Opinion polling for the 2008 Russian presidential election
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This is a collection of scientific, public opinion polls that have been conducted relating to the 2008 Russian presidential election.
First round
2004–2006 polls
| Polling firm | Fieldwork date | Medvedev UR |
Ivanov UR |
Gryzlov UR |
Luzhkov UR |
Shoigu UR |
Zyuganov CPRF |
Zhirinovsky LDPR |
Glazyev IND |
Rogozin Rodina |
Kasyanov IND |
Yavlinsky Yabloko |
Ryzhkov RPR |
Other | Against all[a] |
Undecided | Wouldn't vote |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Levada[1][2] | 13–16 Aug 2004 | N/a | 2 | N/a | N/a | N/a | 6 | 9 | N/a | N/a | N/a | N/a | N/a | 46 | N/a | 23 | 15 |
| Levada | May 2005 | N/a | N/a | 7 | 9 | N/a | 11 | 9 | 5 | 7 | 3 | N/a | 4 | N/a | 13 | N/a | 14 |
| VCIOM | 17–18 Sep 2005 | N/a | 1 | 4 | 4 | 8 | 6 | 5 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | N/a | 15[b] | 9 | 31 | 6 |
| Levada | 16–19 Sep 2005 | N/a | N/a | 6 | 10 | N/a | 10 | 8 | 4 | 5 | 2 | 3 | 2 | N/a | 16 | 21 | 14 |
| Levada[1][2] | 14–17 Oct 2005 | N/a | N/a | N/a | N/a | N/a | 12 | 8 | N/a | N/a | N/a | N/a | N/a | 45 | N/a | 24 | 12 |
| 11–14 Nov 2005 | N/a | N/a | N/a | N/a | N/a | 15 | 9 | N/a | N/a | N/a | N/a | N/a | 47 | N/a | 23 | 15 | |
| 9–12 Dec 2005 | N/a | N/a | N/a | N/a | N/a | 13 | 8 | N/a | N/a | N/a | N/a | N/a | 47 | N/a | 23 | 13 | |
| 16–19 Dec 2005 | N/a | 8 | N/a | N/a | N/a | 17 | 9 | N/a | N/a | N/a | N/a | N/a | 37 | N/a | 21 | 17 | |
| Levada | 20–24 Jan 2006 | N/a | N/a | N/a | 10 | N/a | 9 | 8 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 1 | N/a | 16 | 25 | 15 |
| Levada[1][2] | N/a | 25 | N/a | N/a | N/a | 9 | 8 | N/a | N/a | N/a | N/a | N/a | 37 | N/a | N/a | 15 | |
| 10–14 Feb 2006 | N/a | 25 | N/a | N/a | N/a | 7 | 7 | N/a | N/a | N/a | N/a | N/a | 36 | N/a | N/a | 18 | |
| Levada | 10–14 Mar 2006 | N/a | 7 | N/a | 8 | N/a | 7 | 8 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 1 | N/a | 16 | 26 | 17 |
| Levada[1][2] | 20–25 Apr 2006 | 8 | 23 | N/a | N/a | N/a | 7 | 8 | N/a | N/a | N/a | N/a | N/a | 30 | N/a | N/a | 15 |
| Levada | Apr 2006 | 18 | 17 | N/a | N/a | N/a | 16 | 18 | 7 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 5 | N/a | 5 | N/a | N/a |
| Levada[1][2] | 19–22 May 2006 | 10 | 25 | N/a | N/a | N/a | 7 | 7 | N/a | N/a | N/a | N/a | N/a | 28 | N/a | N/a | 16 |
| 10–14 Jun 2006 | 11 | 21 | N/a | N/a | N/a | 6 | 10 | N/a | N/a | N/a | N/a | N/a | 30 | N/a | N/a | 17 | |
