The year 1710 in music involved some significant musical events and new works.

• April 18 – Probable date of the première of Johann Sebastian Bach's St Mark Passion pastiche at the chapel of Wilhelmsburg Castle (two movements by Bach).
• In Britain, the Academy of Vocal Music is founded by Johann Christoph Pepusch and others.^[1]

• Collier, John Payne (ed.). A Book of Roxburghe Ballads (containing 1,341 broadside ballads, including "Fare Thee Well")

• Louis-Nicolas Clérambault
  • Cantates françoises, Book 1
  • Premier livre d'orgue contenant deux suites
• Georg Frideric Handel – incidental music for The Alchemist
• Michel de la Barre – Pièces pour la flûte traversière, Livre 1
• Jean Baptiste Loeillet of Ghent – 12 Recorder Sonatas, Op. 1
• Johann Pachelbel – Magnificat Fugue, P.268
• James Paisible – The Royall Galliarde. Mr. Isaac's new dance, made for Her Majesty's Birth Day, 1710...
• Johann Christoph Pepusch – 6 English Cantatas, Book 1
• Johann Schenk – L'écho du Danube, Op .9
• Johann Christian Schickhardt
  • 7 Recorder Sonatas, Op. 1
  • 6 Oboe Sonatas, Op. 8
  • 6 Sonatas à 4, Op. 14
• Jean Baptiste Senaillé – 10 Violin Sonatas, Op. 1
• Giuseppe Valentini – Concerto a Quattro Violini (12 concerti grossi), Op. 7 (Rome)

• Floriano Arresti – L'enigma disciolta
• Antonio Maria Bononcini – Tigrane, re d'Armenia
• André Campra – Les Fêtes vénitiennes
• Pietro Paolo Laurenti – Sabella mrosa d'Truvlin
• Johann Mattheson – Boris Goudenow

• January 4 – Giovanni Battista Pergolesi, composer, violinist and organist (died 1736)
• March 12 – Thomas Arne, composer (died 1778)
• March 27 – Joseph Abaco, violoncellist and composer (died 1805)
• April 12 – Caffarelli, castrato singer (died 1783)
• August 12 - Ferdinand Rudolph Fränzl, German trumpeter and viola player (died 1782)
• November 22 – Wilhelm Friedemann Bach, composer, eldest son of Johann Sebastian Bach (died 1784)
• date unknown
  • James Oswald, composer and music publisher (died 1769)
  • Giovanni Battista Ferrandini, composer (died 1791)
  • Thomas Gladwin, organist and composer (died 1799)
  • Anton Joseph Hampel, horn player (died 1771)
  • George Alexander Stevens, actor, poet and songwriter (died 1780)

• May 10 – Georg Dietrich Leyding, organist and composer (born 1664)
• June 14 – Johann Friedrich Alberti, German composer and organist (born 1642)
• July 8 – Juan García de Salazar, choral composer (b. 1639)
• September 26 – Cardinal Vincenzo Grimani, opera librettist
• November 22 – Bernardo Pasquini, composer (born 1637)
• date unknown
  • Charles Mouton, composer and lutenist (born c. 1626)
  • Gaspar Sanz, priest and composer (born 1640)
• probable
  • Rosa Giacinta Badalla, Benedictine nun and composer (born c.1660)
  • Marcus Meibomius, historian of music (born c. 1630)
  • Camilla de Rossi, composer