Defending champion Max Purcell and his partner Jordan Thompson defeated Julian Cash and Henry Patten in the final, 4–6, 6–4, [10–5] to win the doubles tennis title at the 2023 U.S. Men's Clay Court Championships.

Matthew Ebden and Purcell were the reigning champions,^[1] but Ebden chose not to compete this year.

	First round							Quarterfinals							Semifinals							Final
	1	R Hijikata J Kubler	6	7
	WC	W Blumberg C Harrison	2	5				1	R Hijikata J Kubler
		Y Bhambri S Myneni	66	6	[5]				R Galloway MÁ Reyes-Varela	w/o
		R Galloway MÁ Reyes-Varela	78	2	[10]											R Galloway MÁ Reyes-Varela	78	64	[5]
	3	J Cash H Patten	6	6											3	J Cash H Patten	66	77	[10]
	PR	H Dellien E Gómez	1	4				3	J Cash H Patten	w/o
		D Brown F Tiafoe	2	4					F Bagnis TM Etcheverry
		F Bagnis TM Etcheverry	6	6																		3	J Cash H Patten	6	4	[5]
		A Golubev A Nedovyesov	2	77	[10]																		M Purcell J Thompson	4	6	[10]
		J Eysseric D Pel	6	65	[4]				A Golubev A Nedovyesov	6	6
		G Andreozzi G Durán	6	3	[5]			4	A Göransson B McLachlan	4	4
	4	A Göransson B McLachlan	4	6	[10]											A Golubev A Nedovyesov	66	65
		M Purcell J Thompson	6	6												M Purcell J Thompson	78	77
	WC	H Reese R Stalder	1	4					M Purcell J Thompson	6	79
		S González H Hach Verdugo	3	4				2	N Lammons J Withrow	4	67
	2	N Lammons J Withrow	6	6

• Main draw