| 14–17 Jul 2006 | 12 | 22 | N/a | N/a | N/a | 7 | 9 | N/a | N/a | N/a | N/a | N/a | 26 | N/a | N/a | 16 | |
| 18–21 Aug 2006 | 10 | 23 | N/a | N/a | N/a | 8 | 10 | N/a | N/a | N/a | N/a | N/a | 12 | N/a | N/a | 29 | |
| 15–18 Sep 2006 | 14 | 27 | N/a | N/a | N/a | 9 | 8 | N/a | N/a | N/a | N/a | N/a | 10 | N/a | N/a | 26 | |
| 13–16 Oct 2006 | 11 | 29 | N/a | N/a | N/a | 9 | 10 | N/a | N/a | N/a | N/a | N/a | 8 | N/a | N/a | 25 | |
| 10–13 Nov 2006 | 14 | 23 | N/a | N/a | N/a | 9 | 8 | N/a | N/a | N/a | N/a | N/a | 9 | N/a | N/a | 28 | |
| 8–12 Dec 2006 | 19 | 30 | N/a | N/a | N/a | 5 | 6 | N/a | N/a | N/a | N/a | N/a | 9 | N/a | N/a | 18 |
2007 polls
| Polling firm | Fieldwork date | Medvedev UR |
Ivanov UR |
Zubkov UR |
Shoigu UR |
Zyuganov CPRF |
Zhirinovsky LDPR |
Glazyev IND |
Rogozin IND |
Kasyanov RNDS / IND |
Nemtsov IND |
Bogdanov DPR |
Other | Undecided | Unsure | Wouldn't vote |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Levada[1] | Jan | 33 | 21 | N/a | N/a | 14 | 14 | 5 | 1 | N/a | N/a | N/a | 11[c] | N/a | N/a | N/a |
| Levada[2] | 19–22 Jan | 17 | 11 | N/a | N/a | 7 | 7 | N/a | N/a | N/a | N/a | N/a | 10 | 28 | 8 | 20 |
| Levada[1] | Feb | 32 | 27 | N/a | N/a | 13 | 13 | 5 | 2 | N/a | N/a | N/a | 8[c] | N/a | N/a | N/a |
| VCIOM | 3–4 Feb | 22 | 6 | N/a | 5 | 4 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 0 | N/a | N/a | 20[d] | 24 | N/a | 11 |
| 10–11 Feb | 20 | 6 | N/a | 5 | 5 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 0 | N/a | N/a | 18[e] | 27 | N/a | 11 | |
| 15 Feb | Sergey Ivanov appointed first deputy premier alongside Dmitry Medvedev | |||||||||||||||
| VCIOM | 17–18 Feb | 20 | 10 | N/a | 4 | 5 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | N/a | N/a | 13[f] | 27 | N/a | 11 |
| Levada[2] | 16–19 Feb | 19 | 16 | N/a | N/a | 8 | 8 | N/a | N/a | N/a | N/a | N/a | 9 | 20 | 4 | 21 |
| Levada[1] | Mar | 31 | 25 | N/a | N/a | 15 | 14 | 6 | 4 | N/a | N/a | N/a | 8[c] | N/a | N/a | N/a |
| ROMIR | Mar | 16 | 10 | N/a | 8 | 5 | 9 | N/a | N/a | 1 | N/a | N/a | 27[g] | 8 | N/a | 16 |
| Levada[2] | 16–19 Mar | 17 | 14 | N/a | N/a | 7 | 6 | N/a | N/a | N/a | N/a | N/a | 8 | 27 | 8 | 13 |
| Levada[1] | Apr | 29 | 31 | N/a | N/a | 17 | 11 | 5 | 2 | N/a | N/a | N/a | 6[c] | N/a | N/a | N/a |
| Levada[2] | 13–16 Apr | 18 | 18 | N/a | N/a | 9 | 10 | N/a | N/a | N/a | N/a | N/a | 9 | 23 | 8 | 10 |
| ROMIR | 12–18 Apr | 16 | 8 | N/a | 9 | 5 | 8 | N/a | N/a | 1 | N/a | N/a | 31[h] | 6 | N/a | 16 |
| Levada[1] | May | 34 | 31 | N/a | N/a | 12 | 13 | 3 | 2 | N/a | N/a | N/a | 6[c] | N/a | N/a | N/a |
