Saint-Pierre, Saint Pierre and Miquelon

St. Pierre
Saint-Pierre
Commune and territorial capital
View of Saint-Pierre
View of Saint-Pierre
Motto: 
A mare labor
("The work [comes] from the sea")
Location of St. Pierre
St. Pierre is located in Saint Pierre and Miquelon
St. Pierre
St. Pierre
Location in Saint Pierre and Miquelon
St. Pierre is located in North America
St. Pierre
St. Pierre
Location in North America
Coordinates: 46°46′54″N 56°10′25″W / 46.78167°N 56.17361°W / 46.78167; -56.17361
CountryFrance
Overseas collectivitySaint Pierre and Miquelon
Historic countriesKingdom of France (New France)
Kingdom of Great Britain (British America)
First occupation (seasonal)c. 1500s,
by European fishermen
First settled1670
Founded1713
Constituted13 May 1872
Government
 • TypeSaint-Pierre Municipal Council
 • MayorYannick Cambray[1]
Area
 • Total
25 km2 (9.7 sq mi)
Elevation
207 m (679 ft)
Lowest elevation
0 m (0 ft)
Population
 (2022)[2]
 • Total
5,223
DemonymSaint-Pierrais
Time zoneUTC−03:00 (PM)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−02:00 (DST)
Postal code
97500
INSEE
97502
Websitemairie-stpierre.fr

Saint-Pierre (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ pjɛʁ] ⓘ) is the capital of the French collectivité d'outre-mer (territory) of Saint Pierre and Miquelon, off the coast of the Canadian island of Newfoundland. Saint-Pierre is the more populous of the two communes (municipalities) making up Saint Pierre and Miquelon.

Etymology

The commune is named after Saint Peter, who is one of the patron saints of fishermen.[3]

Geography

The commune of Saint-Pierre is made up of the island of Saint Pierre proper and several nearby smaller islands, such as Île-aux-Marins. Although containing nearly 90% of the inhabitants of Saint Pierre and Miquelon, the commune of Saint-Pierre is considerably smaller in terms of area than the commune of Miquelon-Langlade, which lies to its northwest on Miquelon Island.

The main settlement and communal seat is situated on the north side of a harbour called Barachois, which faces the Atlantic Ocean, on the Saint-Pierre Island's east coast. The mouth of the harbour is guarded by a small chain of islands.

Climate

The city of St. Pierre experiences a subarctic climate (Köppen Dfc) featuring long cold winters and short warm summers despite being only located close to the 47th parallel north.

Paris is located further north at close to the 49th parallel north but located across the Atlantic experiences much milder temperatures.

History

Jacques Cartier claimed the islands for France in 1536, after they were discovered by the Portuguese in 1520. A report written in 1670 by the first intendant of New France, Jean Talon, which mentions the presence of thirteen fishermen and four sedentary inhabitants.[4]

At the end of the Seven Years' War in 1763, the islands were turned over to Britain; it was given back to France in 1816.

Saint-Pierre was an outpost used to transport alcohol from Canada to the United States during Prohibition.[5]

Until 1945, there existed a third commune in Saint Pierre and Miquelon: Île-aux-Marins. The commune of Île-aux-Marins was annexed by the commune of Saint-Pierre in 1945.

Demographics

The population of Saint-Pierre in 2022 was 5,223;[2] many of them are of Basque, Breton, Norman or Acadian descent.[citation needed] All inhabitants in the commune live on the island of Saint-Pierre proper.

Government

See also: Municipal governments in Saint Pierre and Miquelon

The commune is led by a mayor and a council. The current mayor, elected in 2020, is Yannick Cambray.[6]

Landmarks

Saint-Pierre under snow.
Saint-Pierre on a cloudy day.

Close to the centre of the harbour's edge lie the Post office and Custom House (staffed by Directorate-General of Customs and Indirect Taxes), behind which is General Charles de Gaulle Square, the town's centre.

Other prominent landmarks include the St. Pierre Cathedral, to the north of the square, rebuilt from 1905 to 1907 after a major fire, and the Pointe aux Canons Lighthouse, at the mouth of the harbour. Further north, close to the town's former hospital, is the Fronton Zazpiak Bat - an arena for the traditional Basque sport of pelota.

  • General Charles de Gaulle Square
    General Charles de Gaulle Square
  • The Cathedral in Saint-Pierre
    The Cathedral in Saint-Pierre
  • Pointe aux Canons Lighthouse in Saint Pierre
    Pointe aux Canons Lighthouse in Saint Pierre
  • Fronton Zazpiak Bat arena in Saint-Pierre
    Fronton Zazpiak Bat arena in Saint-Pierre

Services

The François Dunan Hospital Centre (opened in 2011[7]) is the only hospital in Saint Pierre and Miquelon. There is an attached senior home offering health services at the Maison de retraite Eglantine.[8]

Additionally, there is a municipal library, opened in the 1970s, and a municipal sailing school, opened in 1986.[9]

Transportation

Saint-Pierre Pointe-Blanche Airport, the international airport of Saint-Pierre and Miquelon, is located south of the settlement of Saint-Pierre and is served by Air Saint-Pierre with flights both to Miquelon Airport, five Canadian airports and seasonal service to Paris.

