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Michael defeats Satan
Archangel Michael defeating the Archdemon Satan.

This is a list of angels in religion, theology, astrology and magic, including both specific angels (e.g., Gabriel) and types of angels (e.g., seraphim).

List

Groups

Name Alternate Names Role(s)/Domain(s) Religion(s)
Bene Elohim Sons of God Judaism, Christianity
Chalkydri Kalkydra Carriers of the Sun's heat[1] Judaism, Christianity
Cherubim [note 1] Judaism, Christianity, Islam
Dominions Kyriotetes Governors of the movements of celestial bodies[2] Judaism, Christianity
Fallen angels Judaism, Christianity
Hamalat al-Arsh Bearers of the Throne Bearing the throne of God Islam
Mu’aqqibat Hafaza Islam
Kiraman Katibin Recorders of human thoughts, acts and feelings Islam
Ophans [note 1] Ophanim (plural), galgalim (plural), sometimes identified as Thrones Wheels of the Heavenly Chariot (Merkabah) Judaism, Christianity
Powers Authorities Judaism, Christianity
Principalities Judaism, Christianity
Recording angels Record-keepers
Seraph [note 1] Seraphim (plural) Judaism, Christianity, Islam
Song-Uttering Choirs Multiple domains, as they are composed of multiple orders Judaism
Tennin Japanese Buddhism
Thrones Sometimes identified as Ophanim Judaism, Christianity
Virtues Controlling the elements. Judaism, Christianity
Watcher Grigori Various Judaism, Christianity

Individual angels

Name Alternate Names Name meaning Role(s)/Domain(s) Type Religion(s)
Abatur Abatur Rama, Abatur Muzania, Ancient of Days, Third Life, Yawar, Bhaq Ziwa 'Father of the excellencies' Father of the Uthras Uthra Mandaeism
Abaddon Apollyon 'Destroyer' Angel of Death; Lord of the bottomless pit Thrones, Watcher, Archangel Judaism, Christianity, Islam
Abdiel 'Servant of El'/El's servant Christianity
Adathan Guardian of the "first river", stands at the Gate of Life Uthra Mandaeism
Adriel Advachiel 'Flock of God'

'My help is God, of God's flock'

Angel of Sagittarius Guardian Angel, Archangel Christianity, Judaism
Agiel Zazel The Intelligence Angels of all kinds, Guardian Angel of Saturn Archangel, Seraph Christianity, Judaism, Islam
Ananiel 'Rain of God', 'Cloud of God', 'Storm of God' Angel of water, guard of the gates of the South Wind[3] Watcher Christianity
Anush Teacher of John the Baptist, miracle worker in Jerusalem Uthra Mandaeism
Arakiel Araciel, Arakiba, Araqael, Araqiel, Arkas, Arkiel, Arqael, Sarquael
Aretstikapha
'Earth of God', 'the Land of the Mighty One', 'The Mighty Land'
'World of distortion'
Teacher of the "signs of the earth" (geomancy) Watcher, Archangel Christianity, Judaism
Arariel Azariel Angel of rivers, waters of the earth, cure of stupidity Judaism
Ariel Lioness of God, Angel of nature elements Archangel Christianity, Judaism
Armaros Armoni, Armoniel 'Curse of God'/God has cursed, 'Cursed one' Angel of deceit Watcher Christianity, Judaism
Artiya'il Removes human grief, sadness and anxiety Islam
Asbeel 'Deserter/Forsaker of God'/'God has deserted/forsaken' Angel of destruction, one of the five Watcher satans Fallen angel, Watcher Christianity
Azazel Azazil (Arabic), Lucifer (Christianity),

sometimes identified with Samael (Judaism)