| Levada[2] | 11–14 May | 15 | 12 | N/a | N/a | 2 | 3 | N/a | N/a | N/a | N/a | N/a | 9 | 44 | 6 | 8 |
| Levada[1] | Jun | 27 | 31 | N/a | N/a | 14 | 14 | 5 | 2 | N/a | N/a | N/a | 7[c] | N/a | N/a | N/a |
| Levada[2] | 15–18 Jun | 17 | 19 | N/a | N/a | 9 | 9 | N/a | N/a | N/a | N/a | N/a | 8 | 20 | 10 | 11 |
| ROMIR | 6–12 Jul | 18 | 14 | N/a | N/a | 6 | 9 | N/a | N/a | 2 | N/a | N/a | 24[i] | 8 | N/a | N/a |
| Levada[2] | 13–16 Jul | 17 | 22 | N/a | N/a | 8 | 6 | N/a | N/a | N/a | N/a | N/a | 5 | 22 | 6 | 14 |
| Levada[1] | Aug | 34 | 36 | N/a | N/a | 12 | 12 | 1 | 1 | N/a | N/a | N/a | 3[c] | N/a | N/a | N/a |
| Levada[2] | 10–13 Aug | 18 | 19 | N/a | N/a | 7 | 6 | N/a | N/a | N/a | N/a | N/a | 3 | 23 | 10 | 14 |
| Levada[1] | Sep | 30 | 34 | 4 | N/a | 15 | 11 | 4 | <1 | N/a | N/a | N/a | 3[c] | N/a | N/a | N/a |
| 14 Sep | Viktor Zubkov replaces Mikhail Fradkov as prime minister | |||||||||||||||
| Levada[1] | Oct | 26 | 25 | 19 | N/a | 12 | 13 | 3 | N/a | N/a | N/a | N/a | 2[c] | N/a | N/a | N/a |
| Levada[2] | 12–15 Oct | 5 | 5 | N/a | N/a | 4 | 2 | N/a | N/a | N/a | N/a | N/a | 5 | 28 | 10 | N/a |
| 14 | 14 | 10 | N/a | 7 | 7 | N/a | N/a | N/a | N/a | N/a | 3 | 26 | 7 | 11 | ||
| Levada[1] | Nov | 24 | 25 | 20 | N/a | 15 | 8 | 4 | N/a | N/a | N/a | N/a | 4[c] | N/a | N/a | N/a |
| Levada[2] | 9–12 Nov | 13 | 16 | 11 | N/a | 9 | 6 | N/a | N/a | N/a | N/a | N/a | 4 | 22 | 9 | 10 |
| 26 Nov | Presidential election set for 2 March 2008 | |||||||||||||||
| 2 Dec | 2007 Russian legislative election: United Russia wins supermajority | |||||||||||||||
| Levada | 7–10 Dec | 35 | 21 | 17 | N/a | 11 | 11 | N/a | N/a | 1 | 1 | N/a | 3[j] | N/a | N/a | N/a |
| 10 Dec | Outgoing president Putin endorses Dmitry Medvedev | |||||||||||||||
| FOM[3] | 15–16 Dec | 32 | 5 | 2 | 4 | 5 | 7 | N/a | N/a | N/a | N/a | N/a | 6[k] | 28 | N/a | 10 |
| VCIOM | 15–16 Dec | 44.6 | N/a | N/a | N/a | 4.6 | 4.8 | N/a | N/a | 0.3 | 0.5 | <1 | N/a | 30.2 | N/a | 7.8 |
| FOM[4][5] | 22–23 Dec | 46 | N/a | N/a | N/a | 6 | 7 | N/a | N/a | 1 | 1 | N/a | 4[l] | 25 | N/a | 9 |
| VCIOM | 22–23 Dec | 52.3 | N/a | N/a | N/a | 4.1 | 4.8 | N/a | N/a | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.3 | N/a | 22.6 | N/a | 6.8 |
| 22 Dec | CEC denies registration for Vladimir Bukovsky, Nikolai Kuryanovich, other independents | |||||||||||||||
| Levada | 21–24 Dec | 79 | N/a | N/a | N/a | 9 | 9 | N/a | N/a | 2 | <1 | <1 | 0–3[m] | N/a | N/a | N/a |
| 26 Dec | Boris Nemtsov withdraws his candidacy, endorses Kasyanov | |||||||||||||||
2008 polls
