The year 586 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. In the Roman Empire, it was known as year 168 Ab urbe condita . The denomination 586 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

• Some sources give 586 BC for the destruction of Jerusalem by King Nebuchadnezzar II of Babylon as an alternative to 587 BC.

• Duke Dao of Jin, ruler of the State of Jin (d. 558 BC)

• King Ding of Zhou, king of the Zhou dynasty of China