Austronesian language spoken in Sumatra, Indonesia
Simalungun, or Batak Simalungun, is an Austronesian language of Sumatra. It is spoken mainly in Simalungun Regency and Pematang Siantar, North Sumatra, Indonesia.
Phonology
| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ŋ | |||
| Plosive/ Affricate |
voiceless | p | t | k | ||
| voiced | b | d | dʒ | ɡ | ||
| Fricative | s | h | ||||
| Rhotic | r | |||||
| Lateral | l | |||||
| Approximant | w | j | ||||
/b, d/ can also have implosive allophones [ɓ, ɗ].
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i | u | |
| Mid | ɛ | ɔ | |
| Open | a |
Sounds /i, u, ɛ, ɔ, a/ can have allophones [ɪ, ʊ, e, o, ɑ].[2]
References
- ^ Simalungun at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ^ Bahren Umar, Siregar & Perlindungan; Husni, Chairul (2001). Fonologi Bahasa Simalungun. Jakarta: Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa.
External links
- Indonesian-Simalungun Dictionary
- David Goldsworthy's collection of Music of Indonesia and Malaysia archived with Paradisec includes open access recordings in Batak Simalungun.
Western branches of Malayo-Polynesian languages | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Greater Barito * |
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| Sumatran * |
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| Lampungic | |||||||||
| Madurese | |||||||||
| Bali–Sasak –Sumbawa | |||||||||
| Isolates | |||||||||
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