June 2017)
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h Senkus, Roman (2014). "Steshenko, Ivan M." Internet Encyclopedia of Ukraine. Edmonton, Alberta: Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies, University of Alberta. Retrieved 16 February 2026.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h "1873 – народився Іван Стешенко, перший міністр освіти УНР" [1873 – Ivan Steshenko, the first Minister of Education of the UNR, was born]. Historical calendar (in Ukrainian). Kyiv: Ukrainian Institute of National Memory. Retrieved 16 February 2026.
  4. ^ Мельник, Ярослава (21 December 2021). "Українотворець Ярослав Стешенко". Збруч (in Ukrainian). Lviv. Retrieved 23 February 2026.
  5. ^ a b c Міхно, Олександр Петрович (2025). "Січень – лютий 2025. Постаті" [January-February 2025. Figures] (PDF). Освіта і суспільство (in Ukrainian). 1 (82): 36–38. Retrieved 15 February 2026.
  6. ^ a b c "Steshenko, Oksana". Internet Encyclopedia of Ukraine. Edmonton, Alberta: Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies, University of Alberta. 2001. Retrieved 15 February 2026.
  7. ^ "1875 – народилася Оксана Стешенко (Старицька)" [1875 – Oksana Steshenko (Starytska) was born]. Historical calendar (in Ukrainian). Kyiv: Ukrainian Institute of National Memory. Retrieved 15 February 2026.
  8. ^ "Turning the pages back... August 29 1868" (PDF). The Ukrainian Weekly. Vol. 35. Jersey City, New Jersey. 28 August 1994. p. 6. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 March 2025. Retrieved 15 February 2026.
allikas: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Steshenko