Milove

Milove
Мілове
Меловое
Rural settlement
Milove is located in Luhansk Oblast
Milove
Milove
Location of Milove in Luhansk Oblast
Milove is located in Ukraine
Milove
Milove
Location of Milove in Ukraine
Coordinates: 49°22′40″N 40°07′50″E / 49.37778°N 40.13056°E / 49.37778; 40.13056
Country Ukraine
OblastLuhansk Oblast
RaionStarobilsk Raion
HromadaMilove settlement hromada
Area
605 km2 (234 sq mi)
Population
 (2022)
5,680

Milove (Ukrainian: Мілове; Russian: Меловое, romanized: Melovoye) is the easternmost rural settlement the nominal administrative center of Milove settlement hromada in the Starobilsk Raion of Luhansk Oblast in eastern Ukraine. Population: 5,680 (2022 estimate)[1]. Prior to 2020, it was the administrative centre of the former Milove Raion. The town is currently occupied by Russian troops.

The town is adjacent to the Russian town of Chertkovo in Rostov Oblast.[2] Its train station used to be on the Russian side of the border at Chertkovo railway station.

Etymology

The name of the settlement is derived from the name of the Milova River [uk], which name is derived from Russian name of the river - Меловая, which literally means "Chalky". The river is so named because there are chalk layers in a high ridge in the area of the river's source.[3]

Geography

It is located on the border with Russia. The line of the North Caucasian Railway divides it into two parts. On the Russian side there is the Chertkovo settlement. The railway station is located on the other side of the railroad, in Russia. There was a border control point Milove-Chertkovo on the border with Russia.

History

After the construction of the Voronezh–Rostov railroad was completed in 1872, the khutir of Milove emerged near Chertkovo station as a small settlement in the Markovka Volost of the Starobelsky Uyezd in the Kharkov Governorate of the Russian Empire.[4] Soviet rule was established there in January 1918[5], and in 1938 the settlement received the status of an urban-type settlement. During World War II, Milove was occupied by German forces from July 1942 to January 16, 1943, serving as an entrenched stronghold, and later became a Soviet stronghold[4][5] during the Battle of Kursk.[6] The hostilities and the German occupation caused 56.6 million rubles in damage, with the buildings of the collective farm and the MTS, the mill, the House of Culture, the library, the school, the nursery, the printing house, and half of all houses completely destroyed or burned down, after which reconstruction began.

In 1948, a tree nursery was established on the outskirts of the settlement.[4] By 1953, Milove had a butter factory, a secondary school, a House of Culture, and a library[7], and in January 1959 its population reached 4,592 people (1,964 men and 2,628 women)[8]. The Starobilsk Veterinary College was transferred to Milove in 1964[4]. In 1972, to commemorate its liberation from Nazi occupation, a museum dedicated to this history was opened[9], and the monument "Ukraine to the Liberators" was installed.[10] By 1973, the settlement hosted a butter factory, the veterinary college, and both a historical and a local history museum.[10]

In 1980, with a population of 5.5 thousand people, Milove had a pilot plant producing vegetable fats and proteins, a rayon agricultural machinery enterprise, a consumer services combine, two secondary schools, a music school, a sports school, a hospital, a House of Culture, two libraries, and a museum of geology.[5] In January 1989, the population reached 5,921 people (2,700 men and 3,221 women).[11]

After Ukraine declared independence, Milove found itself on the state border with Russia, where the customs post “Milove” was established[12] under the responsibility of the Luhansk border patrol guard of the Eastern Regional Department of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine.[13] The settlements of Milove (Ukraine) and Chertkovo (Russia) are divided by Friendship of Peoples Street, which stretches about three kilometers and also functions as the state border. Nearly 500 Ukrainian and Russian residents live along this street. On the Russian side are the Chertkovsky elevator, the railroad station, and a meat processing plant, while the Ukrainian side contains the Milove Refined Oils Plant (no longer in operation), an energy company, and a large market square. From 2004 to 2013, Milove hosted the annual international festival of modern and traditional Ukrainian and Russian songs “Friendship Street”[14], during which the border was de facto open.[15]

In May 1995, the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine approved the privatization of the local repair and transport enterprise[16], followed in July 1995 by the privatization of the raion agricultural machinery and raion agricultural chemistry enterprises.[17] At the outbreak of the war in Donbas, Milove was not heavily affected[2], though on November 12, 2014, a Ukrainian border guard office was hit with a grenade launcher, causing no casualties. Rising political tensions led to the installation of security cameras on the Russian side of the border and the construction of a fence on the Ukrainian side.[2][18][19] On November 27, 2015, two Russian servicemen were detained in the settlement and later exchanged back to Russian authorities.[20]

Milove was occupied by Russian forces on February 24, 2022, during the Russian invasion of Ukraine.[21] It is currently administered as part of the Lugansk People's Republic of Russia.

Demographics

As of Ukraine's national census in 2001, Milove had a population of 5,611 people. The linguistic structure of the town is diverse, since also a significant share of the ethnic Ukrainian population living in Milove speaks the Russian language natively. The exact linguistic composition of the settlement was as follows:[22]

Native languages in Milove
percent
Ukrainian
 
 57.7%
Russian
 
 40.1%
Armenian
 
 1.5%
Belarusian
 
 0.2%
others
 
 0.5%

Cityscape

  • Memorial Complex "Ukraine to the Liberators"
Panorama of the monument "Ukraine to the Liberators"

Infrastructure

Transportation

Local highway T-13-07 passes through the settlement.[23] The nearest railway station Chertkovo[5][7] on the partially deconstructed old Zhuravka - Bochenkovo track (part of the Moscow-Kazanskaya - Rostov-Glavny main line)[10] is the junction point of the North Caucasus and South Eastern Railway.

