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Marc Hauser sitting between Jon Meacham (far left) and Daniel Dennett (center), World Science Festival

Marc D. Hauser (born October 25, 1959) is an American evolutionary biologist and a researcher in primate behavior, animal cognition and human behavior and neuroscience. Hauser was a professor of psychology at Harvard University from 1998 to 2011. In 2010 Harvard found him guilty of research misconduct, specifically fabricating and falsifying data, after which he resigned.[1][2] Because Hauser's research was financed by government grants, the Office of Research Integrity of the Health and Human Services Department also investigated, finding in 2012 that Hauser had fabricated data, manipulated experimental results, and published falsified findings.[3]

Research and publications

Hauser's research topics include evolutionary biology, cognitive neuroscience, cognitive evolution, and language evolution.[4] Hauser's internet-based 'The Moral Sense Test' involved presenting participants a series of hypothetical moral dilemmas and requesting them to provide a judgment.[5] Since his resignation from Harvard, Hauser has continued to publish his research in the fields of cognitive neuroscience and comparative psychology[6] and also in the field of education.[7]

Books and essays

Books
  • The Evolution of Communication (1996)[8]
  • Wild Minds: What Animals Really Think (2000)[9]
  • Moral Minds: How Nature Designed Our Universal Sense of Right and Wrong (2006)[10]
  • Evilicious: Cruelty = Desire + Denial (2013)[11][12]

Scientific misconduct

In 2007, Harvard University announced an internal investigation of alleged scientific misconduct by Hauser. On August 20, 2010, Michael Smith, Dean of Harvard's Faculty of Arts and Sciences, released a statement confirming that an internal investigation had found Hauser guilty of eight counts of scientific misconduct.[13] Three counts involved published papers, and five involved unpublished studies. The statement said that Harvard was cooperating with further investigations by the US Office of Research Integrity, the National Science Foundation Office of Inspector General, and the U.S. Attorney for the District of Massachusetts. They stated that they would conduct their own review and make their conclusions available to the public.[14][1]

While Harvard confirmed that Hauser committed misconduct, scientists continued to criticize Harvard over a lack of transparency in the investigation. However, Harvard stated that "in cases where the government concludes scientific misconduct occurred, the federal agency makes those findings publicly available."[15] The lack of transparency evoked substantial speculation. Writing in The New York Times in August 2010, Nicholas Wade summarized:

