Phenuiviridae is a family of negative-strand RNA viruses in the order Hareavirales.[1] Ruminants, camels, humans, and mosquitoes serve as natural hosts. Until 2011, member genus Phlebovirus was the only genus of the family with viruses causing disease in humans (e.g. Rift Valley fever virus)[2][scientific citation needed] except Dabie bandavirus.[3]
Virology
Structure
Members of Phenuiviridae are enveloped viruses with helical capsid morphology. Envelope glycoproteins of these viruses are distributed with icosahedral symmetry (T=12).[2][time needed]
Genome
Phenuiviridae is a negative-sense single-stranded RNA virus family.[4] Its genome is segmented into three pieces: L segment (encoding RNA-dependent RNA polymerase), M segment, and S segment.[1]
Some members of the family have ambisense gene encoding on the S segment (nucleocapsid proteins). The M segment includes envelope glycoproteins encoded in a polyprotein that is cleaved by host proteases.[5] Multiple different proteins can be encoded on the M segment due to leaky scanning by the ribosome.[2]
Life cycle
RNA transcripts are capped through cap snatching, but not polyadenylated.[5] Translation is terminated by a hairpin sequence at the end of each RNA transcript.[2]
Taxonomy
The family contains the following genera:[6]
See also
References
- ^ a b "History of the taxon: Family: Phenuiviridae (2024 Release, MSL #40)". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Retrieved 19 March 2025.
- ^ a b c d "Phenuiviridae ~ ViralZone".
- ^ Yu, Xue-Jie; Liang, Mi-Fang; Zhang, Shou-Yin; Liu, Yan; Li, Jian-Dong; Sun, Yu-Lan; Zhang, Lihong; Zhang, Quan-Fu; Popov, Vsevolod L.; Li, Chuan; Qu, Jing; Li, Qun; Zhang, Yan-Ping; Hai, Rong; Wu, Wei; Wang, Qin; Zhan, Fa-Xian; Wang, Xian-Jun; Kan, Biao; Wang, Shi-Wen; Wan, Kang-Lin; Jing, Huai-Qi; Lu, Jin-Xin; Yin, Wen-Wu; Zhou, Hang; Guan, Xu-Hua; Liu, Jia-Fa; Bi, Zhen-Qiang; Liu, Guo-Hua; Ren, Jun; Wang, Hua; Zhao, Zhuo; Song, Jing-Dong; He, Jin-Rong; Wan, Tao; Zhang, Jing-Shan; Fu, Xiu-Ping; Sun, Li-Na; Dong, Xiao-Ping; Feng, Zi-Jian; Yang, Wei-Zhong; Hong, Tao; Zhang, Yu; Walker, David H.; Wang, Yu; Li, De-Xin (21 April 2011). "Fever with Thrombocytopenia Associated with a Novel Bunyavirus in China". New England Journal of Medicine. 364 (16): 1523–1532. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1010095. PMC 3113718. PMID 21410387.
- ^ "Phenuiviridae".
- ^ a b Tercero, Breanna; Terasaki, Kaori; Nakagawa, Keisuke; Narayanan, Krishna; Makino, Shinji (October 2019). "A strand-specific real-time quantitative RT-PCR assay for distinguishing the genomic and antigenomic RNAs of Rift Valley fever phlebovirus". Journal of Virological Methods. 272: 113701. doi:10.1016/j.jviromet.2019.113701. PMC 6698219. PMID 31315022.
- ^ "Virus Taxonomy: 2024 Release". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Retrieved 19 March 2025.