what are the best/most commonly used databases for library and information science academic journals? ~2026-92017-3 (talk) 00:26, 11 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]

Library of Congress is the primary database for American publications (books and journals). WorldCat services the same purpose worldwide. For journals specifically, most database are slightly specialized. JSTOR covers humanities and social science. PubMed covers medical. Scopus covers science. ERIC covers education. ~2026-91009-6 (talk) 15:03, 12 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]

So are there databases that are known to be (slightly) specialized by providing good coverage of journals in library and information science?  ​‑‑Lambiam 22:20, 13 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]

Yes. LISTA (Library, Information Science & Technology Abstracts) is most likely the most widely used resource in the field. It indexes more than 500 core journals, plus books, research reports, and proceedings. It focuses heavily on librarianship, classification, cataloging, bibliometrics, online information retrieval, and information management. There is a more international competitor, LISA (Library and Information Science Abstracts).

Note: Information Science has a lot of overlap in some areas of Computer Science (specifically information storage and transfer). But, you probably won't find any algorithm analysis papers discussing big O complexity in an information science journal. Of course, that makes me want to try to publish a paper on complexity analysis in an LIS journal. ~2026-91009-6 (talk) 15:08, 24 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]

Look at Draft:Brotherhood (2026 film). Doing a Google search reveals (from Google AI) that the company of this film is Craftsman Films. But the company has no Wikipedia article. Why?? Is there a mistake?? Georgia guy (talk) 00:04, 13 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]

Googling the subject, it seems a bit vague. ←Baseball Bugs ^{What's up, Doc?} carrots→ 03:16, 13 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]

The company's website indicates that it was only created in or after 2023, so it may be WP:Too soon soon for enough WP:Reliable sources to have appeared on which to base an article about the company (see WP:Golden rule). Even if they have, some volunteer editor (we are all volunteers) has to decide they want to undertake the article's creation. You yourself are more than welcome to.

It isn't uncommon for a particular work (novel, play, film etc.) to achieve WP:Notability before its creator(s): creators do not 'inherit' notability from their creations, only from what is written about they themselves. {The poster formerly known as 87.81.230.195} ~2026-76101-8 (talk) 03:17, 13 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]

From what I see, there seems to be some interruption in Craftsman's history, or perhaps two different production ventures of the same name. Our article Kerry McCluggage says that "he launched his own company, Craftsman Films, to develop motion picture and television content" in 2002, whereas the current outfit was apparently founded by one Daren Smith, seemingly in the early 2020s (and the main online activity of which is the solicitation of investors). Deor (talk) 15:09, 13 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]

They are listed as one of the production companies for Homeland Security (film) (2004). IMDb also names them as having procured a film bus for the production of Melancholia (2011 film). It may be a dormant legal entity that is woken up from its slumbers every now and then for some technical (perhaps legal or fiscal) reason.  ​‑‑Lambiam 16:35, 13 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]

I should note that the Casey Elliott linked from the draft article is not the actor who appears in it (IMDb link). Another article that potentially needs to be created. ~2026-98727-2 (talk) 11:13, 13 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]

In the Thames Television programme The Kenny Everett Video Show, Everett played a recurring character named Cupid Stunt. She was a B-movie star who was always being interviewed by a cardboard cut-out of Michael Parkinson.

When the show transferred to the BBC in 1981, these sketches continued. But the cardboard cutout was replaced with a skeleton, which Stunt still addressed as "Michael". (For example, this.)

Why the skeleton? Parkinson didn't die until 2023! Marnanel (talk) 22:02, 14 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]

Just a guess: the BBC did not like the use of the likeness of one of their serious presenters for this silly show, even though it was all done in the best possible taste. That the skeleton also happened to be named "Michael" can have been pure coincidence. Or, perhaps, Cupid did not notice the difference.  ​‑‑Lambiam 08:35, 15 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]

In the late 1800s, there are many mentions in United States newspapers of anarchist Sunday schools. All the references seem to be from people who dislike the idea. Do any copies of the schools' curriculum survive? Marnanel (talk) 22:09, 14 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]

Wouldn't having a curriculum be against the anarchist spirit? Johnbod (talk) 23:21, 14 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]

Is that a serious question or a tired joke? —Antonissimo (talk) 08:08, 16 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]

How confident are you that this wasn't simply a reaction some sort of propaganda / FUD claiming that such schools existed? -- Avocado (talk) 01:18, 15 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]

Marnanel, despite what Avocado guessed, these anarchist Sunday schools did exist. Here is an account by the social reformer Jane Addams of her visit to one such anarchist Sunday school in Chicago, probably in 1889. I think that the late 1880s was the peak of this movement. A bit later in the early 20th century, the Ferrer movement operated schools throughout Europe and in New York under a similar philosophy, but these were full time schools, not just one day a week. Ferrer Center and Colony describes the American effort. Anarchism and education describes the philosophical approach. Cullen328 (talk) 07:31, 15 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]

If you have access to the NYT archives, here is a link to an article from May 8, 1910: "SUNDAY SCHOOLS THAT TEACH CHILDREN ANARCHY; A Thousand Young Persons Are Being Trained in New York to Be Successors of Emma Goldman and Alexander Berkmann." (The usual spelling is "Alexander Berkman", with single ⟨n⟩.) Some of what Berkman told the Times about the curriculum is found here, starting with: The pupil of the Anarchist Sunday school is taught to reason. The teacher only serves to direct their attention to a problem.  ​‑‑Lambiam 08:22, 15 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]

If the habiru weren't at least partly Hebrews, or viceversa, who were they? If Rainey believed the Bible so much, what else could he think? He then claimed the habiru were attackers of the Israelites after the Israelites conquered Canaan, which makes it even more farfetched Rich (talk) 22:57, 14 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]

Being 'in denial' means ignoring or contradicting something that has clear if not overwhelming evidence in its favour.

The Ugarite, Egyptian and Assyrian references to the 'Hapiru' (ʿApiru, Ḫabiru, etc.) seem to refer to a class of people by behaviour or occupation as much as to a discrete population, and different ancient writers at different times did not necessarily use it with the same meaning. Although it is a plausible hypothesis that either some of those so referenced became, or that the term was later applied to, the Canaanite sub-group later called 'Hebrews', I don't think any reputable scholar regards it as proven: linguistic coincidences happen.

It is also now the scholastic consensus that the Israelites did not 'invade and conquer' Canaan (a nation-building myth concocted many centuries later) but that they were indigenous Canaanites who gradually differentiated their identity from other Canaanite peoples.

