For each de jure and de facto sovereign state and dependent territory an article on elections in that entity has been included and information on the way the head of state , head of government , and the legislature is selected . Merged cells for "head of state" and "head of government " indicate the office is the same for that country ; merged cells for "lower house " and "upper house " indicate a unicameral legislature . The linked articles include the results of the elections . For a chronological order, see the electoral calendar .
A
B
C
D
E
Country
Head of state
Head of government
Legislature
Lower house
Upper house
Ecuador
Direct election[ 63]
Direct election[ 63]
Egypt
Direct election[ 64]
Appointment by president[ 64]
Direct election and appointments[ 64]
El Salvador
Direct election[ 65]
Direct election[ 65]
Equatorial Guinea
Direct election[ 66]
Appointment by president[ 66]
Direct election[ 66]
Direct election and appointments[ 66]
Eritrea
Election by legislature[ 67]
Direct and indirect election[ 67]
Estonia
Election by legislature and/or electoral college[ 68]
Appointment by president[ 68]
Direct election[ 68]
Eswatini
Monarchy[ 69]
Appointment by monarch[ 69]
Election by traditional local councils and appointments[ 69]
Election by lower house and appointments[ 69]
Ethiopia
Election by legislature[ 70]
Election by legislature[ 70]
Direct election[ 70]
Indirect election[ 70]
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
Country
Head of state
Head of government
Legislature
Lower house
Upper house
Macau
Election by election committee[ 128]
Election by election committee[ 128]
Direct election, indirect election, and appointments[ 128]
Madagascar
Direct election[ 129]
Election by lower house of legislature[ 129]
Direct election[ 129]
Indirect election and appointments[ 129]
Malawi
Direct election[ 130]
Direct election[ 130]
Malaysia
Election by the rulers of the Malay states[ 131]
Election by lower house of legislature[ 131]
Direct election[ 131]
Indirect election and appointments[ 131]
Maldives
Direct election[ 132]
Direct election[ 132]
Mali
Direct election[ 133]
Appointment by president[ 133]
Direct election[ 133]
Malta
Election by legislature
Appointment by president
Direct election
Marshall Islands
Election by legislature
Direct election
Mauritania
Direct election
Direct election
Indirect election
Mauritius
Election by legislature
Direct election
Mexico
Direct election
Direct election
Direct election
Micronesia
Election by legislature
Direct election
Moldova
Direct election
Direct election
Monaco
Monarchy
Direct election
Mongolia
Direct election
Direct election
Montenegro
Direct election
Direct election
Montserrat
Monarchy [ 134]
Election by legislature[ 134]
Direct election[ 134]
Morocco
Monarchy
Appointment by monarch
Direct election
Indirect election and election by functional groups
Mozambique
Direct election
Direct election
Myanmar
Election by legislature
Direct election and appointments
N
O
Country
Head of state
Head of government
Legislature
Lower house
Upper house
Oman
Monarchy[ 148]
Indirect election[ 148]
Appointments[ 148]
P
Q
Country
Head of state
Head of government
Legislature
Lower house
Upper house
Qatar
Monarchy[ 153]
Appointed by monarch[ 153]
Appointed by monarch[ 153]
R
Country
Head of state
Head of government
Legislature
Lower house
Upper house
Republic of China see Taiwan
Republic of the Congo
Direct election
Direct election
Indirect election
Romania
Direct election[ 154]
Appointed by president[ 154]
Direct election[ 154]
Russia
Direct election
Direct election
Indirect election and appointments
Rwanda
Direct election[ 155]
Appointment by president[ 155]
Direct election and appointments[ 155]
Indirect election and appointments[ 155]
S
T
U
V
Country
Head of state
Head of government
Legislature
Lower house
Upper house
Vanuatu
Election by electoral college[ 176]
Election by legislature[ 176]
Direct election[ 176]
Vatican City
Monarch elected by college of cardinals[ 177]
Appointment by monarch[ 177]
Appointment by monarch[ 177]
Venezuela
Direct election
Direct election
Vietnam
Election by legislature
Direct election
Virgin Islands
President of the United States[ 178]
Direct election[ 178]
Direct election
W
Country
Head of state
Head of government
Legislature
Lower house
Upper house
Wallis and Futuna
President of France[ 179]
Appointment by president[ 179]
Direct election[ 179]
Y
Country
Head of state
Head of government
Legislature
Lower house
Upper house
Yemen
Direct election[ 180]
Appointment by president[ 180]
Direct election[ 180]
Appointment by president[ 180]
Z
Country
Head of state
Head of government
Legislature
Lower house
Upper house
Zambia
Direct election[ 181]
Mostly direct election, some appointments[ 181]
Zimbabwe
Direct election[ 182]
Direct election[ 182]
Mix of direct and indirect election[ 182]
See also
References
^ a b "Useful Information" . Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Abkhazia. 2017. Retrieved 25 August 2017 .
^ a b Ramachandran, Sudha (10 September 2021). "What Role Will the Taliban's 'Supreme Leader' Play in the New Government?" . The Diplomat . Retrieved 5 July 2022 .
^ Jones, Seth G. (December 2020). "Afghanistan's Future Emirate? The Taliban and the Struggle for Afghanistan" . CTC Sentinel . 13 (11). Combating Terrorism Center . Archived from the original on 11 February 2022. Retrieved 7 July 2022 . an autocratic political system that eschews democracy
^ "Taliban sources – Afghan Taliban appoint Mansour as leader" . Reuters . Peshawar, Pakistan . 30 July 2015. Retrieved 7 July 2022 . The shura held outside Quetta unanimously elected Mullah Mansour as the new emir of the Taliban
^ Sayed, Abdul (8 September 2021). "Analysis: How Are the Taliban Organized?" . Voice of America . Retrieved 5 July 2022 .
