As of 18 February 2025, almost 50,000 people – 48,291 Palestinian^[3] and 1,706 Israeli^[b] – have been reported killed in the Gaza war according to the official figures of the Gaza Health Ministry, as well as 166 journalists and media workers,^[c] 120 academics,^[27] and over 224 humanitarian aid workers, a number that includes 179 employees of UNRWA.^[28] Scholars have estimated 80% of Palestinians killed are civilians.^{[5][4][6][29]} A study by OHCHR, that verified fatalities from three independent sources, found that 70% of the Palestinian killed in residential buildings or similar housing were women and children.^[30][31]

The majority of casualties have been in the Gaza Strip. The Gaza Health Ministry (GHM) total casualty count is the number of deaths directly caused by the war. The demographic breakdown is a subset of those individually identified.^[32][33] On 17 September 2024, the GHM published the names, gender and birth date of 34,344 individual Palestinians whose identities were confirmed and continues to attempt to identify all casualties.^[32] The GHM count does not include those who have died from "preventable disease, malnutrition and other consequences of the war".^[34] An analysis by the Gaza Health Projections Working Group predicted thousands of excess deaths from disease and birth complications.^[35]

In January 2025, a peer-reviewed analysis of deaths in the Gaza war between October 2023 and 30 June 2024 was published in The Lancet. The paper estimated 64,260 deaths from traumatic injury during this period, and likely exceeding 70,000 by October 2024, with 59.1% of them being women, children and the elderly. It concluded that the GHM underestimated trauma-related deaths by 41% in its report, and also noted that its findings "underestimate the full impact of the military operation in Gaza, as they do not account for non-trauma-related deaths resulting from health service disruption, food insecurity, and inadequate water and sanitation."^[36]

A survey by PCPSR reported showed over 60% of Gazans have lost family members since the war began.^[37][38] Thousands of more dead bodies are thought to be under the rubble of destroyed buildings.^[39][40] The number of injured is greater than 100,000;^[41] Gaza has the most amputated children per capita in the world.^[42]

The 7 October attacks on Israel killed 1,195 people, including 815 civilians.^[1] A further 806 Palestinians have been killed in the occupied West Bank (including East Jerusalem).^[43] Casualties have also occurred in other parts of Israel, as well as in southern Lebanon,^[44] Syria,^[45] Yemen,^[46] and Iran.^[47]