Although I had not previously heard of Rainey (I am merely an interested, though actively studying, layman in these matters) it is evident from his article (and the linked obituary) that he was a considerable expert in this area. The article itself says nothing about his views on the Habiru→Hebrew question, or about his Biblical beliefs. Given that he died some 15 years ago, it would not be surprising that scholarship may have moved on from some of the views he held: this happens in all disciplines. {The poster formerly known as 87.81.230.195} ~2026-76101-8 (talk) 05:44, 15 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]

I think he was in denial because he said that a habiru/hebrew connection was impossible, or words to that effect. Rich (talk) 07:11, 16 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]

biblical archaeology review nov/dec 2008: part of Rainey's words were "There is absolutely no relationship!" Rich (talk) 07:29, 16 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]

Thank you for the clarification of your not-entirely-clear initial query.

OK then, on the basis of what you suggest and report, it would seem that in 2008 Rainey (then aged 78) did make assertions that were contradictory to the relatively recent general scholarly consensuses that (a) the name connection was possible and perhaps even likely, though not proven, and (b) the Exodus and Conquest were not historically factual. This would scarcely be surprising for an elderly scholar if he was still a committed believer in the historicity of the Jewish Bible/Old Testament (although some scholars of Jewish, Christain and Moslem faith manage to maintain a dispassionate approach to archaological and historical findings).

So what is the thrust of your enquiry? We cannot read the mind of a dead scholar to say why he thought these things, if he does not say so in his published works (to which I myself have no ready access). We can only observe that early religious and cultural indoctrination is powerful. {The poster formally known as 87.81.230.195} ~2026-76101-8 (talk) 13:30, 16 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]

thanks for your sarcastic thank you, and the effort you put into your belittling reply, although you are obviously just guessing rather than knowing if current opinions findings are different, not unlike chatgpt. Rich (talk) 14:14, 16 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]

My thank you was not sarcastic: your initial query was not clear, and your follow up did clarify it somewhat. I am fairly familiar with the current consensus on these matters, having been studying them via books and journals on and off for decades, and more intensively (incorporating talks on YouTube) since my retirement eight years ago. My interest in the topics was the reason I was moved to reply, and the Wikipedia articles I linked are broadly in accordance with what I said.

As for Rainey's personal stance, I was unable to [edited to add: find] anything online about the details of his opinions, and assumed that you had correctly represented it.

Your initial query amounted to "Rainey was wrong about X and Y, why was this?" I wonder where you think anyone could find a documented answer that you have not? {The poster formerly known as 87.81.230.195} ~2026-76101-8 (talk) 06:08, 17 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]

oh ok I'm sorry, I was wrong. I appreciate your thoughts and time. Rich (talk) 09:01, 17 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]

Rich, after further ruminations I can think of an obvious reason why Anson Rainey might have refused to accept the identification of the Habiru with the Hebrews.

References to the Habiru (and variant names), equated with the Sumerian term sa.gaz., date back as far as the 18th century BCE in Ugarit, Assyria amd Mesopotamia, and they were for example extensively referenced in the 14th century BCE Armana letters.

Those who accept the Jewish Bible, and therefore the Biblical Exodus, as divinely inspired and historically factual generally date the Exodus to the 12th or 13th century BCE. If Rainey was one of them (which I don't know, but you suggest he was) then he would probably not accept that the Habiru present in Caanan and elsewhere at least 500 years before the (supposed) Exodus could be the Hebrews of the Exodus. That said, he seems to have had other respectable academic reasons (mentioned in ʿApiru).

If I were arguing in Biblical terms, I would point out that when, according to the Biblical account, some of the Hebrews had gone to Egypt in the era of Joseph, others probably remained in Canaan. However, I do not think that was actually the case, but rather that the Hebrews were always a sub-set of Caananites in Canaan. They were indeed "slaves (i.e. subjects of the Pharoah) in Egypt" because before the Late Bronze Age collapse Egypt controlled nearly all of Canaan, as far north as Ugarit, which remained a semi-independent buffer state between Egypt and the Hittite Empire (this is a simplification, there were other states around Ugarit at certain times).

Because of the Collapse, Egypt withdrew its control, and notional borders, back to the Nile Delta and Sinai Peninsula, so the Hebrews in Canaan were no longer 'in Egypt' and no longer its 'slaves' (which is how rulers thought of and referred to their subjects in that era).

Hope this helps. {The poster formerly known as 87.81.230.195} ~2026-76101-8 (talk) 20:05, 18 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]

You could be right. part of the reason i dont agree, at least yet, is there exists some extremely high praise Anson Rainey has been given for his scholarship. I would think he wouldnt get such high praise for scholarship if his views on habiru were heavily based on his religious beliefs. But it could be the very high praise that I had read was because he had just died, and it's not very measured. Kind of like the praise for Kobe Bryant. Rich (talk) 04:43, 19 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]

Wasn't it you who suggested his view on the matter was coloured by religious belief? In the article on the Habiru (ʿApiru) I initially linked, Rainey is described as denying a linguistic relationship between the names Ḫabiru and Hebrew, and the identity of the two peoples on geographical grounds; also, it was Meredith Kline who "suggests that Apiru, besides being non-Semitic, were foes of Israel and their first oppressors in Canaan" (although I don't know if Rainey agreed with him or not). {The poster formerly known as 87.81.230.195} ~2026-76101-8 (talk) 17:05, 19 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]

yeah it was me. Rich (talk) 03:01, 20 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]

Hello, looking for feedback for peer review for English Wikinews, thank you in advance! Gryllida 06:31, 15 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]

This is a reference desk, on the English-language Wikipedia. It is not a platform for asking for help on other projects. If you want something proof-read for Wikinews, I suggest you ask over there, where they will be familiar with what they consider appropriate content. AndyTheGrump (talk) 06:40, 15 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]

This is not a forum
The following discussion has been closed. Please do not modify it.
Would the pan-African flag look better if the Tifinagh Yaz and the Coptic cross were added in gold to it's black stripe? ~2026-10428-75 (talk) 17:14, 16 February 2026 (UTC)[reply] Look better to whom? Marnanel (talk) 17:31, 16 February 2026 (UTC)[reply] I mean would it look cooler? ~2026-10428-75 (talk) 17:38, 16 February 2026 (UTC)[reply] To whom? That's a purely subjective question. Nanonic (talk) 17:45, 16 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]

