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The Rivers Portal Introduction
A river is a natural freshwater stream that flows on land or inside caves towards another body of water at a lower elevation, such as an ocean, lake, or another river. A river may run dry before reaching the end of its course if it runs out of water, or only flow during certain seasons. Rivers are regulated by the water cycle, the processes by which water moves around the Earth. Water first enters rivers through precipitation, whether from rainfall, the runoff of water down a slope, the melting of glaciers or snow, or seepage from aquifers beneath the surface of the Earth.
Rivers flow in channeled watercourses and merge in confluences to form drainage basins, areas where surface water eventually flows to a common outlet. Rivers have a great effect on the landscape around them. They may regularly overflow their banks and flood the surrounding area, spreading nutrients to the surrounding area. Sediment or alluvium carried by rivers shapes the landscape around it, forming deltas and islands where the flow slows down. Rivers rarely run in a straight line, instead, they bend or meander; the locations of a river's banks can change frequently. Rivers get their alluvium from erosion, which carves rock into canyons and valleys.
Rivers have sustained human and animal life for millennia, including the first human civilizations. The organisms that live around or in a river such as fish, aquatic plants, and insects have different roles, including processing organic matter and predation. Rivers have produced abundant resources for humans, including food, transportation, drinking water, and recreation. Humans have engineered rivers to prevent flooding, irrigate crops, perform work with water wheels, and produce hydroelectricity from dams. People associate rivers with life and fertility and have strong religious, political, social, and mythological attachments to them. (Full article...)
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Scotch Run is one of the main tributaries of Catawissa Creek in Columbia County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is approximately 7.8 miles (12.6 km) long and flows through Beaver Township and Main Township. The stream's watershed has an area of 9.10 square miles (23.6 km2). The stream is infertile and acidic. It is 7.2 feet (2.2 m) wide in its upper reaches and 17.0 feet (5.2 m) wide in its lower reaches. The main rock formations in the watershed include the Mauch Chunk Formation, the Pocono Formation, the Pottsville Formation, and the Spechty Kopf Formation. The main soils include Leck Kill soil and Hazleton soil. It flows between Nescopeck Mountain and McCauley Mountain.
Nearly all of Scotch Run's length is within 1,640 feet (500 m) of a road. However, most of its length is not within 328 feet (100 m) of one. Part of Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 58 is in the watershed and ephemeral natural pool system is located near the stream. The area in the vicinity of the stream was settled relatively late compared to the surrounding areas. The Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission carried out a survey of the creek in 1977. Scotch Run is designated as a Coldwater Fishery and a Migratory Fishery. In 1997, three species of fish were observed in the upper reaches of the stream, while eight species were observed in the lower reaches. Both reaches contained brown trout and brook trout. There is a hemlock-mixed hardwood palustrine forest along the stream. (Full article...)
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The Skjálfandafljót at Route 1 in northern Iceland. In the background is the waterfall of Goðafoss
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A pensive Cooplacurripa River, NSW (from River ecosystem) -
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This stream operating together with its environment can be thought of as forming a river ecosystem. (from River ecosystem) -
The brook trout is native to small streams, creeks, lakes, and spring ponds. (from River ecosystem) -
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Co-occurrence network of a bacterial community in a stream (from River ecosystem) -
Leaf litter is an allochthonous energy source. (from River ecosystem) -
Pondweed is an autochthonous energy source. (from River ecosystem) -
Devil's Throat Cave subterranean river from above (from Subterranean river) -
A subterranean river in the Cross Cave system of Slovenia. (Scale shown by people in photograph.) (from Subterranean river) -
Anthropogenic influences on river systems. Examples are mainly from settings with a modest technological influence, especially in the period of about 10,000 to 4000 cal yr BP. (from River ecosystem) -
A whitewater canoe with yellow air bags. (from Whitewater) -
Whitewater at Yosemite (from Whitewater) -
Flowing rivers can act as dispersal vectors for plant matter and invertebrates. (from River ecosystem) -
New Zealand longfin eels can weigh over 50 kilograms. (from River ecosystem) -
The Effra is one of the subterranean rivers of London. It empties into the Thames by Vauxhall Bridge, from which this photograph was taken. (from Subterranean river) -
Periphyton (from River ecosystem) -
The cave of source of the Buna can be entered by boat and dived through a cave system serving as an effluence of the Zalomka. (from Subterranean river) -
In Dante's Inferno, Charon ferries souls across the subterranean river Acheron. (from Subterranean river) -
Example of a river food web. Bacteria can be seen in the red box at the bottom. Bacteria (and other decomposers, like worms) decompose and recycle nutrients back to the habitat, which is shown by the light blue arrows. Without bacteria, the rest of the food web would starve, because there would not be enough nutrients for the animals higher up in the food web. The dark orange arrows show how some animals consume others in the food web. For example, lobsters may be eaten by humans. The dark blue arrows represent one complete food chain, beginning with the consumption of algae by the water flea, Daphnia, which is consumed by a small fish, which is consumed by a larger fish, which is at the end consumed by the great blue heron. (from River ecosystem) -
Rapids in Mount Robson Provincial Park (from River ecosystem) -
Common water hyacinth in flower (from River ecosystem) -
A forest stream in the winter near Erzhausen, Germany (from River ecosystem) -
Cascade in the Pyrénées (from River ecosystem) -
Rafting is a watersport where buoyancy aids, helmets and wetsuits are mandatory and often imposed by law, due to the constant risk of falling off the boat and into the rapids (from Whitewater) -
The Puerto Princesa cave can be entered by boat. (from Subterranean river) -
Map of the world showing elevation levels (from Upland and lowland) -
Different biofilm components in streams. Principal components are algae and bacteria. (from River ecosystem)
Did you know?
