Goldenberg is a surname of Jewish-Austrian or Jewish Romanian origin. Notable people with the surname include:
- Billy Goldenberg (1936–2020), American composer
- Carl Goldenberg (1907–1996), Canadian lawyer & politician
- Charles Goldenberg (1911–1986), American football player
- Chelli Goldenberg (born 1954), Israeli actress & writer & blogger
- Eddie Goldenberg (born 1948), Canadian political advisor
- Edward Goldenberg Robinson (1893–1973), American film actor (given name Emanuel Goldenberg; became Edward G. Robinson)
- Efrain Goldenberg (born 1929), Peruvian politician
- Grigory Goldenberg (1856–1880), Russian revolutionary
- Isidor Goldenberg (1870-?), Romanian actor & singer
- Larry Goldenberg (born 1953), Canadian medical researcher
- Michael Goldenberg (born 1965), American writer
- Richard Goldenberg (born 1947), French chess master
- Samuel Goldenberg (actor) (1883/1884–1945), actor in Yiddish theatre
- Samuel Löb Goldenberg (1807–1846), Austrian Hebraist and editor
- Suzanne Goldenberg, Canadian-born journalist
- William Goldenberg (born 1959), film editor
Other:
- Goldenberg scandal, a political scandal in Kenya involving the Goldenberg International company
- Goldenberg Candy Company, a subsidiary of the Just Born company