Zaoyang (simplified Chinese: 枣阳; traditional Chinese: 棗陽; pinyin: Zǎoyáng) is a city in the north of Hubei province, People's Republic of China, bordering Henan province to the north. Administratively, it is a county-level city under the administration of Xiangyang. At the 2020 census its population was 888,794 inhabitants even though its built-up (metropolitan) area is much smaller.[4]
History
Remains dating back to the Warring States period (771 - 221 BCE) have been found near Zaoyang.[5]
In 221 BCE, following the unification of China, Emperor Qin Shi Huang implemented the commandery-county system and established Caiyang County (蔡阳县) within the present-day jurisdiction of Zaoyang, under the administration of Nanyang Commandery.[6]
In the first year of the Renshou era (601 CE), to avoid the taboo of Crown Prince Yang Guang’s name, Guangchang County (广昌县) was renamed Zaoyang County and placed under the jurisdiction of Chongling Commandery (舂陵郡).[6]
In the 26th year of the Kaiyuan era (738 CE), Zaoyang County was divided, and Tangcheng County (present-day Tangxian Town, Suizhou) was established. From this point, the territorial boundaries of Zaoyang were largely finalized.[6]
In the second year of the Republic of China (1913), the prefectural system (府制) was abolished, and Zaoyang County was placed directly under Hubei Province.[6]
In the third year of the Republic of China (1914), provinces were subdivided into circuits (道), and Zaoyang was initially placed under Ebei Circuit before being reassigned to Xiangyang Circuit.[6]
In the 16th year of the Republic of China (1927), the Nationalist Government in Nanjing abolished the circuit system, making Zaoyang County directly administered by Hubei Province.[6]
In the 21st year of the Republic of China (1932), the provincial government established inspectorate districts (督察区), and Zaoyang County came under the jurisdiction of the Eighth Administrative Inspectorate Office of Hubei Province (present-day Xiangyang).[6]
Zaoyang was the site of two major battles during the Second Sino-Japanese War, the Battle of Suixian-Zaoyang and the Battle of Zaoyang-Yichang.
In November 1945, the Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) captured Zaoyang and briefly established a county-level people's government, which was disbanded the following month due to military redeployment.[6]
In December 1947, after the PLA recaptured Zaoyang, the county was temporarily divided along the Xianghua Highway (now National Highway 316), with the northern part designated as Zaoyang County and the southern part split into Suizao County and Xiangzaoyi County.[6]
In October 1949, Zaoyang County was placed under the jurisdiction of the Xiangyang Administrative Office of Hubei Province.[6]
In July 1955, following the abolition of Hongshan County, Qingtan and Pinglin were re-incorporated into Zaoyang.[6]
In 1981, Zaoyang County came under the administration of the Xiangyang Prefectural Office.[6]
In October 1983, under the county-administered-by-city system (市管县体制), Zaoyang County was placed under the jurisdiction of Xiangfan City.[6]
In January 1988, the State Council of the People's Republic of China approved the change of Zaoyang from a county to a city, which continues to this day under the jurisdiction of Xiangyang City.[6]
Geography and climate
Zaoyang's administrative area spans in latitude 31° 40'−32° 40' N, or 78 kilometres (48 mi) and in longitude 112° 30'−113° 00' N, or 65 kilometres (40 mi).
Zaoyang has a monsoon-influenced, four season humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cwa), with cold, damp (but comparatively dry), winters, and hot, humid summers. Monthly daily averages range from 2.7 °C (36.9 °F) in January to 27.6 °C (81.7 °F) in July, with an annual mean temperature of 15.9 °C (60.6 °F). Precipitation peaks from May to August. The city receives an average 2,100 hours of sunshine per year.
| Climate data for Zaoyang, elevation 126 m (413 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1971–2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 20.3 (68.5) |
25.1 (77.2) |
30.8 (87.4) |
35.6 (96.1) |
36.9 (98.4) |
38.8 (101.8) |
40.7 (105.3) |
39.0 (102.2) |
39.3 (102.7) |
33.4 (92.1) |
29.1 (84.4) |
21.0 (69.8) |
40.7 (105.3) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 7.7 (45.9) |
11.0 (51.8) |
16.3 (61.3) |
22.8 (73.0) |
27.6 (81.7) |
31.0 (87.8) |
32.5 (90.5) |
31.7 (89.1) |
27.8 (82.0) |
22.6 (72.7) |