^ a b c Albania . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b c d Algeria . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b c d American Samoa . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b c Andorra . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b Angola . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b c Anguilla . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b c d Antigua and Barbuda . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b Argentina . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ Armenia . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b c Aruba . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b c Australia . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b c d Austria . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b c Azerbaijan . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b c d Bahamas, The . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b c d Bahrain . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b c d Bangladesh . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b c Barbados . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b c d Belarus . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b c d Belgium . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b c d Belize . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b Benin . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b c d Bermuda . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b c d Bhutan . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b Bolivia . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b c d Bosnia and Herzegovina . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b c Botswana . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b c Brazil . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b c British Virgin Islands . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b Brunei . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b c Bulgaria . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b c Burkina Faso . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b c Burundi . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b c d Cambodia . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b c d Cameroon . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b c d Canada . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b c Cabo Verde . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b c Cayman Islands . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b Central African Republic . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ "Central African president names PM in decree: radio" . Reuters. 2 April 2016. Retrieved 3 September 2017 .
^ a b c Chad . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b Chile . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b c China . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b c Colombia . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b Comoros . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b c Cook Islands . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b Costa Rica . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b c Cote d'Ivoire . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b c Croatia . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b Cuba . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b c Curacao . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b Cyprus . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b c Czechia . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b c d Congo, Democratic Republic of the . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b c Denmark . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b c Djibouti . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b c Dominica . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b Dominican Republic . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b Ecuador . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b c Egypt . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b El Salvador . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b c d Equatorial Guinea . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b Eritrea . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b c Estonia . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b c d Swaziland . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b c d Ethiopia . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b c Falkland Islands . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b c Faroe Islands . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b c Fiji . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b c Finland . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b c d France . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b c French Polynesia . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b c d Gabon . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b Gambia, The . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b c Georgia . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b c d Germany . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b Ghana . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b c Gibraltar . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b c Greece . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b c Greenland . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b c d Grenada . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b c Guam . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b Guatemala . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b c Guernsey . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b c Guinea . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b c Guinea-Bissau . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b Guyana . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b Haiti . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ Charles, Jacqueline (22 February 2017). "A doctor with no political experience has been tapped to become Haiti's next prime minister" . The Miami Herald . Retrieved 8 September 2017 .
^ a b Honduras . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b c Hong Kong . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b c Hungary . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b c Iceland . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ Icelands Athingi is unicameral.
^ a b c d India . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b Indonesia . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b c Iran . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b c Iraq . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b c d Ireland . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b c d Isle of Man . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b Israel . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ "Basic Law: The Government (2001)" . Basic Law: The Government (2001) . Official Website of the Knesset. Retrieved 20 November 2018 .
^ a b c Italy . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b c d Jamaica . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b c Japan . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b c Jersey . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b c d Jordan . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b c d Kazakhstan . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b c Kenya . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b Kiribati . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b c Kosovo . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b c Kuwait . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b c Kyrgyzstan . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b c Laos . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b c Latvia . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b c Lebanon . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b c d Lesotho . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b c Liberia . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ Kingsley, Patrick (17 December 2015). "Libyan politicians sign UN peace deal to unify rival governments" . The Guardian . Archived from the original on 17 December 2015.
^ Libya . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b c Liechtenstein . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b c Lithuania . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b c Luxembourg . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b c Macau . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b c d Madagascar . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b Malawi . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b c d Malaysia . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b Maldives . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b c Mali . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b c Montserrat . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b c Namibia . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b Nauru . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b c d Nepal . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b c d Netherlands . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b c New Caledonia . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b c New Zealand . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b Nicaragua . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b c Niger . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b c Niue . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b c Norfolk Island . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ North Korea 's parliament elects the Head of State
^ a b c Macedonia . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b c Northern Mariana Islands . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b c Oman . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b c Papua New Guinea . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b c Pitcairn Islands . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ "Artigo 133.º, Constitution of the Portuguese Republic" . Assembly of the Republic . Retrieved 16 November 2022 .
^ a b c Puerto Rico . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b c Qatar . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b c Romania . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b c d Rwanda . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ "The Constitution of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic" (PDF) . Archived (PDF) from the original on February 27, 2021. Article 51: The Secretary-General of the Frente POLISARIO shall be ex officio the President of the Republic. He/she shall be elected by the General Congress of the Frente POLISARIO by secret and direct suffrage.
^ "The Constitution of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic" (PDF) . Archived (PDF) from the original on February 27, 2021. Article 53: The President of the Republic shall appoint the Prime Minister and shall terminate his/her functions.
^ "The Constitution of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic" (PDF) . Archived (PDF) from the original on February 27, 2021. Article 79: Members of the National Council shall be elected by direct and secret suffrage once between two Congresses.
^ a b c Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b c Saint Kitts and Nevis . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b c Saint Pierre and Miquelon . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b Saudi Arabia . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b c Sint Maarten . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b c Solomon Islands . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b c South Africa . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b c Sweden . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b c Timor-Leste . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b c Tokelau . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b c Turks and Caicos Islands . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b c Tuvalu . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b Uganda . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b c Ukraine . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b c United Arab Emirates . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b c d United Kingdom . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b United States . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b c Vanuatu . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b c Holy See . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b Virgin Islands . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b c Wallis and Futuna . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b c d Yemen . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b Zambia . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
^ a b c Zimbabwe . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency .
External links
Lists of elections and electoral calendars by year
Before 19th century 19th century by country 20th century by country 21st century by country 21st century by date
Supranational electoral calendar National electoral calendar Local electoral calendar