'Strength of God', 'God's Ruggedness'
'God's scapegoat', 'God has sent away', 'God's Abandoned'
(Domains of Samael may also apply to) Archangel, Cherub, Watcher, Ancestor of All-Jinns, Al-Wazrul Jannah. Christianity, Islam, Judaism, Yazdânism
Azrael Malʾak al-Mawt (Arabic) 'Help from God' Psychopomp The Death Islam, Early Christianity
Barachiel 'God has blessed' Guardian Angels Archangel, chief of the guardian angels Christianity, Judaism
Baraqiel Baraqel, Baraqijal 'Lightning of God' Thunderstorm/Lightning, Teacher of astrology Watcher, Archangel Christianity, Judaism
Barbiel Barbuel, Barubiel Thunderstorm/Lightning, chief of the Fallen Angel[citation needed] Archangel Christianity, Judaism
Beburos One of nine Angels of the end of Earth Archangel[citation needed] Christianity, Judaism, Islam
Bezaliel 'Shadow of God'/God's Shadow Watcher Christianity, Judaism
Bihram Rabba Presides over the masbuta, or baptism ritual Uthra Mandaeism
Camael Cameel, Camiel, Caniel, Kamael, Kemuel, Khamael Angel of Strength, Courage, and Compassion; leader of the Powers Archangel, one of the Dominions[citation needed] Christianity, Judaism
Cambiel Cafziel, Cafzyel, Caphziel Angel of Transformation, Metaphysics and a guardian Angel with a watcher named Tamiel Archangel, one of the Principalities Christianity, Judaism, Orthodox Christianity [citation needed]
Cassiel Cassael, Casziel, Kasiel 'God is my wrath', 'God is my leap' Angel of Solitude and Tears Archangel Christianity, Islam, Judaism
Chamuel Qafsiel, Qaphsiel, Qaspiel, Qephetzial, Quaphsiel Angel of Serenity and Devotion Archangel Orthodox Christianity,[citation needed] Islam, Christianity
Chazaqiel 'Cloud of God'/'God's Cloud, 'Shooting Star of God'/'God's Shooting Star Angel of the skies, Teacher of meteorology Watcher Christianity, Judaism
Dadrail Archangel (in Yazdanism) Islam,[4] Yazdânism
Daniel Dânêl 'God has judged' Teacher of the "signs of the sun" Watcher Christianity, Judaism
Daveithai Luminary Sethianism
Dumah 'Silence' Angel of silence and of the stillness of death, the wicked dead Islam, Judaism
Eleleth Luminary Sethianism
Etinsib Ziwa 'Splendid Transplant' Starts battle against Nbaṭ Uthra Mandaeism
Gabriel Jibreel (Arabic), sometimes Melek Taus 'Man of God' Messenger, General of Military, Leader of All-Angels (in Islam), Destruction (in Judaism), God's Left Hand, Ruhul Quddus (in Islam), Ruhul Amin (in Islam), Seven Mysteries (Yazidism) Archangel, Cherubim[citation needed], one of the Seraphim[citation needed] Christianity, Islam, Judaism, Yazdânism, Yazidism
Gadreel Gadriel, Gadrel 'Wall of God', 'the helper of God' One of the five Watcher satans Cherubim, Watcher Christianity, Judaism
Gamaliel 'Recompense of God' Angel of protection and strength, Angel of Cherubs Cherubim, Archangel Christianity, Judaism
Gubran Gubran Uthra Helps Nbaṭ lead a rebellion against Yushamin and his 21 sons Uthra Mandaeism
Hadraniel Hadrianiel 'Majesty of God'/'God is Majestic Gatekeeper of the Second Heavenly Gate[5] Gnosticism, Judaism
Hahasiah Principality Christianity, Judaism
Hamaliel Angel of Birth, Household and Harvest[citation needed]; leader of the Powers along with Archangel Gabriel as the subordinate [citation needed] Archangel Christianity, Judaism
Hanibal [citation needed] 'Grace of Baal'/'Baal is Gracious' Angel of the god Baal Hadad Ancient Mesopotamian religion
Haniel Anael, Aniel, Hanael 'Grace of God'/'God is Gracious'/'God is my grace' The Sephirah of Netzach; leader of the Principalities along with Archangel Netzach Archangel Christianity, Judaism
Harmozel Luminary Sethianism
Harut Angel of sorcery Angel Islam
Hashmal[6] 'Amber', 'Electricity' Dominions Christianity, Judaism
Hibil Ziwa Yawar Hibil Conquers the World of Darkness Uthra Mandaeism
Hofniel Archangel Judaism