| Polling firm | Fieldwork date | Medvedev UR |
Zyuganov CPRF |
Zhirinovsky LDPR |
Kasyanov RNDS / IND |
Nemtsov IND |
Bogdanov DPR |
Spoil | Undecided | Wouldn't vote |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| VCIOM | 5–6 Jan | 52.5 | 5.4 | 4.9 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.2 | N/a | 21.9 | 5.9 |
| 12–13 Jan | 60.4 | 6.1 | 7.5 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.2 | N/a | 14.0 | 10.2 | |
| FOM[4] | 12–13 Jan | 50 | 6 | 7 | N/a | N/a | 0 | N/a | 26 | 10 |
| Levada[6] | 18–21 Jan | 82 | 9 | 8 | <1 | N/a | <1 | N/a | N/a | N/a |
| FOM[4] | 19–20 Jan | 50 | 6 | 7 | N/a | N/a | 0 | 0 | 26 | 9 |
| VCIOM | 26–27 Jan | 63.5 | 5.3 | 5.5 | 0.8 | N/a | 0.4 | N/a | 16.8 | 7.8 |
| FOM[4] | 26–27 Jan | 54 | 5 | 7 | N/a | N/a | 0 | 1 | 23 | 10 |
| 2–3 Feb | 52 | 7 | 7 | N/a | N/a | 0 | 1 | 24 | 9 | |
| Levada[6] | 8–11 Feb | 80 | 11 | 9 | N/a | N/a | <1 | N/a | N/a | N/a |
| FOM[4] | 9–10 Feb | 49 | 9 | 8 | N/a | N/a | 1 | 0 | 22 | 11 |
| FOM[7] | 16–17 Feb | 49.6 | 9.1 | 8.7 | N/a | N/a | 0.6 | 0.6 | 22.1 | 9.3 |
| 67.8 | 16.3 | 13.7 | N/a | N/a | 1.3 | 0.9 | N/a | N/a | ||
| FOM[8][9] | 23–24 Feb | 50 | 9 | 8 | N/a | N/a | 0 | 1 | 22 | 10 |
| 70 | 15.8 | 12.4 | N/a | N/a | 0.7 | N/a | N/a | N/a | ||
| Election result | 2 Mar | 70.3 | 17.7 | 9.3 | N/a | N/a | 1.3 | 1.4 | N/a | N/a |
Polls with Vladimir Putin as a candidate
| Polling firm | Fieldwork date | Medvedev UR |
Ivanov UR |
Putin[n] UR |
Zyuganov CPRF |
Zhirinovsky LDPR |
No preference | Other | Against all[a] |
Undecided | Unsure | Wouldn't vote |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Levada[1][2] | 13–16 Aug 2004 | N/a | N/a | 49 | 5 | 6 | 26 | 15 | N/a | 8 | N/a | 12 |
| FOM[10] | 15–16 Jan 2005 | N/a | N/a | 43 | 3 | 5 | N/a | 11[o] | 6 | N/a | 16 | 15 |
| FOM[11] | 9–10 Jul 2005 | N/a | N/a | 43 | 4 | 4 | N/a | 11[p] | 6 | N/a | 15 | 16 |
| Levada[1][2] | 15–18 Jul 2005 | N/a | N/a | 36 | 6 | 4 | 45 | 10 | N/a | 24 | 8 | 10 |
| 19–22 Aug 2005 | N/a | N/a | 37 | 4 | 3 | 47 | 9 | N/a | 23 | 7 | 13 | |
| 26–29 Sep 2005 | N/a | N/a | 35 | 6 | 3 | 48 | 8 | N/a | 22 | 11 | 10 | |
| 14–17 Oct 2005 | N/a | N/a | 35 | 4 | 3 | 51 | 8 | N/a | 30 | 7 | 8 | |
| 11–14 Nov 2005 | N/a | N/a | 36 | 3 | 3 | 49 | 10 | N/a | 24 | 9 | 10 | |
| 20–24 Jan 2006 | N/a | 0 | 33 | 3 | 3 | 53 | 8 | N/a | N/a | 9 | 31 | |
| 10–14 Feb 2006 | N/a | 1 | 34 | 4 | 3 | 52 | 7 | N/a | N/a | 9 | 25 | |
| 10–13 Mar 2006 | 2 | 2 | 31 | 3 | 3 | 53 | 6 | N/a | N/a | 12 | 27 | |
| 20–25 Apr 2006 | 2 | N/a | 33 | 4 | 2 | 52 | 7 | N/a | N/a | 8 | 30 | |