Notable people

Twin towns – sister cities

References

  1. ^ Чисельність наявного населення України на 1 січня 2022 [Number of Present Population of Ukraine, as of January 1, 2022] (PDF) (in Ukrainian and English). Kyiv: State Statistics Service of Ukraine. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 July 2022.
  2. ^ a b c Ukraine crisis: Life on street dividing Ukraine and Russia, BBC News (29 August 2015)
  3. ^ Микола Тимофійович, Янко; Міжнар. фонд "Відродження" (1998). "Мілова". Топонімічний словник України: словник-довідник (in Ukrainian). Київ: Знання. p. 230. ISBN 5-7707-9443-7.
  4. ^ a b c d Алексєєва, Л. (1968). "Мілове" [Milove]. Історія міст і сіл Української РСР. Луганська область [History of cities and villages of the Ukrainian SSR. Luhansk oblast] (PDF) (in Ukrainian). Київ: Головна редакція УРЕ АН УРСР. pp. 530–544.
  5. ^ a b c d Мілове // Українська радянська енциклопедія : у 12 т. / гол. ред. М. П. Бажан ; редкол.: О. К. Антонов та ін. — 2-ге вид. — К. : Головна редакція УРЕ, 1981. — Т. 6 : Куликів — Мікроклімат. — 552 с., [22] арк. іл. : іл., табл., портр., карти + 1 арк с.
  6. ^ История второй мировой войны (в 12 тт.). том 7. / редколл., гл. ред. А. А. Гречко. М., Воениздат, 1976. стр.150, 153
  7. ^ a b Меловое // Большая Советская Энциклопедия. / редколл., гл. ред. Б. А. Введенский. 2-е изд. том 27. М., Государственное научное издательство «Большая Советская энциклопедия», 1954. стр.113
  8. ^ Всесоюзная перепись населения 1959 г.
  9. ^ Про затвердження переліку музеїв, що перебувають у віданні підприємств, установ та організацій, де зберігаються музейні колекції та музейні предмети, що є державною власністю і належать до державної частини Музейного фонду України [On approval of the list of museums managed by enterprises, institutions and organizations where museum collections and museum objects that are state property and belong to the state part of the Museum Fund of Ukraine are deposited] (Ordinance 1766) (in Ukrainian). Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine. 29 November 2000.
  10. ^ a b c Меловое // Большая Советская Энциклопедия. / под ред. А. М. Прохорова. 3-е изд. том 16. М., «Советская энциклопедия», 1974. стр. 53
  11. ^ Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность городского населения союзных республик, их территориальных единиц, городских поселений и городских районов по полу
  12. ^ "Митний пост "Мілове"" [Custom post "Milove"]. Territorial bodies of the SFS in Luhansk oblast (in Ukrainian). State Fiscal Service of Ukraine. Archived from the original on 18 August 2017.
  13. ^ "3 прикордонний загін імені Героя України полковника Євгенія Пікуса". Державна прикордонна служба України (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 9 February 2024.
  14. ^ "На Луганщине пройдет фестиваль "Улица Дружбы"" [Luhansk oblast will host "Friendship Street" festival]. Украинские Национальные Новости (in Russian). 9 October 2010. Archived from the original on 23 August 2017.
  15. ^ Huba, Roman. "Паркан дружби народів" [Friendship of Peoples Fence]. zaborona.com (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 9 February 2024. Громадяни двох країн, за розповідями місцевих, перебігали один до одного в гості, а прикордонники часто закривали на це очі. [Citizens of the two countries, according to local residents, ran to visit each other, and border guards often ignored this.]
  16. ^ Перелік об'єктів, що підлягають обов'язковій приватизації у 1995 році [List of Objects Subject to Mandatory Privatization in 1995] (Ordinance 343б) (in Ukrainian). Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine. 15 May 1995.
  17. ^ Про доповнення переліку об'єктів, що підлягають обов'язковій приватизації у 1995 році [On Supplementing the List of Objects Subject to Mandatory Privatization in 1995] (Ordinance 538) (in Ukrainian). Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine. 20 July 1995.
  18. ^ Khomenko, Svyatoslav (2015-08-29). "Life on street dividing Ukraine and Russia". BBC News.
  19. ^ (in Ukrainian) На Луганщині бойовики невдало атакували прикордонний наряд In Luhansk insurgents unsuccessfully attacked the border patrol, Espresso TV (12 November 2014)
  20. ^ "UNIAN news. The latest news in Ukraine and worldwide".
  21. ^ Troianovski, Anton; MacFarquhar, Neil (2022-02-23). "Ukraine Live Updates: Russia Begins Invasion From Land and Sea". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2022-02-24.
  22. ^ "Рідні мови в об'єднаних територіальних громадах України". socialdata.org.ua.
  23. ^ Tumanova, Tonia (3 April 2012). "На Луганщине закрыто движение автотранспорта по пяти дорогам местного значения" [Five local roads in Luhansk oblast closed to vehicular traffic]. Украинские Национальные Новости (in Russian). Archived from the original on 24 August 2017.
allikas: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milove