Posener is a surname of German origin, a demonym for a person from the Polish city Poznań (German: Posen). Notable people with the surname include:

• Alan Posener (born 1949), British-German journalist
• Edith Head born Edith Claire Posener (1897–1981), American costume designer
• Jill Posener (born 1953), British photographer and playwright
• Joachim Posener (born 1964), Swedish financier and author
• Julius Posener (1904–1996), German architectural historian
• Nicola Posener [de] (born 1987), British actress; see Ninjak
• Paule Posener-Kriéger (1925–1996), French Egyptologist
• Zara Posener (born 1984), British actress

• Posner
• Posen