| 19–22 May 2006 | 2 | 2 | 32 | 4 | 3 | 50 | 7 | N/a | N/a | 11 | 27 | |
| 14–17 Jul 2006 | 2 | 1 | 40 | 3 | 3 | 46 | 5 | N/a | N/a | 7 | 27 | |
| 18–21 Aug 2006 | 2 | 1 | 40 | 3 | 4 | 45 | 6 | N/a | N/a | 9 | 22 | |
| 15–18 Sep 2006 | 2 | 1 | 39 | 3 | 3 | 48 | 5 | N/a | N/a | 14 | 10 | |
| 13–16 Oct 2006 | 2 | 1 | 37 | 5 | 3 | 50 | 3 | N/a | N/a | 7 | 29 | |
| 10–13 Nov 2006 | 2 | 1 | 38 | 4 | 4 | 46 | 4 | N/a | N/a | 11 | 22 | |
| 8–12 Dec 2006 | 3 | 2 | 36 | 2 | 2 | 51 | 4 | N/a | N/a | 10 | 27 | |
| 19–22 Jan 2007 | 5 | 3 | 34 | 5 | 2 | 46 | 10 | N/a | 25 | 8 | 10 | |
| 16–19 Feb 2007 | 5 | 3 | 32 | 5 | 3 | 46 | 11 | N/a | 25 | 5 | 11 | |
| 16–19 Mar 2007 | 6 | 3 | 33 | 4 | 3 | 47 | 9 | N/a | 25 | 9 | 9 | |
| 13–16 Apr 2007 | 6 | 4 | 31 | 5 | 3 | 45 | 6 | N/a | 25 | 11 | 6 | |
| 11–14 May 2007 | 5 | 3 | 41 | 3 | 3 | 41 | 8 | N/a | 25 | 7 | 8 | |
| 15–18 Jun 2007 | 3 | 5 | 44 | 4 | 3 | 35 | 6 | N/a | 19 | 8 | 6 | |
| 13–16 Jul 2007 | 3 | 4 | 48 | 4 | 3 | 34 | 4 | N/a | 18 | 7 | 8 | |
| 10–13 Aug 2007 | 5 | 5 | 40 | 4 | 2 | 41 | 3 | N/a | 22 | 10 | 7 | |
| 14–17 Sep 2007 | 16 | 18 | 35 | 8 | 7 | 44 | 4 | N/a | 27 | 7 | 7 | |
| FOM[12] | 24–25 Nov 2007 | 3 | 1 | 57 | 3 | 4 | N/a | 5[q] | N/a | 16 | N/a | 10 |
| FOM[13][14] | 27–28 Nov 2007 | N/a | N/a | N/a | ||||||||
| FOM[15] | 11–12 Dec 2007 | 3 | 2 | 60 | 4 | 4 | N/a | 7[r] | N/a | 12 | N/a | 8 |
| FOM[16] | 15–16 Dec 2007 | 9 | 2 | 54 | 4 | 5 | N/a | 5[s] | N/a | 12 | N/a | 9 |
| Levada | 21–24 Dec 2007 | 55 | 4 | 24 | 7 | 7 | N/a | 1–5[t] | N/a | N/a | N/a | N/a |
Preferred United Russia candidate
| Polling firm | Fieldwork date | Medvedev | Ivanov | Zubkov |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Levada[1] | Jan 2007 | 54 | 46 | N/a |
| Feb 2007 | 52 | 48 | N/a | |
| Mar 2007 | 48 | 52 | N/a | |
| Apr 2007 | 45 | 55 | N/a | |
| May 2007 | 51 | 49 | N/a | |
| Jun 2007 | 46 | 55 [sic] | N/a | |
| Aug 2007 | 46 | 54 | N/a | |
| Sep 2007 | 41 | 59 | N/a | |
| Oct 2007 | 47 | 53 | N/a | |
| N/a | 59 | 41 | ||
| 56 | N/a | 44 | ||
| Nov 2007 | 47 | 53 | N/a | |
| N/a | 57 | 43 | ||
| 57 | N/a | 43 | ||
| Dec 2007 | 56 | 44 | N/a | |
| N/a | 58 | 42 | ||
| 63 | N/a | 37 |
Exit polls
| Agency | Medvedev UR |
Zyuganov CPRF |
Zhirinovsky LDPR |
Bogdanov DPR | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FOM[8][17] | 67.4 | 19.5 | 10.5 | 1.4 | |||||
| VCIOM[18] | 70.1 | 16.8 | 11.4 | 1.7 | |||||
| Election result | 70.3 | 17.7 | 9.3 | 1.3 | |||||
Notes
- ^ a b "Against all" line was removed from Russian election ballots in 2006.