SPM Ferries provides ferry connections with Fortune, Newfoundland, Canada; the port in Miquelon town; and a quay at La Colo on Langlade.[10][11] BPE runs a ferry between Saint-Pierre town and Île-aux-Marins.[12][13]

Transport around the island itself is either by private car, or by taxi, cars with drivers for hire, or car or bike rental. There are no public buses or railways on Saint Pierre.[14]

Radio and television

Education

Public primary schools in the commune:[15]

  • École maternelle Île aux Enfants - As of 2025, this Kindergarten school had 60 students.
  • École élémentaire du Feu-Rouge - As of 2016 it had 172 students. In 2025, that number has plummeted to 118. It is in the downtown area of the commune and is one nautical cable from the Île aux Enfants nursery.

Lycée-Collège d'État Émile Letournel is the public secondary school in the commune, with junior high, vocational high, and general senior high/sixth-form programmes.

Private schools:

  • École élémentaire Sainte-Croisine[16] - As of 2025, this school had 129 students.
  • École primaire Sainte-Odile[17] - As of 2025, this Kindergarten school had 84 students.
  • Collège Saint-Christophe[18] - As of 2025, this school has 147 students.

Twin towns

Saint-Pierre has been twinned with Port-en-Bessin-Huppain (France) since 1976.[19]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Répertoire national des élus: les maires" (in French). data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises. 13 September 2022.
  2. ^ a b "Populations de référence des communes en vigueur au 1er janvier 2025 - Date de référence statistique : 1er janvier 2022". INSEE (in French). Government of France. Retrieved 2024-12-20.
  3. ^ "Saint Pierre and Miquelon", The World Factbook, Central Intelligence Agency, 2022-05-10, archived from the original on May 18, 2022, retrieved 2022-05-18
  4. ^ Meghann Livingston et Catherine Losier (2021). ""From the Sea, Work": Investigating Historical French Landscapes and Lifeways at Anse à Bertrand, Saint-Pierre et Miquelon" (PDF).
  5. ^ Wortman, Marc (January 17, 2018). "This Tiny French Archipelago Became America's Alcohol Warehouse During Prohibition". Smithsonian Magazine. Retrieved 2022-05-18.
  6. ^ Ministère de l'Intérieur. "Résultats des élections municipales et communautaires 2020". interieur.gouv.fr (in French). Retrieved 2022-05-18.
  7. ^ "Centre Hospitalier François Dunan - Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon - Hôpitaux Et Cliniques - TLR et ASSOCIES - Architecture Bordeaux". www.tlr-associes.com. Archived from the original on April 9, 2012. Retrieved 2021-12-18.
  8. ^ "Présentation de la maison de retraite". www.ch-fdunan.fr (in French). Retrieved 2022-05-18.
  9. ^ "Loisirs et Culture". Ville de Saint-Pierre (in French). Retrieved 2022-05-18.
  10. ^ "Top Tips for a Visit to Saint-Pierre and Miquelon". Newfoundland and Labrador tourism. Retrieved 2 August 2024.
  11. ^ "Getting here". Tourism Saint-Pierre and Miquelon. Retrieved 2 August 2024.
  12. ^ "BPE desserte Île aux Marins (PDF)" (PDF). Mairie Saint-Pierre. Retrieved 2 August 2024.
  13. ^ "Transports circulation". Ville de Saint-Pierre (in French). Retrieved 2 August 2024.
  14. ^ "Getting around the Archipelago". Tourism Saint-Pierre and Miquelon. Retrieved 2 August 2024.
  15. ^ "Établissements Publics - Service de l'éducation nationale de Saint-Pierre et Miquelon". www.ac-spm.fr (in French). Retrieved 2022-05-18.
  16. ^ "Ecole élémentaire privée ste Croisine de Saint pierre (9750012P)". L'Annuaire de l'éducation (in French). Retrieved 2022-05-18.
  17. ^ "Ecole élémentaire privée Sainte -Odile de Saint pierre (9750023B)". L'Annuaire de l'éducation (in French). Retrieved 2022-05-18.
  18. ^ Home. Collège Saint Christophe. Retrieved on September 14, 2016.
  19. ^ "Jumelages". Archived from the original on 2019-04-08. Retrieved 2012-06-06.
allikas: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_of_Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon