Pupil Day (Iran)

Anniversary of 13 Aban; Pupil Day, Iran

Pupil Day (Persian: روز دانش‌آموز) in Iran falls on 13 Aban (typically November 4). According to records from the Foundation of Martyrs and Veterans Affairs, the day commemorates the death of two individuals—one of whom was a student—during the 1979 Revolution protests on the morning of November 4, 1978 (13 Aban 1357 SH) at the University of Tehran.[1][2]

Event

On the morning of November 4, 1978, students in Tehran gathered on the campus of the University of Tehran as a sign of protest. They were targeted by security forces under the government of Jafar Sharif-Emami.[3][4]

During this demonstration, which included participation from other social groups, security forces used tear gas and live ammunition. According to documented reports, one student was killed and three others were injured during the clash.[5]

Origin of naming

On February 5, 1979 (16 Bahman 1357 SH), a group of students from schools in the capital issued a statement declaring: "We, the Iranian students, declare Saturday, November 4, 1978 (13 Aban), as 'Pupil Day' and intend to commemorate the martyrs of the student movement annually to strengthen our unity."[6][7] To honor this occasion, 13 Aban was officially incorporated into the Iranian calendar as Pupil Day.

Casualties

The reported number of casualties is a subject of significant discrepancy. Some Iranian state-affiliated archives, such as the Center for Historical Documents Investigation, claim that 56 people were killed. However, these accounts often employ highly partisan and non-neutral terminology, describing the government of the time as a "bloodthirsty regime" (saffak) and its security forces as "executioners" (dezhkhiman).[8] These figures are not corroborated by official martyr databases or independent historical research, such as those by Emadaddin Baghi, which report far fewer confirmed deaths.[9]

See also

References

  1. ^ "File of Mehdi Fatemi," Department of Documents and Publications of the Foundation of Martyrs and Veterans Affairs; *Culture of Martyrs' Proclamations: Counties of Tehran Province*, published by Shahed, 2016, p. 367.
  2. ^ "The bullets of the executioner melted in the blood of the youth," *Saf Magazine*, December 24, 1979, p. 8.
  3. ^ "13 Aban: History of three major events in Iran", Aftab News, November 3, 2010.
  4. ^ "America was defeated by the Iranian nation in the 13 Aban incident", Tasnim News Agency, November 3, 2019.
  5. ^ "Arrest, Exile, and Migration of the Imam," *Javanan Emrouz Magazine*, November 17, 1980, p. 9.
  6. ^ "Students' March in Tehran," Kayhan, January 22, 1979, p. 6.
  7. ^ *Calendar of the History of the Islamic Revolution*, Soroush Publications, Tehran, 1990, p. 260.
  8. ^ "13 Aban: The Day of the Pupil's Punch to the Mouth of Arrogance" (in Persian). Center for Historical Documents Investigation (Markaz-e Barrasi-ye Asnad-e Tarikhi). Retrieved February 22, 2026. The source describes the 1978 government as a "bloodthirsty regime" (saffak) and claims 56 deaths. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |note= ignored (help)
  9. ^ Baghi, Emadaddin. *A Study of the Iranian Revolution*. Tafakkur Publications, 1991, p. 445.
allikas: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pupil_Day_(Iran)