Carvajal (also spelled Carbajal) is a surname and place name of Sephardic Jewish origin. Notable people with the surname include:

• Ailem Carvajal Gómez (born 1972), Cuban composer and pianist
• Alfonso Carvajal (writer) (born 1958), Colombian writer and editor
• Andarín Carvajal (1875–1949), Cuban athlete
• Antonio Fernandez Carvajal (c.1590–1659), Portuguese Jewish merchant, and the first naturalized English Jew
• Beatriz Carvajal (born 1949), Spanish actress
• Bernardino López de Carvajal (1455–1523), Spanish cardinal
• Dani Carvajal (born 1992), Spanish footballer
• Francisco de Carvajal (1464–1548), Spanish military officer, conquistador, and explorer
• Francisco Fernández Carvajal (born 1938), Spanish priest in the Opus Dei Prelature and author of several books
• Francisco S. Carvajal (1870–1932), Mexican president in 1914
• Gaspar de Carvajal (c.1500–1584), Spanish Dominican missionary to the New World
• Hilda Pérez Carvajal (born 1945), Venezuelan biologist
• Iván Carvajal (born 1948), Ecuadorian poet, philosopher and writer
• José de Carvajal y Hué (1835–1899), Spanish lawyer, economist and politician
• José de Carvajal y Lancáster (1698–1754), Spanish statesman
• Juan Carvajal (cardinal) (1400–1469), Spanish cardinal
• Juan de Carvajal, Spanish conquistador, founder of El Tocuyo in 1545
• Luisa Carvajal y Mendoza (1566–1614), Spanish religious poet and writer
• Luis de Carvajal y de la Cueva (c. 1539–1595), Spanish-Portuguese adventurer, slave-trader and governor
  • Luis de Carvajal the Younger (c. 1566-1596), nephew of the above, wrote under the name José Lumbroso and was burned at the stake by the Spanish Inquisition in Mexico City for Judaizing
• Maria Lourdes Jimenez Carvajal (1944–2003), popularly known as Inday Badiday, a Filipino TV host and journalist
• Marcos Carvajal (1984–2018), Venezuelan baseball player
• Máximo Carvajal (1935–2006), Chilean comic book artist
• Melitón Carvajal (1847–1935), Peruvian naval officer
• Patricio Carvajal (1916–1994), Chilean admiral
• Rafael Carvajal (1818–1881), President of Ecuador in 1865
• Tomás José González-Carvajal (1753–1834), Spanish poet and statesman

• BAP Carvajal (FM-51), Peruvian frigate
• Carvajal Ministry, a Spanish government which served between 1746 and 1754 headed by José de Carvajal y Lancáster
• Carvajal syndrome, a type of skin condition
• Edmundo Carvajal Airport in Ecuador
• Carabajal (disambiguation)