This is not a forum. If the Pope makes ambiguous statements, it comes down to opinion as to what he means, and we don't do that here.
The following discussion has been closed. Please do not modify it.
In his 9 January speech, the pope said: "It is painful to see how, especially in the West, the space for genuine freedom of expression is rapidly shrinking. At the same time, a new Orwellian-style language is developing which, in an attempt to be increasingly inclusive, ends up excluding those who do not conform to the ideologies that are fueling it." Is there any somewhat authoritative interpretation what exactly he was talking about here? Anyway I think the time for that statement was badly chosen, as "the West" is diverging rapidly in those times... --KnightMove (talk) 10:41, 17 February 2026 (UTC)[reply] It's somewhat ironic to look for an "authoritative" interpretation here of the pope's own words. Of course what we mostly find in commentary on the speech is interpretations as attacks on either Trump or the woke to "strike and offend opponents." I do like Jacob Mchangama's question here and America's aside on use of Orwellian. fiveby(zero) 13:21, 17 February 2026 (UTC)[reply] "War is peace, freedom is slavery, ignorance is strength". Just look how the pedophile President of the United States of America and his anti-American "government" handling language. Here a short list of English - Trumpish: English Trumpish truth/fact lie American terrorist censorship freedom of speech freedom of speech speech of the enemy christian communist, Marxist, radical left anti-American American, patriot Jesus the Antichrist, radical leftist, Marxist, Communist Antichrist Jesus God Satan Satan God The list goes on and on. The pedophile Trump and his "government" do not just represent anti-American values - they are indeed a goverment George Washington, the foundig fathers and the colonist were figthing against. Just read the Declaration of Independence: "He has refused his Assent to Laws, the most wholesome and necessary for the public good. [...] He has dissolved Representative Houses repeatedly, for opposing with manly firmness his invasions on the rights of the people. [...] He has erected a multitude of New Offices, and sent hither swarms of Officers to harrass our people, and eat out their substance. [...] He has kept among us, in times of peace, Standing Armies without the Consent of our legislatures. He has combined with others to subject us to a jurisdiction foreign to our constitution, and unacknowledged by our laws; giving his Assent to their Acts of pretended Legislation: For Quartering large bodies of armed troops among us: For protecting them, by a mock Trial, from punishment for any Murders which they should commit on the Inhabitants of these States: For cutting off our Trade with all parts of the world: For imposing Taxes on us without our Consent: For depriving us in many cases, of the benefits of Trial by Jury [...]". Now set in the Name of the pedophile Trump and you have: ignoring court orders, the so-called Christian Mike Johnson repeatedly resolves the House of Representatives for his Majesty Trump the pedophile, he erected new offices and harasses people, look at DODGE, he sent the National Guard and Coast Guard to cities without consent and against the will of the governors of theses states and mayors of these cities, these troups are quarted in these cities (e. g. LA, Minneapolis), then look at the murders in Minneapolis - the victims are prosecuted while the murders are free -, look at the tariffs Trump imposed on the American people: he is actively preventing trade and he imposes taxes without consent. Due process is often denied by his SA-like ICE-troups. One might ask why I stress the pedophile element: first of all look at the American media cooperations that undergo a self-censorship and haven't got the courage, strength, will whatever to state the obvious. It is a shame, it is disgusting and will always be a stain on these companies. You don't need the Epstein files - the man said it himself! That wasn't a joke - he was serious. How do I know that? He made several crude statements like that: "I've known Jeff for 15 years. Terrific guy. He's a lot of fun to be with. It is even said that he likes beautiful women as much as I do, and many of them are on the younger side". He was the owner of several teen pageants. He went into the dressing rooms where underaged girls were naked. Again, he said it himself. And again, this was not a joke because it is independently confirmed by one of girls. All these information have been long known for more than a decade. It has not just been tolerated, it has been celebrated and Trump has known ever since he is above the law. To pretend he is not a pedophile is just another Orwellian style behaviour: "The party told you to reject the evidence of your eyes and ears. It was their final, most essential command."--~2026-11217-63 (talk) 16:30, 19 February 2026 (UTC) - ceterum censeo acta Epsteini esse divulganda[reply]

Jane [Gordon] bet with the Prince that she could raise more men than he, meaning the Government.

Okay, but who won the bet? Marnanel (talk) 18:39, 17 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]

Jane Gordon, Duchess of Gordon#Raising of the Gordon Highlanders (edit | visual edit | history) · Article talk (edit | history) · Watch

• edit adding the bet to article with refs:
  • Maxwell, Michael (1997). Lady Jane Maxwell (Speech). Clan Maxwell Society of the USA.
  • The Geograph Britain and Ireland Project: Duchess of Gordon’s Monument.
  • The Gordon Highlanders Museum, St Lukes, Aberdeen: History of the Gordons.

• other sources:
  • "GORDON, GEORGE, fifth Duke of Gordon" DNB "he raised a regiment of highlanders on the paternal estates, a task in which he was actively assisted by his father and mother, both of whom recruited personally. The duchess is said to have worn the regimental colours, and to have obtained recruits for her son by putting the shilling between her lips."
  • inscription on the monument just in case (no help)
  • Bulloch, John Malcom (1908). "The Story of a Kiss". The gay Gordons. Some strange adventures of a famous Scots family.
  • Charles Murray (1900) ”BYDAND” in Hamewith

  • From a fragmentary MS history of the Gordon family, which the late Provost Black prepared for a new edition of Laehlan Shaw's "Moray," I learn that Mr. Willaim Alexander (of Gushetneuk fame?) wrote and article in the "Bath Herald" (of what date?) containing what is to me a new story about the raising of the Gordon Highlanders. It is stated that Jane Maxwell "made a large bet with the Prince of Wales that she would raise a whole regiment of Highlanders in four months if he would appoint her son, The Marquis of Huntly its colonel." She managed to do so, and gained her bet, which was to to have been sufficient to repay here for the expense of forming the regiment."

    — Bulloch, John Malcom (April 20, 1910). "The Origin of the Gordon Highlanders". Aberdeen Journal Notes and Queries. No. 105.

So the story may have been originally published 18 March 1876 going by search results from The British Newspaper Archive if anyone has access. fiveby(zero) 21:49, 17 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]

• Just on the point "The duchess is said to have worn the regimental colours" - this was a fashion for riding habits, as with Lady Worsley, who I've added. Johnbod (talk) 03:59, 18 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]

Hello,

The image on the right is used on many versions of Wikipedia to illustrate the article about John of Beverley. However, I do not think it is actually a depiction of him, since people wearing crowns and holding scepters in medieval art are usually kings, not bishops, but I may be mistaken.

Can anyone shed any light on this? The entire stained glass can be seen here, which may help identify the person on the image. There is also a book about the stained glass of Beverley Minster, which could be helpful if someone can have a look at it. – Swa cwæð Ælfgar (talk) 20:06, 17 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]

Speculation on my part, but I agree that this is likely the depiction of a king, not a Bishop and/or Saint. Candidates might be Aldfrith of Northumbria, king when John founded the original monastery at Beverley, or more likely Æthelstan who refounded it and "lavished gifts on it".