Hutriel 'Rod of God' Angel of Punishment Angel Christianity, Judaism
Ieshim Angel of God, Fallen angel Islam, Judaism, Christianity
Imamiah Principality Christianity, Judaism
Israfil Israfel, Raphael (often associated) Signals the beginning of the Day of Judgment by blowing a horn three times Archangel Islam
Jegudiel Jehudiel, Jhudiel Responsibility and merciful love Archangel Christianity
Jehoel[7] Yahoel Angel of Fire[8] Restraining Leviathan,[9] Seraph Christianity, Judaism
Jequn[10] Yekun, Yaqum, Yeqon 'HE shall rise' One of the five Watcher satans, the ringleader who first tempted the other Watchers into having sexual relations with humans Watcher Christianity, Islam, Judaism
Jerahmeel Eremiel 'God shall have mercy' Archangel Christianity, Judaism
Jophiel Iophiel, Iofiel, Jofiel, Yofiel, Youfiel, Zophiel, Zuriel, Dina 'Beauty of God'/God is Beautiful, 'God is my watchman', 'God is my rock' Angel of Beauty, Art, Wisdom, Understanding, and Judgment; Metatron's companion[11] Archangel Christianity, Judaism
Kadkadael One of heaven's guardian angel who followed the gatekeeper Archangel, Guardian angel Yazdânism, Hinduism, Orthodox Islam
Kalka'il Gatekeeper of the Fifth Heaven Islam
Kepharel Archangel Judaism
Kerubiel Cherubiel 'The Flames Which Dance Around the Throne of God' the principal regent who has reign over the Cherubim since Creation, and is one of the most exalted princes of Heaven Cherub Judaism
Kokabiel Kabaiel, Kakabel, Kochab, Kochbiel, Kokbiel, Kokhabiel 'Star of God'/God's Star, 'angel of the stars' Teacher of constellations Watcher Christianity, Judaism
Kundaliel [citation needed] Archangel, Thrones Christianity, Judaism, Islam
Kushiel 'Rigid One of God' one of seven Angels of Punishment, punishes those in Hell Angel Christianity, Judaism
Lailah Laylah, Leliel 'Night' Angel of Night, Conception, and Pregnancy Judaism
Lucifer Helel (sometimes identified with Azazel or Samael), Yalal, Noctifer
Satan (Judaism), Devil (Christianity)
'Dawn-Bringer', 'Day Star', 'The Morning Star', 'Venus', 'Light-Bringer', 'Shining One', 'He who Laments' Tester of the faithful (Judaism), personification of evil (Christianity) Judaism, Christianity
Malik Angel of Hellfire; the chief of the angels of hell Islam
Macroprosopus Makiel, Machiel, Machkiel 'God of concealed form' Guardian angel of the Sixth Heaven Dominions Christianity, Judaism, Orthodox Christianity
Malakbel 'Messenger/Angel of Bel' Angel of the god Bel; god of the Sun Angel Ancient Canaanite religion
Manda d-Hayyi Yuzaṭaq 'Gnosis of Life', 'Knowledge of Life', 'Knower of the Life' Messenger to John the Baptist, bringer of manda (knowledge or gnosis) to Earth Uthra Mandaeism
Marfeil 'Healing' Appointed by Yawar Ziwa over the east to watch over Ur Uthra Mandaeism
Marut Angel of sorcery Angel Islam
Mastema 'hatred', 'hostility', 'enmity', 'persecution' Evil Angel of Disasters; chief of the Nephilim Naphil, angel Christianity, Judaism
Matriel Batariel 'Rain of God' Angel of rain, bringer of rainstorms Seraph, Archangel of the overseers throne Ancient Canaanite religion, Judaism, Orthodox Islam, Orthodox Christians
Mebahiah Principality Christianity, Judaism
Tawûsî Melek 'Peacock Angel' Lord of this World and Leader of the Heptad Archangel Yazidism, Yarsanism
Metatron[12] Mitatrush, Enoch (as human according to some)[13] 'keeper of the watch', 'to guard and protect', 'one who serves behind the throne', 'one who occupies the throne next to the throne of glory' The Celestial Scribe Archangel Islam, Christianity, Judaism
Michael Mi-ka-el (Hebrew), Mikhail (Arabic), Saint Michael the Archangel 'The One Who Is Like God' Second Command of Military (in Islam), Angel of Mercy (in Islam), Leader and General of The Heavenly Host (in Judaism and Christianity); Angel of Death (in Catholicism), God's Right Hand Archangel, Cherubim, one of the seraph[14] Christianity, Islam, Judaism, Yazdânism, Bahai faith