16.0 (60.8) |
9.9 (49.8) |
21.4 (70.5) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 2.9 (37.2) |
5.9 (42.6) |
10.9 (51.6) |
17.1 (62.8) |
22.2 (72.0) |
26.2 (79.2) |
28.1 (82.6) |
27.2 (81.0) |
22.9 (73.2) |
17.4 (63.3) |
11.0 (51.8) |
5.1 (41.2) |
16.4 (61.5) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −0.5 (31.1) |
2.0 (35.6) |
6.8 (44.2) |
12.6 (54.7) |
17.7 (63.9) |
22.2 (72.0) |
24.7 (76.5) |
23.7 (74.7) |
19.2 (66.6) |
13.6 (56.5) |
7.3 (45.1) |
1.6 (34.9) |
12.6 (54.7) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −15.1 (4.8) |
−9.2 (15.4) |
−4.5 (23.9) |
−0.5 (31.1) |
5.6 (42.1) |
12.9 (55.2) |
17.3 (63.1) |
14.6 (58.3) |
9.6 (49.3) |
−0.6 (30.9) |
−5.4 (22.3) |
−11.6 (11.1) |
−15.1 (4.8) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 18.9 (0.74) |
24.9 (0.98) |
40.5 (1.59) |
64.9 (2.56) |
89.3 (3.52) |
124.5 (4.90) |
168.4 (6.63) |
115.1 (4.53) |
72.3 (2.85) |
60.2 (2.37) |
37.0 (1.46) |
15.6 (0.61) |
831.6 (32.74) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 5.9 | 7.2 | 8.5 | 8.9 | 10.9 | 10.2 | 11.8 | 11.3 | 9.3 | 9.3 | 7.9 | 5.8 | 107 |
| Average snowy days | 4.4 | 3.2 | 1.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.8 | 2.4 | 12.1 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 70 | 69 | 68 | 69 | 68 | 71 | 77 | 77 | 74 | 70 | 71 | 69 | 71 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 95.8 | 106.5 | 142.9 | 168.2 | 171.8 | 164.6 | 184.8 | 181.5 | 147.2 | 138.3 | 121.9 | 110.7 | 1,734.2 |
| Percentage possible sunshine | 30 | 34 | 38 | 43 | 40 | 39 | 43 | 45 | 40 | 40 | 39 | 36 | 39 |
| Source 1: China Meteorological Administration[7][8] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Weather China[9] | |||||||||||||
Administrative divisions
Three subdistricts:[1][10][11]
Twelve towns:
- Juwan (琚湾镇), Qifang (七方镇), Yangdang (杨垱镇), Taiping (太平镇), Xinshi (新市镇), Lutou (鹿头镇), Liusheng (刘升镇), Xinglong (兴隆镇), Wangcheng (王城镇), Wudian (吴店镇), Xiongji (熊集镇), Pinglin (平林镇)
Other areas:
Transport
Zaoyang is served by the Hankou–Danjiangkou Railway.
Notable people
- Emperor Guangwu of Han, creator of the Eastern Han dynasty, born in Zaoyang in 5 BCE.
- Nie Haisheng, Flight Engineer of China's 2005 Shenzhou 6 crewed spacecraft expedition, born in Zaoyang in 1964.
References
- ^ a b c 枣阳市历史沿革 [Zaoyang City Historical Development] (in Simplified Chinese). XZQH.org. 6 August 2014. Retrieved 8 September 2018.
1996年，枣阳市面积3272平方千米，{...}杨垱镇{...}2010年第六次人口普查，枣阳市常住总人口其中：1004741人，北城街道74143人，南城街道137934人，环城街道51994人，琚湾镇66773人，七方镇85860人，杨当镇65941人，太平镇81251人，新市镇48362人，鹿头镇55667人，刘升镇34045人，兴隆镇54837人，王城镇40964人，吴店镇80714人，熊集镇41802人，平林镇25163人，枣阳经济开发区44146人，随阳农场6883人，车河农场8262人。
- ^ a b Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, ed. (2019). China Urban Construction Statistical Yearbook 2017. Beijing: China Statistics Press. p. 66. Retrieved 11 January 2020.
- ^ "China: Húbĕi (Prefectures, Cities, Districts and Counties) - Population Statistics, Charts and Map". www.citypopulation.de. Retrieved 22 April 2018.
- ^ "Zăoyáng Shì (County-level City, China) - Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location". www.citypopulation.de. Retrieved 2024-11-22.
- ^ "Chinese dig unearths secrets of general with nine tombs". The Guardian. 14 January 2003. Retrieved 19 October 2024.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n "枣阳市人民政府-历史沿革".
- ^ 中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 11 June 2023.
- ^ 中国气象数据网 (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 28 May 2023.
- ^ 枣阳 - 气象数据 -中国天气网 (in Chinese). Weather China. Retrieved 2011-11-27.
- ^ 行政区划 [Administrative Divisions] (in Simplified Chinese). Zaoyang People's Government. Retrieved 8 September 2018.
航天英雄聂海胜的家乡──枣阳，是湖北省西北部一颗璀璨的明珠，连鄂豫望江淮，处 于我国南北过渡带上。版图面积3277平方公里，总人口110万，辖12个镇（鹿头、新市、太平、杨垱、七方、琚湾、熊集、吴店、平林、王城、兴隆、刘 升）、3个办事处（南城、北城、环城）、1个省级经济技术开发区（西城开发区）、2个农场管理区（车河、随阳）。
- ^ 2017年统计用区划代码和城乡划分代码：枣阳市 [2017 Statistical Area Numbers and Rural-Urban Area Numbers: Zaoyang City]. National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China. 2017. Retrieved 8 September 2018.
统计用区划代码 名称 420683001000 北城街道办事处 420683002000 南城街道办事处 420683003000 环城街道办事处 420683100000 琚湾镇 420683101000 七方镇 420683102000 杨当镇 420683103000 太平镇 420683104000 新市镇 420683105000 鹿头镇 420683106000 刘升镇 420683107000 兴隆镇 420683108000 王城镇 420683109000 吴店镇 420683110000 熊集镇 420683111000 平林镇 420683402000 枣阳经济开发区 420683500000 随阳农场 420683501000 车河农场
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