Czerny is a surname meaning "black" in some Slavic languages. It is one of many variant forms, including Czarny, Černý, Czernik, Cherney, and Čierny, among others.

Notable people with this surname include:

• Adalbert Czerny (1863–1941), German pediatrician, co-founder of modern pediatrics
• Carl Czerny (1791–1857), Austrian pianist, composer, and teacher
• Joseph Czerny (1785–1842), composer and pianist
• George Czerny (1766–1817), alternate name of Serbian political leader Karađorđe Petrović
• Halina Czerny-Stefańska (1922–2001), Polish pianist
• Henry Czerny (born 1959), Canadian actor
• Leander Czerny (1859–1944), Czech entomologist
• Ludwig Czerny (born 1941), German technician, film producer, and film director
• Marianus Czerny (1896–1985), German experimental physicist
• Michael Czerny (born 1946), Roman Catholic Cardinal
• Sabine Czerny, Bavarian primary school teacher
• Vincenz Czerny (1842–1916), German surgeon
• Zygmunt Czerny (1888–1975), Polish romance philologist

• Tibor Czerny, a character in the 1939 film Midnight
• Czerny, a dog owned by Kanako Sensei in the manga series Inubaka
• Noah Czerny, a character in The Raven Cycle book series by Maggie Stiefvater

• 6294 Czerny, minor planet
• Hofmann & Czerny (Hofmann-Wien), piano manufacturing company from Austria

• Cerney (disambiguation)
• Churney (disambiguation)