Peterka is a Slavic surname, literally a given name, a diminutive of Peter. Notable people include:
- Carol Peterka (born 1963), American handball player
- JJ Peterka (born 2002), German ice hockey player
- Martin Peterka (born 1995), Czech basketball player
- Primož Peterka (born 1979), Slovenian ski jumper
- Rostislav Peterka (born 1949), Czech-Argentine rower
- Tobias Peterka (born 1982), German politician
Surnames associated with the given name Peter | ||
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| Baltic |  | |
| Celtic | ||
| Germanic | ||
| Hellenic | ||
| Romance | ||
| Slavic |
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| Other | ||