Gerard Adriaan Heineken

Gerard Adriaan Heineken
Gerard Adriaan Heineken, c. 1870s
Born28 September 1841[1]
Amsterdam, Netherlands[1]
Died18 March 1893[1]
Amsterdam, Netherlands[1]
OccupationsBrewer; businessman
Known forFounding the brewery that became Heineken N.V.

Gerard Adriaan Heineken (28 September 1841 – 18 March 1893) was a Dutch brewer who acquired the Amsterdam brewery De Hooiberg in 1864 and developed it into the foundation of the company later known as Heineken N.V..[2][3]

Early life

Heineken was born in Amsterdam to Cornelis Heineken and Anna Geertruida van der Paauw. He grew up in a merchant household.[1]

Career

Former Heineken brewery on Stadhouderskade, Amsterdam.

On 15 February 1864 he arranged the purchase of the Amsterdam brewery De Hooiberg ("The Haystack").[4] De Hooiberg had been established in 1592.[5][6] In 1873 he reorganised it into what became Heinekens Bierbrouwerij Maatschappij (HBM). He also moved it to the Stadhouderskade (Street in Amsterdam) site in those years.[3]

During the 1870s the business shifted production from traditional top-fermented beer to Bavarian-style bottom-fermented lager; their board decided on January 1873 the discontinuation of "Hollandsch bier" in favour of Bavarian beer at the Stadhouderskade brewery.[2][7] Expansion included a second production site in Rotterdam in the mid 1870s (Crooswijksesingel/Crooswijk).[8]

Heineken supported laboratory-based quality control and the adoption of pure yeast culture. By 1886, the company’s Rotterdam laboratory, led by Hartog Elion, was cultivating pure yeast strains later known as A-yeast (and D-yeast).[9][10]

Heineken's brewery gained international recognition. In 1875 it was awarded the Médaille d'Or (Gold Medal) at the International Maritime Exposition in Paris, and in 1883 it received the Diplôme d'Honneur (Honorary Diploma) at the International Colonial and Export Exhibition in Amsterdam.[11][12] Both awards are still referenced on the brand's label.[13]

Family

In April 6, 1871 Heineken married Marie ("Mary") Tindal.[1][14] Their son Henry Pierre Heineken was born in 1886; questions of paternity became public in the 2010s, although it was discussed within the family and had been revealed in 1890.[15] After Heineken's death in 1893, management remained with the directors; his son joined the board in 1914 and became chairman in 1917.[16]

Legacy

Heineken contributed to Amsterdam's civic and cultural life. In 1885 he donated his coin and medal collection to the city's museum collections, augmenting existing municipal holdings.[17][18]

Through his early adoption of industrial brewing methods and export orientation, he established the foundation for the enterprise that would evolve into Heineken N.V., one of the world's largest breweries as of 2025.[19]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f van der Zijl, Annejet (2014). Gerard Heineken: de man, de stad en het bier [Gerard Heineken: The man, the city and the beer] (in Dutch). Overamstel Uitgevers. ISBN 978-90-214-5556-3. Retrieved 8 November 2025.
  2. ^ a b Thömmes, Günther (7 June 2022). "Giganten der Biergeschichte: Gerard Adriaan Heineken [Giants of brewing history: Gerard Adriaan Heineken]". Brauwelt (in German). Retrieved 8 November 2025.
  3. ^ a b "834 Archief van Heineken N.V. [Archive of Heineken N.V.]". Stadsarchief Amsterdam (in Dutch). Retrieved 8 November 2025.
  4. ^ "Gerard Adriaan Heineken (1841–1893), de man achter het wereldmerk [Gerard Adriaan Heineken (1841–1893), the man behind the global brand]". Oneindig Noord-Holland (in Dutch). 14 April 2015. Retrieved 8 November 2025.
  5. ^ "Stoombierbrouwerij De Hooiberg [Steam Beer Brewery The Haystack]". Nederlandse Biercultuur (in Dutch). Retrieved 8 November 2025.
  6. ^ Keetie Sluyterman, Bram Bouwens (2014). Heineken: 150 jaar [Heineken: 150 Years] (PDF) (in Dutch). Boom uitgevers. Retrieved 8 November 2025.
  7. ^ "Gerard Heineken, man of the world". Heineken Collection Foundation. 3 March 2020. Retrieved 8 November 2025.
  8. ^ "Alfred Henry Heineken (1923–2002) – Familienunternehmen und Industriekultur [Family firm and industrial heritage]". European Route of Industrial Heritage (in German). Retrieved 8 November 2025.
  9. ^ "Louis Pasteur and the mysterious yeast". Heineken Collection Foundation. Retrieved 9 November 2025.
  10. ^ Alex N. Salazar, Arthur R. Gorter de Vries, Marcel van den Broek, Nick Brouwers, Pilar de la Torre Cortès, Niels G. A. Kuijpers, Jean-Marc G. Daran, Thomas Abeel (2019). "Chromosome level assembly and comparative genome analysis confirm lager-brewing yeasts originated from a single hybridization". BMC Genomics. 20 (916) 916. doi:10.1186/s12864-019-6263-3. PMC 6889557. Elion isolated the Heineken A-yeast in 1886{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  11. ^ "A golden moment". Heineken Collection Foundation. Retrieved 8 November 2025.
  12. ^ "The Amsterdam World Exhibitions 1883 & 1895". DenRon Collections. 2020. Retrieved 8 November 2025.
  13. ^ "History – Heineken Brouwerijen B.V. (Heineken Brewery)". Difford's Guide. Retrieved 8 November 2025.
  14. ^ "Huwelijk, Amsterdam: Gerard Adriaan Heineken en Maria (Marie) Tindal [Marriage, Amsterdam: Gerard Adriaan Heineken and Maria (Marie) Tindal]". Open Archieven (Noord-Hollands Archief) (in Dutch). 6 April 1871. Retrieved 9 November 2025.
  15. ^ "Freddy was geen Heineken [Freddy was not a Heineken]". NOS (in Dutch). 5 February 2014. Retrieved 8 November 2025.
  16. ^ Verduijn, J. K. (2007). Tales of entrepreneurship: Contributions to understanding entrepreneurial life (PDF) (Thesis). Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam. pp. 82, 86. Retrieved 8 November 2025.
  17. ^ "Verzameling G. A. Heineken, schenking 1885 [Collection G. A. Heineken, donation 1885]". Amsterdam Museum Collection Online (in Dutch). Retrieved 8 November 2025.
  18. ^ Judith van Gent (10 October 2017). "Het legaat Heineken [The Heineken legacy]". Amsterdam Museum (in Dutch). Retrieved 8 November 2025.
  19. ^ Emma Rumney (12 February 2025). "Heineken's shares surge on strong profit performance, share buyback". Reuters. Retrieved 8 November 2025.

Commons

allikas: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerard_Adriaan_Heineken