Mitzrael Internal reparation, security, intelligence Thrones, Archangel of the coastal region Christianity, Judaism
Moroni 'beloved, good, everything nice and desirable' The Golden Plates, Herald of the Second Coming of Jesus Christ Latter Day Saint movement (aka Mormonism)
Munkar 'The Denied' The Faith of the Dead Angel of Death Islam
Muriel Administration, Patron of travellers Dominions[15] Christianity
Nakir 'The Denier' The Faith of the Dead Angel of Death Islam
Nanael Principality Christianity, Judaism
Nbat Nbaṭ Rba, Nbaṭ Ziwa 'Sprout' King of Air, first great Radiance Uthra Mandaeism
Netzach 'eminence', 'everlastingness', 'perpetuity' Angel of Eternity Leader of the Principalities along with Archangel Haniel Christianity, Judaism
Nidbai Guardian spirit of the heavenly yardena (river) in the World of Light Uthra Mandaeism
Nithael Principality Christianity, Judaism
Nsab Nṣab Rba, Nṣab Ziwa 'Plant' Son of Yushamin; admonishes his father Yushamin over his rebellion Uthra Mandaeism
Nuriel 'God is my fire'/'God is my light' Hailstorms Judaism
Ophaniel Ofaniel Cherubim; sometimes listed as one of the Thrones Christianity, Judaism
Oroiael Luminary[16] Sethianism
Pahaliah 'God's Redeemer' Angel of theology, morals, virtuosity Thrones Christianity
Penemue 'The insider' One of the five Watcher satans Watcher Christianity, Judaism
Phanuel 'God has turned', 'The face of God' Repentance and hope Archangel Christianity, Judaism
Poyel Principality Christianity, Judaism
Pravuil Vretil God's scribe and record-keeper Archangel, recording angel Judaism
Ptahil Fourth Life, Gabriel 'God opened'/'God created' Creator of the material world Uthra Mandaeism
Puriel Pyriel, Puruel, Pusiel, Pyruel, Purel Examines the souls of those brought to heaven Judaism
Radueriel Heavenly treasuries of the books[17] Judaism
Raguel Akrasiel, Raguil, Rakul, Raquel, Rasuil, Reuel, Rufael 'God shall pasture' Angel of Justice; archangel of justice, fairness, harmony, vengeance, and redemption Archangel Christianity, Islam, Judaism
Ramiel Remiel 'God has thundered' Angel of divine visions and guiding of souls to heaven Archangel, Watcher Christianity, Judaism
Raphael Israfil (Arabic, often associated), Libbiel 'God has healed' All manners of healing (Christianity) Archangel, Seraph, leader of the Virtues Christianity, Islam, Judaism, Yazdânism
Raziel Gallizur 'God is my Mystery' Keeper of Secrets, Mysteries, and Magic Archangel Judaism
Rikbiel Cherub Christianity, Judaism
Sabriel Miracles Archangel Judaism
Sachiel Sachquiel, Shatqiel, Shataqiel, Sachquiel, Sikhael, Saquiel, Satquiel, Satquel, Sixael Wealth and Charity Archangel, Cherub Christianity, Judaism
Sahaquiel 'Ingenuity of God'/'God is Ingenuitous' Guardian of the fourth heaven Archangel Judaism
Sam Ziwa Sam Mana Smira Uthra Mandaeism
Samael Smal, Smil, Samil, or Samiel
Satan (Judaism), sometimes identified with Azazel or Lucifer
'Venom of God'/'God is Venomous', 'Severity of God'/'God is Severe' Death and fetching souls; Punisher of sinners; The chief of all the destroying angels
Head of satans
Archangel, Angel of Death, Fallen Angel Christianity, Judaism
Samyaza Semyaza 'I have seen'/'HE has seen', 'Gazer from the heavens' Leader of the Watchers Watcher Judaism, Manichaeism
Sandalphon Elijah (as human, according to some)[18] 'Co-brother' Protector of unborn children (some sources: "twin brother" of Metatron) Archangel Christianity, Islam, Judaism
Sarathiel Discipline and Penance Archangel Christianity
Sariel Sarakiel, Saraqael, Sauriel, Seriel, Souriel, Suriel, Suriyel, Suruel, Surufel, sometimes identified with Samael and Azrael 'God is my Ruler' Archangel, Watcher (according to some) Christianity, Islam[citation needed], Judaism, Gnosticism
Satan Lucifer (Christianity),

