Calendula arvensis is a species of flowering plant in the daisy family known by the common name field marigold. It is native to central and southern Europe, North Africa and the Middle East[3] and it is known across the globe as an introduced species.[4][5]
Calendula arvensis is an annual or biennial herb 10 to 50 cm (3.9 to 19.7 in) tall. The leaves are lance-shaped and borne on petioles from the slender, hairy stem. The inflorescence is a single flower head up to four centimeters wide with bright yellow to yellow-orange ray florets around a center of yellow disc florets. The fruit is an achene which can take any of three shapes, including ring-shaped, that facilitate different methods of dispersal.[6][7]
Achene
Calendula arvensis produce three types of achenes (fruits of the sunflower family), they are rostrate, cymbiform and annular. Rostrate and cymbiform are suitable for long-distance diffusion, because they have larger size and weight than annular, while annular is suitable for short-distance diffusion.[8]
References
- ^ Linnaeus, Carl (1763). Species plantarum (2 ed.). p. 1303.
- ^ "Calendula arvensis L." Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 23 March 2022.
- ^ "Calendula arvensis L. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
- ^ Flora of North America, Calendula arvensis Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. Ed. 2,. 2: 1303. 1763.
- ^ Altervista Flora Italiana, Fiorrancio dei campi Calendula arvensis (Vaill.) L. includes photos and European distribution map
- ^ Ruiz de Clavijo, E. (2005). The reproductive strategies of the heterocarpic annual Calendula arvensis (Asteraceae). Acta Oecologica 28:2 119-26.
- ^ Messina, Nino (2010). "Calendula arvensis". Actaplantarum. Archived from the original on 25 March 2015. Retrieved 21 January 2015.
- ^ Ruiz De Clavijo, E. (2005-09-01). "The reproductive strategies of the heterocarpic annual Calendula arvensis (Asteraceae)". Acta Oecologica. 28 (2): 119–126. doi:10.1016/j.actao.2005.03.004. ISSN 1146-609X.
External links
- Jepson Manual Treatment
- Calendula arvensis in the CalPhotos photo database, University of California, Berkeley