- ... that the Kettle Creek (pictured) watershed contains eight percent of the Class A Wild Trout Streams in Pennsylvania?
- ... that water from the Little Applegate River was used in the mine in Sterlingville, the largest hydraulic mine in Oregon and possibly the entire western United States?
- ... that there are at least 35 sources of acid mine drainage in the Mahanoy Creek watershed?
Related portals
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Topics
| Large-scale features | |
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| Alluvial rivers | |
| Bedrock river | |
| Bedforms | |
| Regional processes | |
| Mechanics | |
Subcategories
Quality content
Featured articles
Aliso Creek (Orange County)- Balch Creek
- Big Butte Creek
- Bull Run River (Oregon)
- Chetco River
- Colorado River
- Columbia River
- Columbia Slough
- Fanno Creek
- Johnson Creek (Willamette River tributary)
- Jordan River (Utah)
- Little Butte Creek
- Plunketts Creek (Loyalsock Creek tributary)
- River Parrett
- Rogue River (Oregon)
- St. Johns River
- Tryon Creek
- Waterfalls in Ricketts Glen State Park
- White Deer Hole Creek
- Willamette River
Featured lists
Good articles
1886 St. Croix River log jam- Abrahams Creek
- Acelhuate River
- Adams River (British Columbia)
- River Avon, Bristol
- Big Wapwallopen Creek
- Black Creek (Susquehanna River tributary)
- Briar Creek (Susquehanna River tributary)
- Brunswick Falls
- Buffalo Creek (West Branch Susquehanna River tributary)
- Canajoharie Creek
- Catawissa Creek
- Celilo Falls
- Cem (river)
- Chollas Creek
- Cibolo Creek
- Clayton Falls Creek
- Covering of the Senne
- Darby Creek (Pennsylvania)
- Eddy Creek (Lackawanna River tributary)
- Esopus Creek
- Estuaries of Texas
- Everglades
- Fishing Creek (North Branch Susquehanna River tributary)
- Flushing River
- Fonteyn Kill
- Fossil Creek
- River Frome, Bristol
- Gowanus Canal
- Grande Ronde River
- Great Zab
- Hammersley Fork
- Harveys Creek
- Hudson River
- Hull Creek (Lackawanna River tributary)
- River Hull
- Hunlock Creek
- River Irwell
- Islais Creek
- Ithan Creek
- Jiloca (river)
- Kaweah River
- Kettle Creek (Pennsylvania)
- Keyser Creek
- Kings River (California)
- Kissena Creek
- Klamath River
- Kootenay River
- Laguna Canyon
- Leggetts Creek
- Little Applegate River
- Little Catawissa Creek
- Little Fishing Creek
- Little Wapwallopen Creek
- Mahanoy Creek
- Mahoning Creek (Susquehanna River tributary)
- Meadow Brook (Lackawanna River tributary)
- Merced River
- Messers Run
- Minetta Creek
- Minnehaha Park (Minneapolis)
- Missouri River
- Moston Brook
- Mud Creek (Chillisquaque Creek tributary)
- Muncy Creek
- Nanticoke Creek
- Neepaulakating Creek
- Nescopeck Creek
- Ombla
- Petitcodiac River
- Potlatch River
- River Arun
- River Brue
- River
- River Tone
- River Torrens
- River Weaver
- Roaring Brook (Lackawanna River tributary)
- Roaring Creek (Pennsylvania)
- River Rother, East Sussex
- River Rother, West Sussex
- San Juan Creek
- Santa Ana River
- Sava
- Saw Mill River
- Scotch Run (Catawissa Creek tributary)
- Severn bore
- Shickshinny Creek
- Shimna River
- Shinano River
- Snake River
- Solomon Creek
- Spring Brook (Lackawanna River tributary)
- Stafford Meadow Brook
- Stanislaus River
- Stikine River
- Stony Brook (Charles River tributary, Boston)
- Suiattle River
- Sulphur Creek (California)
- Tangascootack Creek
- Toby Creek
- Trinity River (California)
- River Trym
- Twomile Run
- Wainui Falls
- River Welland
- West Branch Fishing Creek
- West Creek (Pennsylvania)
- West Kill
- River Witham
- Yellala Falls
- Zarqa River
Things to do
- Join WikiProject Rivers
- Help select future pictures and articles.
- Add items to Did You Know?
- Add the portal link to the top of the See Also section of all relevant pages. This can be done by adding
{{Portal|Rivers}}immediately under the section header.
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