(the) Devil (Christianity), Beelzebub, sometimes identified as Samael (Judaism), Azazil/Iblis (Islam)

'accuser', 'adversary', 'to obstruct and object', 'prosecutor' Enemy of Jesus, lies, temptation, the Dragon, the ruler of demons (Christianity), Symbol of the lower nature of men (Baháʼí Faith) Fallen Angel, Archdemon Christianity, Judaism, Islam, Baháʼí Faith, Theistic Satanism, LDS movement
Sathariel 'Moon of God', 'Dawn of God' Watcher Christianity, Judaism
Saureil Ṣaureil Qmamir Ziwa Angel of Death Uthra Mandaeism
Schemhampharae 'The Explicit Name' A list of 72 angels of the 9 choir orders, with esoteric meaning related to the names of God Christianity, Judaism
Selaphiel Sealtiel, Selatiel 'I have asked God' Patron saint of prayer and worship Archangel Christianity
Seraphiel[19] 'Seraph of God/El' Angel of Silence; Chief of seraphim; Protector of Metatron Seraph Christianity, Judaism
Shamnail Archangel Yazdânism
Shamsiel Samsapeel, Shamshel, Shamshiel, Shashiel 'Sun of God'/'God is my Sun' Ruler of the Fourth Heaven Watcher Christianity, Judaism
Sheetil Teacher of John the Baptist, revealer of Mandaeism Uthra Mandaeism
Shihlun Opposition to the creation of the material world by Ptahil and his assistant uthras[20] Uthra Mandaeism
Shilmai Guardian spirit of the heavenly river Piriawis in the World of Light Uthra Mandaeism
Simat Hayyi 'Treasure of Life' Wife of Yawar Ziwa Uthra Mandaeism
Tamiel Kasdaye, Kasdeja, Kasyade 'God is Perfect'/'Perfection of God' One of the five Watcher satans Watcher, Fallen angel Christianity, Judaism
Tarwan Tarwan-Nhura Uthra Mandaeism
Temeluchus Temelouchus, Temlakos 'care-taking one' Care-taking of dead children killed by their parents Christianity
Turail Archangel Yazdânism
Turiel 'Rock of God'/'God is a rock', 'Mountain of God'/'God is a mountain' Watcher Christianity, Judaism
Urfeil Appointed by Yawar Ziwa over the east to watch over Ur Uthra Mandaeism
Uriel 'Flaming Light of God'/'El is my flaming light' Patron of the Arts Archangel, seraph[21] Christianity, Judaism
Uziel Archangel Judaism
Vasiariah[22] Dominions Christianity, Judaism
Vehuel Principality Christianity, Judaism
Verchiel 'Power of God'/'God is my power'/'God is powerful' Archangel of pride, grace and beauty Archangel, Leader of Principalities Christianity, Judaism, Islam
Wormwood 'Bitter Star' War Christianity
Yadathan Guardian of the "first river", stands at the Gate of Life Uthra Mandaeism
Yarhibol 'The Moon of Bel' 'Lord of the Springs; Angel of the god Baal Hadad Angel Ancient Canaanite religion
Yawar Ziwa Yawar Kasia, Yawar Rabba 'Dazzling radiance' Personification of light Uthra Mandaeism
Yomiel Jomjael, Yomyael 'Day of God' Watcher Christianity, Judaism
Yufin-Yufafin Uthra Mandaeism
Yukabar Yukabar-Kušṭa, Yukabar-Ziwa Helps Nbaṭ fight a rebellion against Yushamin Uthra Mandaeism
Yukašar Yukašar-Kana 'Source of Radiance' Portrayed as the son of Ptahil Uthra Mandaeism
Yurba Shamish, Adonai,[23] Yorabba[24] The fighter; often mentioned as engaging in conversation with Ruha Uthra Mandaeism
Yushamin Second Life Primal uthra Uthra Mandaeism
Zachariel[25] Zahariel, Zerachiel, Saraqael 'God has remembered' Archangel who leads souls to judgement Archangel Christianity
Zadkiel Hesediel, Tzadkiel,[25] Zadakiel, Zadchial, Zedekiel, Zedekul 'Righteousness of God'/'God is my Righteousness' Archangel of freedom, benevolence, mercy, and the Patron Angel of all who forgive Archangel, leader of the Dominions Christianity, Judaism
Zagagel Zathael, Nathanel, Akatriel 'Crown of God' archangel of messenger, protection, guardians, and the patron Angel of valor and bravery. Archangel, eastern leader of the Dominions Judeo Christian, Judaism, Yazdânism
Zaphkiel Tzaphkiel, Tzaphqiel, Zaphchial, Zaphiel, Zelel, Zadkiel (sometimes) 'Knowledge of God/'God's knowledge' Archangel, leader of the Thrones Christianity, Judaism
Zaqiel Zavebe 'Hidden by God'/'God has hidden', 'Protected by God'/'God has protected', 'Favored by El'/'El has favored' Watcher Christianity, Judaism
Zephaniel Chief of the Ishim[26] Archangel Judaism
Zephon Tiphereth[27] Judaism
Zihrun Zihrun-Uthra, Yusmir-Kana, Zihrun-Šašlamiel 'HE warned me', 'secured' Uthra of radiance, light, and glory [28] Uthra Mandaeism
Zuriel Guardian angel of the forest and nature Archangel, leader of the Virtues Christianity, Judaism, Islam

