Rosenzweig, or Rosensweig is a German surname meaning "rose twig or branch". Notable people with the surname include:
- Alyssa Rosenzweig, software developer
- Barney Rosenzweig (born 1937), American television producer
- Cynthia E. Rosenzweig, American scientist and climatologist
- Dan Rosensweig, American business executive
- Ferdinand von Rosenzweig, Austrian military officer
- Franz Rosenzweig (1887–1929), German philosopher
- Gerson Rosenzweig (1861–1914), writer and poet
- Harry Rosen (born 1931, originally Rosenzweig), Canadian menswear storefounder
- Jake Rosenzweig (born 1989), American racing driver
- Joseph "Joe 'The Greaser'" Rosenzweig, American racketeer
- Luc Rosenzweig (1943-2018), French journalist
- Mark Rosenzweig (1922-2009), brain scientist
- Michael Rosensweig (born 1955), rabbi
- Michael Rosen, British poet and children's storyteller
- Michael Rosenzweig, American ecologist
- Peggy Rosenzweig, American politician
- Rachel Zoe Rosenzweig, American fashion stylist
- Roy Rosenzweig (1950–2007), American historian
- Saul Rosenzweig (1907–2004), American psychologist and therapist
- Viktor Rosenzweig (1914–1941), Croatian communist, poet and writer
Other uses
- Buber-Rosenzweig-Medal, an annual prize for Christian-Jewish relations, named after Franz Rosenzweig
- Chaim Rosenzweig, a fictional character in the Left Behind novels
- The Sisters Rosensweig, a play by Wendy Wasserstein