Unfortunately, the image's 2008 contributor on Wikimedia Commons seems to have made no other contributions or posts whatever to Wikipedia or Commons (unless I'm dooin it rong), so presumably cannot be queried. I cannot make sense of the names under some of the other figures in the window; I presume from her clothing that the unnamed female is meant to be Mary. {The poster formerly known as 87.81.230.195} ~2026-76101-8 (talk) 02:50, 18 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]

Judging by the winding stems and foliage you can see in the larger picture (linked above) I think this must be a Tree of Jesse window. If it is, could our man be Solomon holding his Temple? --Antiquary (talk) 11:04, 18 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]

Nice, just a facebook post to help so far, but another photo and a few details which may help. fiveby(zero) 11:22, 18 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]

"In the south arm [of the Great Transept] the tall lancets above the window were filled with glaring Jesse glass, by Hardman, in 1857. "Hardman" is Hardman & Co of Birmingham, "a firm who carried out much of the best work of Welby Pugin and his contemporaries". DuncanHill (talk) 11:22, 18 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]

There's also the fact that everyone apart from the Virgin Mary is wearing a crown, of course. I can't see the Facebook page, not being of that fraternity, but some bloke on the Internet attributes it rather to the firm of Clayton and Bell, for what that's worth. What's worth rather more is that from the image he gives you can see clearly that the figure on the right is Josiah, which must surely mean the king of Judah of that name. --Antiquary (talk) 11:46, 18 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]

The Facebook post (by a tour guide in the Minster) says "In the 1920s the Minster's Jesse lancet windows were moved from above the South transept doors to the West wall. The "Jesse Window" typically refers to a type of stained glass window depicting the genealogy of Jesus Christ, known as the Tree of Jesse. The windows were given by Thomas Clarkson who was a churchwarden in 1862. They were restored in 1971 and the colouring has been greatly enhanced. Originally the Jesse glass was made by Messrs Hardman of Birmingham in 1857". DuncanHill (talk) 11:50, 18 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]

This specific window is identified as a Jesse window here, one of the "+15". I thought I could read "OSIA" indicating Josiah, but I cannot relate the visible letters on the left to the name of a king of Israel/Judah.  ​‑‑Lambiam 12:20, 18 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]

We have a very thin stub article, London Victory Parade of 1815, which has only one reference (not viewable). The date for the event, 20 June 1815, is clearly impossible since news of the Battle of Waterloo on 18 June didn't reach London until the evening of 21 June. [1] Can anybody shed any light on this please? Alansplodge (talk) 22:08, 17 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]

Yeah, "exile to Elba". June 20th, 1814. fiveby(zero) 22:31, 17 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]

(edit conflict) Seems likely. There was a National Service of Thanksgiving on 7 July 1814 at St Paul's. [2] All we need now is some reference for a parade. Alansplodge (talk) 22:51, 17 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]

Can't find a really good ref but 1814 – the Summer of Celebrations, probably content for Grand Jubilee of 1814 and an Afd. fiveby(zero) 22:46, 17 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]

Specifically from that:

On June 20 [1814], hopefully having had the opportunity for a rest and some digestion, the Prince Regent, the Duke of York, the King of Prussia, the Czar and Generals Blucher, Lord Beresford and Hill reviewed 12,000 troops in Hyde Park. At 8pm that evening a re-enactment of the battle of Trafalgar was held in the park on the Serpentine with model ships three feet long (one metre) were deployed to recreate the main events of the battle. At the climax the French ships were sunk as the National Anthem was played.

Good find. Alansplodge (talk) 22:53, 17 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]

History of the wars resulting from the French Revolution (1815) p. 455 mentions this. Alansplodge (talk) 22:59, 17 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]

Waterloo (2015) p. 108 mentions it too. Alansplodge (talk) 23:03, 17 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]

and the prologue of the provided reference recounts the Tsar, Matvei Platov and the Cossacks in Hyde Park 20 June 1814 so no worries there. Good catch, been here since 2007. fiveby(zero) 23:09, 17 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]

The ref from the article says, on pp.11–12: On the 20th of June a greater crowd than ever seen before had gathered in Hyde Park. [...] For this was the great Victory Parade to celebrate the defeat of Napolean and his exile to Elba.

I have to say that it seems unlikely to me that news of the victory took a full three days to cross the Channel while swimmers have swum across it in under eight hours. Waterloo is not far from Brussels; the news could have spread from there by optical telegraph to Calais, Dunkerque and Ostend by daybreak the next morning. The lengthy delay applies to Wellington's official dispatch.  ​‑‑Lambiam 11:13, 18 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]

The source (which is on Archive.org) says this was in 1814, celebrating Boney's defeat and exile to Elba. DuncanHill (talk) 11:32, 18 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]

(ec)Just to clarify, are you suggesting 1815 might be correct, or just that the news may have preceded Major Percy? The arrival of the Waterloo Dispatch in London is a well documented event, and Elba makes it pretty clear we aren't talking 1815. fiveby(zero) 11:40, 18 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]

• I've moved it to 1814, per source. DuncanHill (talk) 11:44, 18 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]
• Famously, the first person in London aware of the victory at Waterloo was Nathan Mayer Rothschild, who cleaned up on government bonds. Our bio deals at length with the various conflicting accounts of how he got the news, and how much he made. I'm sorry to see that pigeons are no longer in favour, but nobody mentions an "optical telegraph"! Johnbod (talk) 12:45, 18 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]

The account quoted says that Rothschild beat "Wellington's envoy [to London] by many hours", suggesting that this was still 21 June, as Major Percy arrived there in the evening. Alansplodge (talk) 13:22, 18 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]

• Many thanks all. I have found that we have an article called Allied sovereigns' visit to England which seems a suitable place to merge this to, as we seem unlikely to find enough detail to move it beyond a stub. Further comments please to Talk:London_Victory_Parade_of_1814#Merge proposal. Alansplodge (talk) 13:22, 18 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]

  Here is a second source putting the Victory Parade in late June 1815:

  • “The parade, of which no defined date can be found, took place shortly after”, i.e., after “[t]he Allied victory was confirmed with the delivery of the news of victory”.^[3].

  This book has a bibliography but no footnotes, so it is unclear what sources the author used for this statement.

