Yunnan sudden death syndrome

Yunnan sudden death syndrome refers to a series of cardiac arrests that afflicted significant numbers of rural villagers in Yunnan province in southwest China. Cases almost always occurred during the midsummer rainy season (from June to August), at an altitude of 1,800–2,400 m (5,900–7,900 ft).[1] An estimated 400 deaths occurred over three decades.[2] In the hours before death, about two-thirds of the victims experienced nausea, dizziness, heart palpitations, seizures, and fatigue.[3]

The cause of the deaths was unknown until a 2010 paper in Science by researchers from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention revealed that they had isolated a significant factor common in every case: a toxic mushroom which was unintentionally gathered and consumed during wild mushroom harvests in the region. Previously the syndrome was thought to be caused by Keshan disease, which is caused by the Coxsackie virus.[1]

The mushroom, Trogia venenata,[4] is also known as 'Little White'. It was determined that families collecting fungi to sell had been eating these mushrooms as they have no commercial value.[5] Three amino acids present in the mushrooms have been shown to be toxic.[4] The mushrooms have also been shown to contain very high quantities of barium salts.[6]

However, a 2012 paper in Applied and Environmental Microbiology based on analysis of Trogia venenata samples collected over four years in the area found that their barium levels were of a lower concentration similar to common food options like poultry. It concluded that while they may have been a factor as several victims had high barium levels, they might not be the primary factor, as about 35 kilograms would have to be eaten to be fatal. The authors hypothesized that genetics was also a factor since the victims were primarily female, some families had seven or more fatalities, and some villages lost a third of their population.[7][8]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Stone, R. (2010). "Will a Midsummer's Nightmare Return?". Science. 329 (5988): 132–134. Bibcode:2010Sci...329..132S. doi:10.1126/science.329.5988.132. PMID 20616244.
  2. ^ Toxic mushrooms kill hundreds in China Archived 2012-03-23 at the Wayback Machine, Australian Geographic, July 14, 2010
  3. ^ "Rare mushroom blamed for mystery deaths in China". BBC News. 14 July 2010. Retrieved 3 December 2021.
  4. ^ a b Zhou, Z. Y.; Shi, G. Q.; Fontaine, R.; Wei, K.; Feng, T.; Wang, F.; Wang, G. Q.; Qu, Y.; Li, Z. H.; Dong, Z. J.; Zhu, H. J.; Yang, Z. L.; Zeng, G.; Liu, J. K. (2012). "Evidence for the Natural Toxins from the Mushroom Trogia venenata as a Cause of Sudden Unexpected Death in Yunnan Province, China". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 51 (10): 2368–2370. doi:10.1002/anie.201106502. PMID 22287497.
  5. ^ Tran, Tini (14 July 2010). "Tiny, toxic mushrooms kill hundreds in China". Associated Press. Retrieved 15 July 2010.[dead link]
  6. ^ Stone, R. (8 July 2010). "Will a Midsummer's Nightmare Return?". Science. 329 (5988): 132–134. Bibcode:2010Sci...329..132S. doi:10.1126/science.329.5988.132. PMID 20616244.
  7. ^ Craggs, Samantha (December 7, 2012). "Mushroom not main cause of mystery deaths in China: McMaster researcher".
  8. ^ Zhang, Ying; Li, Yanchun; Wu, Gang; Feng, Bang; Yoell, Shanze; Yu, Zefen; Zhang, Keqin; Xu, Jianping (2012-12-15). "Evidence against Barium in the Mushroom Trogia venenata as a Cause of Sudden Unexpected Deaths in Yunnan, China". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 78 (24): 8834–8835. doi:10.1128/AEM.01798-12. PMC 3502919.
allikas: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yunnan_sudden_death_syndrome