Further reading

See also

References

  1. 1 2 "Marc Hauser's Fall From Grace". The Harvard Crimson. September 14, 2010. Retrieved October 5, 2014.
  2. 1 2 Kumar, Gautam; Julia Ryan (July 19, 2011). "Embattled Professor Marc Hauser Will Resign from Harvard". Harvard Crimson. Retrieved October 27, 2011.
  3. 1 2 Johnson, C., 2012. Former Harvard professor Marc Hauser fabricated, manipulated data, US says Boston Globe [online] September 5 [Accessed September 12, 2012]
  4. ↑ Marc D. Hauser; Noam Chomsky; W. Tecumseh Fitch (2002). "The faculty of language: What is it, who has it, and how did it evolve?". Science. 298 (5598): 1569–79. doi:10.1126/science.298.5598.1569. PMID 12446899.
  5. ↑ "The Moral Sense Test". harvard.edu. Archived from the original on October 22, 2014. Retrieved October 5, 2014.
  6. ↑ Froesel, Mathilda; Goudard, Quentin; Hauser, Marc; Gacoin, Maëva; Ben Hamed, Suliann (October 21, 2020). "Automated video-based heart rate tracking for the anesthetized and behaving monkey". Scientific Reports. 10 (1): 17940. Bibcode:2020NatSR..1017940F. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-74954-5. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 7578008. PMID 33087832.
  7. ↑ Hauser, Marc D. (2021). "How Early Life Adversity Transforms the Learning Brain". Mind, Brain, and Education. 15: 35–47. doi:10.1111/mbe.12277. S2CID 230601439.
  8. ↑ Hauser, Marc (2000). The Evolution of Communication. ISBN 0262082500.
  9. ↑ Hauser, Marc (2000). Wild Minds. Harper Collins. ISBN 0060780703.
  10. ↑ Hauser, Marc (2006). Moral Minds. ISBN 0805056696.
  11. ↑ Evilicious contents Deprecated link archived December 5, 2013, at archive.today on Hauser's website
  12. ↑ Discussion by Retraction Watch, a blog that tracked the earlier research controversy, and puts the book's mixed reviews in context.
  13. ↑ "FAS Dean Smith Confirms Scientific Misconduct by Marc Hauser". Harvard Magazine. August 20, 2010. Retrieved August 26, 2010.
  14. ↑ "Harvard Confirms 'Hausergate'". Chronicle of Higher Education. August 12, 2010. Retrieved August 26, 2010.
  15. ↑ Wade, Nicholas (August 12, 2010). "Inquiry on Harvard Lab Threatens Ripple Effect". The New York Times.
  16. ↑ Wade, Nicholas (August 20, 2010). "Harvard Finds Scientist Guilty of Misconduct". The New York Times.
  17. ↑ Johnson, Carolyn Y. (September 1, 2010). "Citing misconduct inquiry, Harvard professor cancels classes". The Boston Globe.
  18. ↑ "Embattled Harvard professor barred from teaching". The Boston Globe. Archived from the original on October 6, 2011.
  19. ↑ Bartlett, Tom (July 19, 2011). "Marc Hauser Resigns From Harvard". Chronicle of Higher Education. Retrieved October 27, 2011.
  20. ↑ NIH, 2012. Findings of Research Misconduct Press release, September 10, 2012 [Accessed September 12, 2012]
  21. ↑ "Findings of Research Misconduct". federalregister.gov. September 6, 2012. Retrieved October 5, 2014.
  22. ↑ Wade, Nicholas (August 12, 2010). "Inquiry on Harvard Lab Threatens Ripple Effect". The New York Times.
  23. 1 2 Hauser MD, Wood JN (2011). "Replication of 'Rhesus monkeys correctly read the goal-relevant gestures of a human agent'". Proc. Biol. Sci. 278 (1702): 158–9. doi:10.1098/rspb.2010.1441. PMC 2992735. PMID 21155189.
  24. ↑ Miller, Greg (April 25, 2011). "Science Publishes Replication of 2007 Hauser Study". Science. Retrieved May 3, 2011.
  25. ↑ Wood, J. N.; Glynn, D. D.; Phillips, B. C.; Hauser, M. D. (2007). "The Perception of Rational, Goal-Directed Action in Nonhuman Primates". Science. 317 (5843): 1402–1405. Bibcode:2007Sci...317.1402W. doi:10.1126/science.1144663. PMID 17823353. S2CID 18180566.
  26. ↑ Hauser, M; J. Kralik; C. Borro-Mahan; M. Garret; J. Oser (November 1995). "Self-recognition in primates: Phylogeny and the salience of species-typical features". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 92 (23): 10811–10814. Bibcode:1995PNAS...9210811H. doi:10.1073/pnas.92.23.10811. PMC 40702. PMID 7479889.
  27. 1 2 Johnson, Carolyn (August 10, 2010). "Author on leave after Harvard inquiry". The Boston Globe. Archived from the original on August 14, 2010.
  28. ↑ "Scientific misconduct: Monkey business?". Economist. August 26, 2010. Retrieved August 28, 2010.
  29. 1 2 Anderson, JR; Gallup (1997). "Self-recognition in Saguinus? A critical essay". Anim Behav. 54 (6): 1563–7. doi:10.1006/anbe.1997.0548. PMID 9521801. S2CID 140206432.
  30. ↑ Hauser, MD; J. Kralik (December 1997). "Life beyond the mirror: a reply to Anderson & Gallup". Animal Behaviour. 54 (6): 1568–1571. doi:10.1006/anbe.1997.0549. PMID 9521802. S2CID 22836237.
  31. ↑ Hauser, Marc; Cory Thomas Miller; Katie Liu; Renu Gupta (March 2001). "Cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus) fail to show mirror-guided self-exploration". American Journal of Primatology. 53 (3): 131–137. doi:10.1002/1098-2345(200103)53:3<131::AID-AJP4>3.0.CO;2-X. PMID 11253848. S2CID 17250348.
  32. ↑ "Monkey business? 2002 Cognition paper retracted as prominent psychologist Marc Hauser takes leave from Harvard". RetractionWatch. August 10, 2010. Retrieved August 26, 2010.
  33. 1 2 Wade, Nicholas (August 13, 2010). "In Inquiry at Marc Hauser's Harvard Lab, a Raid and Then a 3-Year Wait". The New York Times. p. 2.
  34. ↑ "Updated: Harvard says Marc Hauser guilty of science misconduct". USA Today. August 20, 2010. Retrieved August 26, 2010.
  35. ↑ Bartlett, Tom (August 19, 2010). "Document Sheds Light on Investigation at Harvard". The Chronicle of Higher Education. Retrieved August 21, 2010.
  36. ↑ Aldhous, Peter (August 20, 2010). "Misconduct probe in Harvard animal morality lab". New Scientist.
  37. 1 2 Altmann, Gerry. "Harvard misconduct: setting the record straight". Archived from the original on September 2, 2010. Retrieved August 27, 2010.
  38. ↑ Miller, Greg (August 27, 2010). "Journal Editor Says He Believes Retracted Hauser Paper Contains Fabricated Data". Science Insider. Archived from the original on August 29, 2010. Retrieved August 27, 2010.
  39. ↑ Johnson, Carolyn (August 27, 2010). "Journal editor questions Harvard researcher's data". The Boston Globe. Archived from the original on August 28, 2010. Retrieved August 27, 2010.
  40. ↑ Wade, Nicholas (August 27, 2010). "Harvard Researcher May Have Fabricated Data". The New York Times. Retrieved August 27, 2010.
allikas: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc_Hauser

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