  The entry for June 23d, 1815, in the Memoirs of John Quincy Adams is about his going to see “the illuminations for the great victory of the 18th”,^[4] but does not mention a parade. If there was indeed a Victory Parade in late June 1815, we should be able to find mentions in newspapers of the time. I'm not aware of sources that support the claim that the celebrations of 1814 involved an event that can be referred to as a "Victory Parade".  ​‑‑Lambiam 10:24, 20 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]

  Wouldn't parade at the time mostly be used to describe a review of troops, marching or on parade standing in formation. That's what the June 20 parade was, the allied sovereigns reviewed troops in Hyde Park. I'd have to look back in the sources to see if they "passed in review" or "stood in review". There was a thanksgiving day July 7th[5], can't find mention of any parades marching or standing on that date. January 18, 1816 was a "General Thanksgiving Day for the Restoration of Peace", and at least the two eagles brought by Major Percy were marched around at Horse Guards Parade.[6] Suspect wikigenesis with the link to Trooping the Colour. fiveby(zero) 18:47, 20 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]

  The source in the article literally calls it a victory parade, and is very clear that it was in 1814. "The summer of 1814 was a lively time to be in Regency London" "For this was the great Victory Parade to celebrate the defeat of Napoleon and his exile to Elba". The troops were "waiting their turn to ride past the sovereigns" But that just proves my long-standing claim that nobody ever reads the references. DuncanHill (talk) 18:59, 20 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]

  Edit conflicted with you adding the passage, but don't call me a nobody.

  The summer of 1814 was a lively time to be in Regency London...On the 20th of June a greater crowd than ever seen before had gathered in Hyde Park...For this was the great Victory Parade to celebrate the defeat of Napoleon and his exile to Elba. More than 15,000 troops had been camped in the park the night before; most were British, and represented a cross-section of those regiments who had chased the French armies out of Portugal and Spain, and finally across the Pyrenees and into France itself. There were Horse Guards in their gleaming helmets (specially designed by the Prince Regent to impress the Tsar); there were Highlanders in garish tartan kilts; there were new-fangled Riflemen in their sombre green tunics. The continental contingents were smaller, but equally glamorous, mostly consisting of equerries, staff-officers and body-guards to their respective sovereigns. Everywhere there was bustle, bugling, bowing and doffing of hats.

  But among both the grandees and the plebs there was one focus of special curiosity and attention. On the fringe of the military gathering, and waiting their turn to ride past the sovereigns,...

  — Ure, John (2002). The Cossacks: an illustrated history. pp. 11–14.

  That's the source which was used in the article, calling it a "Victory Parade", 15k troops, "exile to Elba". Someone just made a mistake and put 1815 in the Wikipedia article. fiveby(zero) 19:16, 20 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]

Hi, can anyone find a source that reports the distance between adjacent stations in the Metro Tunnel? As far as I can see, our article doesn't report it, and I've been unable to find anything — even a self-published railfan site — with a Google Search; all I see is things reporting the tunnel's whole length of 9 km. I'm happy for a railfan source if you can't find anything more reliable; this isn't for on-wiki work. Nyttend (talk) 01:35, 18 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]

I don't know a source, but measuring the distance between points is easy on Google maps, using the right mouse click. Shantavira|^{feed me} 10:27, 18 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]

If nothing else works, the distance scale in the lower right corner should enable an estimate. ←Baseball Bugs ^{What's up, Doc?} carrots→ 15:14, 18 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]

For accurate distances between stations in my country (Netherlands), I've use the distance measuring tool in Google Earth (desktop version). Unfortunately, the Metro Tunnel can't be traced very well on the aerial images (you could be surprised how well some tunnels can be traced by their ventilation shafts). For those that are/were on lines that are still in use, distance markers along the tracks (placed every hectometre) proved useful too. Most I could trace using cab ride videos in sunny weather, but I expect lighting in the tunnel will be too poor to read the signs on a video. Distance markers may be visible from the platforms. PiusImpavidus (talk) 10:39, 19 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]

According to our article Bum Farto (stop sniggering at the back), "He was nicknamed Bum because he fetched the firefighters' coffee and shined their shoes". I'm familiar with "bum" meaning some sort of lazy, good-for-nothing type, but here it seems to mean "helpful person". Am I missing something? Thanks, DuncanHill (talk) 13:01, 18 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]

See - https://keysweekly.com/42/the-bum-farto-files-whats-in-a-name/ and https://fieldethos.com/the-legend-of-bum-farto/ Nanonic (talk) 13:23, 18 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]

Ah, so it was for bumming lifts. DuncanHill (talk) 11:03, 19 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]

In Seven deadly sins, it is claimed in the lead that "the classification of deadly sins into a group of seven originated with Tertullian and continued with Evagrius Ponticus." This is cited from catholic.com, which mentions Tertullian only once, saying that "The first Christian to write extensively in Latin was Tertullian of Carthage (d. 220), and he was also the first to enumerate the deadlies at seven." However, Tertullian is not mentioned again in the article, with the history section starting by saying "The fourth-century monk Evagrius Ponticus reduced the logismoi (or forms of temptation) from nine to eight in number." Who originally listed them as eight? Presumably Tertullian, only it's been specifically said that he listed seven deadly sins. Skimming through Tertullian, I found no mention of "seven" or, in fact, any specific list of sins. In The Virtues and Vices in the Arts: A Sourcebook, (the only book I own on the subject) Shawn Tucker lists the following people as making early organized lists of sins/vices/evil thoughts: Prudentius in Psychomachia, Evagrius in the Praktikos, Gregory in Chapter 31 of Moralia in Job, and Dante in Purgatorio—no mention of Tertullian.

So, did Tertullian actually have any influence on the idea of the seven deadly sins/did he ever list specific sins? And whether he did or did not, who listed nine sins for Evagrius to reduce the logismoi from (in the Praktikos he makes no reference to any earlier lists)? And, most importantly to me, why did Christian Answers say that Tertullian said anything on the topic?

