Barroso is a Portuguese and Spanish surname. Notable people with the surname include:
- Abelardo Barroso (1905–1972), Cuban singer
- Agustina Barroso (born 1993), Argentine footballer
- Alexandre Barroso (born 1963), Brazilian football manager
- Antonio Barroso y Sánchez-Guerra (1893–1982), Spanish general and politician
- Ary Barroso (1903–1964), Brazilian composer
- Eric Barroso (born 1990), Spanish footballer
- Francimar Barroso (born 1980), Brazilian mixed martial artist
- Francisco Manuel Barroso (1804–1882), 19th century Brazilian commodore
- Gustavo Barroso (1888–1957), Brazilian writer and politician
- Inezita Barroso (1925–2015), Brazilian folk singer
- Ismael Barroso (born 1983), Venezuelan boxer
- João Soares, full name João Barroso Soares (born 1949), Portuguese lawyer and politician
- José Barroso (born 1970), Portuguese footballer
- José Manuel Barroso (born 1956), former Prime Minister of Portugal and the former President of the European Commission
- Julio Barroso (born 1985), Argentine footballer
- Luís Oliveira, full name Luís Airton Barroso Oliveira (born 1969), Brazilian-Belgian footballer
- Luís Roberto Barroso (born 1958), Brazilian jurist and judge of the Brazilian supreme court
- Manuel Barroso (born 1964), Portuguese modern pentathlete
- Maria Barroso (1925–2015), Portuguese actress and wife of former Portuguese Prime Minister Mário Soares
- Mariano Barroso (born 1959), Spanish film director and screenwriter
- Mário Barroso (born 1947), Portuguese film director, actor and cinematographer
- Miguel Barroso (1538–1590), Spanish painter
- Philippe Barroso (born 1955), French alpine skier
- Ricardo Barroso Barroso (born 1973), Mexican architect and plastic artist
- Ricardo Barroso Agramont (born 1980), Mexican politician
- Tomás Barroso (born 1990), Portuguese basketball player