- ^ Matviyenko, Tuleyev 3%, Zhukov 2%, Khakamada, Kozak, Mironov, Semigin 1%, Chubais, Khodorkovsky 0%, other 3%.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Combined vote for the generic "liberal candidate". In different polls, the lists included: Irina Khakamada, Nikita Belykh, Mikhail Kasyanov, Vladimir Ryzhkov, Grigory Yavlinsky.[1]
- ^
- ^
- ^
- ^ Lavrov, Yakunin 1%, other 25%.
- ^ Lavrov 1%, other 30%.
- ^ Lavrov 2%, Yakunin 1%, other 21%.
- ^ Yavlinsky 3%.
- ^ Mironov 2%, Gryzlov 1%, other 3%.
- ^ Bukovsky 0%, other 4%.
- ^ Bukovsky, Kuryanovich, Shenin <1%.
- ^ Term-limited.
- ^ Kharitonov 3%, Glazyev 2%, Khakamada, Rogozin, Shoigu, Yavlinsky 1%, other 2%.
- ^ Glazyev, Kharitonov, Shoigu 2%, Khakamada, Rogozin, Yavlinsky 1%, other 2%.
- ^ Mironov, Shoigu, Zubkov 1%, Gryzlov 0%, other 2%
- ^ Mironov, Shoigu 2%, Zubkov 1%, Gryzlov 0%, other 2%
- ^ Shoigu 2%, Mironov, Zubkov 1%, Gryzlov 0%, other 1%.
- ^ Zubkov 1%, Kasyanov, Mironov, Shoigu, Yavlinsky <1%.
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s "Левада-Центр > ВЫБОРЫ 2008" (in Russian). Archived from the original on 2007-11-30.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Russia votes
- ^ "База данных ФОМ > Индикаторы". FOM (in Russian). 20 December 2007. Retrieved 13 April 2025.
- ^ a b c d e "База данных ФОМ > Индикаторы". FOM (in Russian). 14 February 2008. Retrieved 13 April 2025.
- ^ "Предновогодний экспресс-выпуск. Доминанты 52". FOM (in Russian). 25 December 2007. Retrieved 13 April 2025.
- ^ a b "Президентские рейтинги. Выборы 2008". Levada Center (in Russian). Archived from the original on 2 April 2008.
- ^ "Предварительный прогноз результатов выборов Президента РФ 2 марта 2008 г. (по результатам опроса от 16–17 февраля)" [Preliminary forecast of the results of the election of the President of the Russian Federation on March 2, 2008 (according to a poll from February 16-17)]. fom.ru (in Russian). 20 February 2008. Retrieved 25 August 2025.
- ^ a b "Выборы Президента Российской Федерации: прогноз ФОМа, результаты exit-poll и итоги выборов (ЦИК)" [Elections of the President of the Russian Federation: FOM forecast, exit-poll results and election results (CEC)]. fom.ru (in Russian). 6 March 2008. Retrieved 25 August 2025.
- ^ "База данных ФОМ > Индикаторы". 3 March 2008.
- ^ "Электоральные рейтинги политиков - 2005. Индикаторы". FOM (in Russian). 20 January 2005. Retrieved 13 April 2025.
- ^ "Электоральные рейтинги политиков - 2005. Индикаторы". FOM (in Russian). 14 July 2005. Retrieved 13 April 2025.
- ^ "База данных ФОМ > Индикаторы". 26 November 2007.
- ^ "База данных ФОМ > Индикаторы". 29 November 2007.
- ^ "База данных ФОМ > Индикаторы". 29 November 2007.
- ^ "База данных ФОМ > Индикаторы". 13 December 2007.
- ^ "База данных ФОМ > Индикаторы". 20 December 2007.
- ^ "Выборы Президента Российской Федерации 2 марта 2008 года. Опрос на выходе с избирательных участков (exit-poll). Итоговые результаты" [Election of the President of the Russian Federation on March 2, 2008. Poll at the exit from polling stations (exit-poll). Final results]. fom.ru (in Russian). 2 March 2008. Retrieved 25 August 2025.
- ^ "Пресс-выпуск № 888". VCIOM (in Russian). 2 March 2008. Archived from the original on 9 March 2008.