Thanks for any help! Crow Basket (talk) 15:54, 18 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]

Tertullian's lists his seven deadly sins here: Five books against Marcion Ch.9 v.14 (p. 185). Second attempt to post this as it was reverted by User:AusLondonder for an unspecified reason. Alansplodge (talk) 17:39, 18 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]

Apologies @Alansplodge that was a misclick. AusLondonder (talk) 17:47, 18 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]

No worries, my second effort was nuch more concise. Alansplodge (talk) 17:48, 18 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]

This is great, thanks! Crow Basket (talk) 18:04, 18 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]

Is there any name (traditional, bureaucratic or otherwise) for the region of southern Anhui and eastern Hubei? ~2026-10987-53 (talk) 16:03, 18 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]

While I don't readily see a sign of this region having been considered as a named entity, perhaps it is a useful fact in searching that the Yangtze runs through them. The Three Gorges are not in this region; they are in the western half of Hubei.  ​‑‑Lambiam 23:43, 18 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]

Some time ago, I came across a scientific pamphlet from 1846 with a price tag of “threepence” on it. Does anyone have an idea what would be the 2026 £ equivalent of threepence? thanks, ~2026-11044-36 (talk) 08:41, 19 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]

In wiki code, we can use {{Pounds, shillings, and pence}} to convert three old pence to a decimal equivalent, then feed the result into {{Inflation}}:

{{Inflation|UK|{{Pounds, shillings, and pence|d=3}}|1846|r=2|fmt=eq|cursign=£}}

This enables us to determine that 3d in 1846 is equivalent to £1.22 in 2023. Chuntuk (talk) 09:54, 19 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]

The website MeasuringWorth gives results for a variety of methods. Using RPI it gives £1.63, using the GDP deflator it gives £1.74. In terms of average earnings it gives £13.20. DuncanHill (talk) 10:06, 19 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]

While googling for this question I came across a copy of the Times from 1846 (on ebay, therefore no link) with a price tag of 5d. So scientific pamphlets seem to have been fairly cheap (compared to newspapers) but still pretty much unaffordable for many people. --Wrongfilter (talk) 11:30, 19 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]

The Bank of England inflation calculator, converting £0.015 (the output of their pre-decimal converter for 3d), gives £1.53. Oh, but that 0.015 comes from rounding up to decimal halfpennies. Putting £1 into the inflation calculator instead and dividing by 80 (handy £sd chart) gives £1.27.  Card Zero  (talk) 13:30, 19 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]

They appear to be rounding to the nearest half a (new) penny. There are 240 old pence in a pound, so 3d = 3/240 = £0.0125, or one and a quarter new pence. I'm old enough to remember when sixpences were still in circulation post-decimalisation, with a value of 2.5 new pence. Threepenny bits (theoretically worth half that) were phased out entirely, only surviving as cockney rhyming slang for... Well, I'll leave that as an exercise for the reader. Chuntuk (talk) 13:55, 19 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]

thanks to all of you for your help, ~2026-11044-36 (talk) 12:48, 19 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]

As I explain at Talk:Charity Bick#DoB, I think we have the wrong DoB recoded for Charity Bick, who is known to have lied about her age (adding two years) in order to serve in cvil defence in WWII. Can someone check relevant records, please? Andy Mabbett (Pigsonthewing); Talk to Andy; Andy's edits 18:49, 19 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]

Don't know if these links thru WPLibrary will work for you but:

• England & Wales Births 1837-2006 Birmingham South, Warwickshire, England[7]
  • Birth registered in January, February, or March 1926, a Bick, Charity A. in Birmingham S. district
• 1939 Register, Lichfield M.B., Staffordshire, England[8]
  • 95 Birmingham RD, Bick, Charity A, Female, 19 December 1925

This is Findmypast and i can't find a description of those recordsets, or where to look for the specific volume listed in the first index. fiveby(zero) 20:04, 19 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]

ancestry.com has more and some photos but those are the only two pertinent documents i've seen for DOB. She features in The bit between the lanes : memories of Lyng, West Bromwich OCLC 43718935. Is December 19th '25 plausible? Born late 1925, birth registered 1926. Did she join sometime prior to December 1939 when 14 almost 15? fiveby(zero) 20:33, 19 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]

That all seems likely. Thank you. Andy Mabbett (Pigsonthewing); Talk to Andy; Andy's edits 20:48, 19 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]

I'll email it to you @Pigsonthewing:, but I thought other readers of this page might like to know I've found an article about the Thomson portrait of her being use for the front page of Despatches the magazine of the Friends of the Imperial War Museum. The Northern Scot Friday 03 June 1988, page 7, "Imperial Salute For Miss Bick". DuncanHill (talk) 21:23, 19 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]

Thank you. Now cited in the article. Andy Mabbett (Pigsonthewing); Talk to Andy; Andy's edits 22:17, 19 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]

There is no evidence that this guy ever existed. Some bones were found, but that's no evidence that the bones belonged to someone called Ephraim/Konstantinos Morphis, nor that he was a martyr. The date of birth and the date of death seem to be entirely fictional.

Do you have a WP:RS that this guy might have never existed? tgeorgescu (talk) 20:46, 19 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]

I don't think we need a reliable source for the absence of a reliable source.  Card Zero  (talk) 21:10, 19 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]

Can you read Greek? I can't, but if you can, you could consult the sources at el:Άγιος Εφραίμ ο νεομάρτυρας and see if any specifically says that he didn't exist. You may also wish to consult pages 231-232 of Women, pilgrimage, and rituals of healing in modern and ancient Greece : a comparison, published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing in 2023; it's twice cited in fr:Éphraïm de Néa Mákri. (Also can't read French; maybe it's not useful.) The other language articles have additional sources, too. Nyttend (talk) 22:34, 19 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]

I saw that book. It says that, according to informants, the bones might be there from the 11th century. But that is what they told her. It also says the nun found bones in a robe of a priest, concluding she unearthed a priest. And all his biography was received through mystical revelations. tgeorgescu (talk) 23:19, 19 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]

What might the Greek be for "pseudo-martyr"? ←Baseball Bugs ^{What's up, Doc?} carrots→ 23:35, 19 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]

We call Peter Pan a "fictional character". Do we have a reliable source stating that he was fictional? Yes, just look here for instance. I think this case is a bit different though, and I think that the OP would like to see a RS reporting that a notable person has expressed serious doubts about the factuality of the information received in the form of dream visions by the blessed abbess Makaria Desypri.

I doubt that a renowned Greek person will be willing to stick their neck out and become the target of the concentrated hate of millions of people venerating the revealed neomartyr, since, viewing the whole range of deeply held but factually ungrounded beliefs, this is a minor issue. The historicity of most of the old martyrs cannot be established either, being based on hagiographies that were only written centuries after their alleged deaths.  ​‑‑Lambiam 01:39, 20 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]

"based on hagiographies that were only written centuries after their alleged deaths" is not really correct. At least in prominent cases, there is usually evidence of a cult reasonably close to the time of death, the naming of churches & so forth, though just who & why the cult commemorated is pretty unclear, and indeed filled in by later legends. Johnbod (talk) 02:55, 21 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]

There's a distinction to be made between "fictional" and "legendary". King Arthur, Robin Hood and William Tell fall into the "legendary" category. Peter Pan, the Lone Ranger and Spider-man qualify as "fictional", even if inspired by some of those "legendary" characters. And let's not forget about Ephraim's cousin Aphraim, the patron saint of rustic architecture. ←Baseball Bugs ^{What's up, Doc?} carrots→ 02:59, 21 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]

Per the note at the top of this page, "We don't answer requests for opinions, predictions or debate." This is clearly and unambiguously a request for opinion and/or debate.
The following discussion has been closed. Please do not modify it.
With reference to the article on the definition of knowledge, would the majority of the lower degrees of infallibility which relates to "acquaintance"/"perception" without the rigor of dispensing of "misleading defeaters" be removed from the definition of knowledge if lower degrees of infallibility were kens while higher degrees of infallibility were known? Mattmill30 (talk) 19:25, 20 Feb 2026 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by ~2026-11552-09 (talk)

Prussia#Kingdom of Prussia says André Boniface Louis Riqueti de Mirabeau, without sources, while Prussian Army#An army with a country says Friedrich von Schrötter, with inaccessible sources (and no mention in his article). Clarityfiend (talk) 22:53, 20 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]

The Mary Fulbrook source in Prussian Army, Piety and Politics, says "... Minister von Schrötter aptly remarked that Prussia was 'not a country with an army but an army with a country..." and references "Quoted in Rosenberg Bureaucracy, p. 40". Rosenberg is Hans Rosenberg, and his Bureaucracy is Bureaucracy, Aristocracy, and Autocracy :The Prussian Experience, 1660-1815 you can read him here, "Prussia was not a country with an army but an army with a country which served as headquarters and food magazine". He does not seem to give a source. I can confirm that the Blackbourn source in Prussian Army does give it to Schroetter, but cannot access his references. Now, my Oxford Dictionary of Quotations does not have the quote, but it does have Mirabeau saying "War is Prussia's national industry" "attributed to Mirabeau by Albert Sorel (1841-1906) based on Mirabeau's introduction to De la monarchie prussienne sous Frédéric le Grand (1788), and you can see it illustrated here. DuncanHill (talk) 01:21, 21 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]

Ah, I've found Mirabeau, he says "Je traiterai enſin du système militaire de ce pays tout guerrier : genre d'industrie vraiment prussien, et jusqu'ici l'une des plus solides bases de la puissance à laquelle s'est élévée la maison de Brandenbourg" which translates to ""I will now discuss the military system of this entirely warlike country: a truly Prussian kind of industry, and thus far one of the most solid foundations of the power to which the House of Brandenburg has risen." DuncanHill (talk) 01:33, 21 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]

And Henry Campbell-Bannerman said in the House of Commons in 1872 ""In Prussia every department of the public service, every private industry, and every private interest, was made to yield to the great military necessity for which that country might almost be said to exist. It had been said, indeed, that Prussia was not a country with an Army, but an Army with a country." Some more about it on the German Wikiquote, which has a few more suggestions. DuncanHill (talk) 01:38, 21 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]

I can find German sources ascribing it to Mirabeau, but no German sources ascribing it to Friedrich von Schrötter. Mirabeau wrote a whole book on the Prussian army: Tactique prussienne, ou systeme militaire de la Prusse. A French saying ascribed to Mirabeau is "La Prusse, c’est une armée qui a conquis une nation." I cannot find this in his book. Our article Prussian army ascribes the saying not only to von Schrötter but also to Voltaire, now in the form "Where some states have an army, the Prussian Army has a state."  ​‑‑Lambiam 15:15, 21 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]

I see now that the article Prusse on the French Wikipedia also ascribes it to Mirabeau, with a source:

Le mot « Prusse » a souvent été associé à l'idée de militarisme ; ainsi, Mirabeau disait que « la Prusse n'est pas un État qui possède une armée, c'est une armée ayant conquis la nation ».

---

1.  Honoré-Gabriel Riquetti de Mirabeau, De la monarchie prussienne sous Frédéric le Grand, vol. 1, Londres, 1788.

However, again, it is not to be found there.  ​‑‑Lambiam 15:29, 21 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]

According to this German page the original author is Georg Heinrich von Berenhorst (de-wiki). The quote appears to have been written in 1801, but only published posthumously in 1845:

"Die preußische Monarchie bleibt immer -- nicht ein Land, das eine Armee, sondern eine Armee, die ein Land hat, in welchem sie gleichsam nur einquartirt steht." (source)

Translation: "The Prussian monarchy always remains -- not a country that has an army, but an army that has a country in which it is, as it were, only quartered."

There is no English Wikipedia article for von Berenhorst. He served in the Seven Years' War as aide-de-camp, first of Prince Henry of Prussia (1726–1802) and later of Frederick the Great. He wrote a book about the "art of war".

Long is the way (talk) 20:53, 21 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]

Wikipedia does the practice of using italics for works of art (paintings, albums, video games, books, etc) in prose and in article titles. I'm guessing this practice was adopted on Wikipedia because some reliable sources do so. Is there an origin on the practice of using italics on works of art? JuniperChill (talk) 22:04, 21 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]

Google "italics for works of art" and you'll see plenty of references. ←Baseball Bugs ^{What's up, Doc?} carrots→ 23:53, 21 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]

Quote the titles of pictures and of sculpture and the names of art objects, homes, ships, airplanes, etc.: Grant Wood’s “American Gothic” ... — A Manual of Style, University of Chicago Press, 1949. Titles of paintings, drawings, photographs, statues, and other works of art are italicized ... Rothko's Orange Yellow Orange ... — The Chicago Manual of Style, 2010. The titles of books, pictures, etc. are sometimes printed in Italics, but quotation marks are better — Punctuation, and other typographical matters : for the use of printers, authors, teachers, and scholars (1881).  Card Zero  (talk) 05:31, 22 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]

Oddly enough, Grammarly states that Apps and video games are considered long, published works, so their titles are italicized. Board games, card games, and other such games are not italicized.. So their guidelines state that even social media titles like TikTok and Instagram are italicised, while Wikipedia's own guidance don't do so for apps, but do so for video games. Wikipedia's MOS also uses italics for board games and trading card games too, which is why Monopoly gets it, but not Uno for some reason. JuniperChill (talk) 18:28, 22 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]

MOS:ART gives our policy for visual art. What some find confusing is that titles get italics, but names don't, so Mona Lisa but Book of Kells, as this is a particular copy of standard texts (mostly the Four Gospels), so is not a work with a title. Johnbod (talk) 18:09, 22 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]

To what extent did the hyperinflation crisis affect the context of the German October crisis of 1923? The latter occurred near the end of the former — which concluded in November 1923 — but hyperinflation isn't mentioned in the October article, except for a comment that events related to the occupation of the Ruhr intensified the circumstances that caused hyperinflation. Citation #1 in the article seems to list just three crises in the period (per Google Translate, "The occupation of the Ruhr , separatist unrest in the Rhineland, and the Bavarian rebellion against the Reich"), so I'm unclear if historians of the period treat hyperinflation as being a significantly lesser factor than the others, or if this source is just unusually narrow in its focus. Nyttend (talk) 02:41, 24 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]

Binghamton, New York is way out of my usual orbit, so I don't know the research resources there. I'm hoping to find out the construction date of this building, the Windermere Apartments, originally Windermere Hotel, 260 Washington Street, Binghamton. Unfortunately, it is outside of any designated historic district, and unlike a few buildings in its immediate vicinity on Washington Street was never home to a notable organization, so I don't have the sort of sources I had on a lot of other buildings I photographed there. Anyone with a clue, including who I might ask? - Jmabel | Talk 05:36, 24 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]

It shows up on this 1918 Sanborn map,[9] so presumably it's older than that. ←Baseball Bugs ^{What's up, Doc?} carrots→ 06:51, 24 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]

It's also on this 1898 Sanborn map.[10] ←Baseball Bugs ^{What's up, Doc?} carrots→ 06:53, 24 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]

Also on this 1891 Sanborn map.[11] ←Baseball Bugs ^{What's up, Doc?} carrots→ 06:55, 24 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]

But apparently NOT on this 1887 Sanborn map.[12] So that narrows your search. ←Baseball Bugs ^{What's up, Doc?} carrots→ 06:58, 24 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]

If you have Ancestry membership, you could maybe pursue your search here. Chuntuk (talk) 16:22, 24 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]

Ancestry has a collection of city directory scans, and the earliest reference I'm seeing for "The Windermere" is in the 1893 book. Not seeing it in 1892. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Baseball Bugs (talk • contribs) 05:07, 25 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]

Perhaps try the local museum, The Bundy Museum of History and Art? Alansplodge (talk) 16:42, 24 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]

Broome County's tax records have 1960, that could be wrong tho. Some fire porn; 264, the Ennerdale Building is the one fully involved, 260 is i think the exposure to the right in the video, roof and upper floor involved towards end of video. fiveby(zero) 17:44, 24 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]

If you navigate Broome County's GIS site via the "GIS map" option, you can reach a single-page document with extensive data. This page gives no construction date, but it notes that the building has NY historic status. (By the way, User:Fiveby, where are you getting 1960? I don't see that in your link.) Time to research where you can get data on state designations. Nyttend (talk) 02:50, 25 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]

When I navigated the NY SHPO's online site, CRGIS, I discovered that the property is within a 2024 boundary increase to the State Street-Henry Street Historic District. The nomination documents should be available at this National Park Service URL, but I'm getting nothing at all (not even the default message that says "The PDF file for this National Register record has not yet been digitized"), so I don't know where to look. 86001384 is the NRIS number for the original listing, https://s3.amazonaws.com/NARAprodstorage/lz/electronic-records/rg-079/NPS_NY/86001384.pdf is the National Archives URL to download the original nomination, and 100009963 is the NRIS number for the boundary increase, but https://s3.amazonaws.com/NARAprodstorage/lz/electronic-records/rg-079/NPS_NY/100009963.pdf doesn't provide anything at all. Not sure how to get the boundary increase documentation from NARA; I expected this search to find it, but all I see is the original nomination. Nyttend (talk) 03:04, 25 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]

You may wish to contact the NY SHPO at crishelp@parks.ny.gov, or you can ring them on (518) 237-8643. Just ask how to get the nomination documents for the boundary increase to this HD, and tell them that its internal project number is 22PR04435. PS, I found this URL that may provide the data you need, but it's not loading (perhaps it only works with IP addresses from the US? I'm in Australia), so it may be hard to access. Load CRIS, navigate to this location on the map, click on the boundary increase (it's the area around this intersection), and when it pops up a screen with lots of buttons near the top, pick the "Atts. (4)" option. This will give you a list of documents, including the National Register nomination form and photographs. Nyttend (talk) 03:08, 25 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]

• Thanks all. Very interesting to hear about an expansion of the State Street–Henry Street Historic District; the Washington Street buildings certainly deserve the recognition. I guess someday, if the National Parks system survives the current regime, the document will be on line.
• @Nyttend: the URL you couldn't access seems to require a login, and the login page it refers me to doesn't load, so no use. And, yeah, NY Parks could be a good bet, much more likely to be responsive than anyone at National Parks.
• @Baseball Bugs: Yes, circa 1890 seems about right, just based on style. I don't have an ancestry.com membership.
• @Fiveby: 1960 is ridiculous. Might imaginably be the date it became an apartment building rather than a hotel, but even for that I would guess decades earlier. And, yes, I already found the Ennerdale fire. Also that there used to be a Woodmen of the World building on the south side of the Windermere, to complement the Elks, Shriners, and Eagles across the street.
• @Alansplodge: Bundy Museum is a good thought; amusingly, the person I was visiting in Binghamton is the Poet in Residence there, Barrett Wolf. I guess because of the nature of this involvement there, I wasn't particularly thinking of it also being a history museum.

Jmabel | Talk 06:15, 25 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]

I thought about posting on the science desk. I've noticed that, mainly on Reddit, the downvote button could be called the "disagree button" and it would be less ambiguous. I mean civil disagreements, not a particularly bad take. Luckily I rarely bother to participate, preferring to lurk. Is it mostly confirmation bias, or there are other dynamics at work? Is the brain happy when your own beliefs are further validated? Do you get some kind of rush that makes further Redditing addicting? Matt714931 (talk) 21:10, 24 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]

Cognitive dissonance may create a feeling of discomfort, and rather than coping with viewpoints that do not align with one's own in a rational manner, people may just discard them as being unpalatable. Does the converse hold and do messages that confirm one's own viewpoints elicit positive feelings? The abstract of this study begins with, "Normative social conformity has been proposed to elicit a hedonic reward signal that is dissociable from informational inferences about decision outcomes", and its introduction states, "Intriguingly, alignment of evaluative judgements has been shown to correlate with BOLD activity in brain regions heavily implicated in reward processing, and such demonstrations have been taken to suggest that normative conformity elicits a generic reward signal". (I suppose "BOLD" is an acronym for "blood-oxygen-level dependent".) This appears to confirm your hypothesis. Are you happy now? Then don't read the paper, because an experiment designed to confirm this social reward hypothesis failed to produce the expected result.  ​‑‑Lambiam 10:00, 25 February 2026 (UTC)[reply]