See also

Notes

  1. ^ a b c These beings are not always considered as angels.

References

  1. ^ Rutherford H. Platt, Jr. (1926) The Forgotten Books of Eden Jazzybee Verlag, 2012, ISBN 9783849621858 Entry: The Book of the Secrets of Enoch chapter XII, www.sacred-texts.com, accessed 18 November 2023
  2. ^ Kasten, Patricia (2013-12-09). "The angels in charge of nature". The Compass. Diocese of Green Bay.
  3. ^ Davidson, Gustav, A Dictionary of Angels, New York: The Free Press, 1971.
  4. ^ "Angels B, C, D, E (#D)". hafapea.com. Archived from the original on 2020-02-19. Retrieved 2011-10-12.
  5. ^ Davidson, Gustav (1967), A Dictionary of Angels, Including The Fallen Angels, p. 132, Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 66-19757
  6. ^ "Angels F, G, H, I, J (#H)". hafapea.com. Archived from the original on 2020-01-17. Retrieved 2016-08-18.
  7. ^ "Angels F, G, H, I, J (Jehoel)". hafapea.com. Archived from the original on 2020-07-28. Retrieved 2016-08-18.
  8. ^ Berith Menucha.
  9. ^ Apocalypse of Abraham. 10:10–14.
  10. ^ Cassels, Walter Richard (1874). Supernatural Religion: An Inquiry into the Reality of Divine Revelation. p. 103.
  11. ^ Davidson, Gustav (1971). A Dictionary of Angels: Including the Fallen Angels. Free Press. ISBN 978-0-02-907050-5.
  12. ^ "Angels K, L, M, N, O (Metatron)". hafapea.com. Archived from the original on 2019-09-27. Retrieved 2016-08-18.
  13. ^ "Targum Jonathan on Genesis 5:24". www.sefaria.org. Retrieved 2024-05-27.
  14. ^ "Angels K, L, M, N, O (Michael)". hafapea.com. Archived from the original on 2020-07-28. Retrieved 2016-08-18.
  15. ^ "AngelsmenuLtoR (#M)". hafapea.com. Archived from the original on 2020-02-18. Retrieved 2016-08-18.
  16. ^ Marvin Meyer; Willis Barnstone (June 30, 2009). "The Secret Book of John". The Gnostic Bible. Shambhala. Retrieved 2022-02-14.
  17. ^ 3 Enoch. Chapter 27.
  18. ^ Davidson, Gustav (1971). A Dictionary of Angels: Including the Fallen Angels. Free Press. ISBN 978-0-02-907050-5.
  19. ^ "Angels S, T, U (Seraphiel)". hafapea.com. Archived from the original on 2021-01-25. Retrieved 2016-08-18.
  20. ^ Drāšā ḏ-Yaḥyā [Book of John].
  21. ^ Van de Passe I, Crispijn. "The Seraphim – Archangel Uriel". colonialart.org. Retrieved 25 June 2019.
  22. ^ "AngelsmenuStoZ (#V)". hafapea.com. Archived from the original on 2020-01-16. Retrieved 2016-08-18.
  23. ^ Right Ginza. Book 18.
  24. ^ Gelbert, Carlos (2013). The Mandaeans and the Christians in the time of Jesus Christ: enemies from the first days of the church. Fairfield, N.S.W.: Living Water Books. ISBN 978-0-9580346-4-7. OCLC 853508149.
  25. ^ a b "AngelsmenuStoZ (#Z)". hafapea.com. Archived from the original on 2020-01-16. Retrieved 2016-08-18.
  26. ^ Masseket Azilut.
  27. ^ Isaac ha-Cohen of Soria. Treatise on the Left Emanation.
  28. ^ Qulasta prayers 2 and 3

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