List of prime ministers of Mongolia

The prime minister of Mongolia is the head of the Government of Mongolia, which is the highest executive body in Mongolia.[1] The office was de jure established in 1912, shortly after the Bogd Khanate of Mongolia declared its independence from the Qing dynasty during the Mongolian Revolution of 1911.[a] Sain Noyon Khan Tögs-Ochiryn Namnansüren was the first officeholder, serving from 1912 until his death in 1919. After the outbreak of the Russian Civil War and Namnansüren's death, Mongolia was re-occupied by the Republic of China in late 1919.[2]

Da Lama Gonchigjalzangiin Badamdorj was installed as puppet prime minister by warlord Xu Shuzheng,[3] serving until the restoration of the Bogd Khanate by White Russian forces in February 1921. A rival Red Army-backed People's Provisional Government, with Dambyn Chagdarjav as acting head, was established by the Mongolian People's Party in March 1921.[3] In the aftermath of the People's Revolution of 1921, the Bogd Khan was allowed to remain as a constitutional monarch until his death in 1924.[4] From 1911 to 1924, 6 men served as prime ministers during the Bogd Khanate.

The Mongolian People's Republic was subsequently established in 1924, ending the theocratic rule entirely. From 1924 to 1992, during the Mongolian People's Republic, the official title of the head of government underwent several changes, namely:

  • Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars (1924–1939)
  • Chairman of the Council of Ministers (1939–1990)
  • Prime Minister (1990–1992)

Throughout 68-year long socialist period, a total of 10 men served as the head of government of the Mongolian People's Republic. Since the adoption of the current Constitution of Mongolia in 1992, there have been 15 men who served as prime minister from 1992 to 2025. The current officeholder is Gombojavyn Zandanshatar, who was appointed on 13 June 2025 by the State Great Khural.[5]

The longest-serving prime minister in Mongolian history was Marshal Yumjaagiin Tsedenbal, who lead from 1952 until 1974; the longest-serving prime minister of modern Mongolia was Luvsannamsrain Oyun-Erdene, who held the position from 2021 to 2025. The shortest-serving officeholder was Jalkhanz Khutagt Sodnomyn Damdinbazar, who served for only 2 months in 1921, while the shortest-serving prime minister of modern Mongolia was Janlavyn Narantsatsralt, who served for 225 days from 1998 to 1999.

Prime ministers of Mongolia (1911–present)

(Dates in italics indicate de facto continuation of office)

Provisional Mongolian Government / Temporary Government of Khalkha (1911)

No. Portrait Name
(Birth–Death) 		Term of office Political party
Took office Left office Time in office
Head of General Administration Office of Khalkh Affairs
– Da Lam Tserenchimed
(1869–1914)
Acting 		28 November 1911 29 December 1911 1 month Independent

Bogd Khanate of Mongolia (1911–1919, 1921–1924)

No. Portrait Name
(Birth–Death) 		Term of office Political party
Took office Left office Time in office
Prime Minister
– Da Lam Tserenchimed
(1869–1914)
Acting 		29 December 1911[b] July 1912 6 months Independent
Vacant (July – November 1912)
1 Tögs-Ochiryn Namnansüren
(1878–1919) 		November 1912 April 1919 † 6 years, 5 months Independent
2 Gonchigjalzangiin Badamdorj
(1850–1921) 		April 1919 January 1921 1 year, 9 months Independent
Vacant (January – 22 February 1921)
3 Jalkhanz Khutagt Sodnomyn Damdinbazar
(1874–1923)
[c] 		22 February 1921 May 1921 2 months Independent
– Manzushir Khutagt Sambadondogiin Tserendorj
(1872–1937)
Acting 		May 1921 10 July 1921 2 months Independent
– Dambyn Chagdarjav
(1880–1922)
Acting
[d] 		12 March 1921 16 April 1921 35 days MPP
4 Dogsomyn Bodoo
(1885–1922)
[e][f] 		16 April 1921 7 January 1922 266 days MPP
Vacant (7 January – 3 March 1922)
5 Jalkhanz Khutagt Sodnomyn Damdinbazar
(1874–1923) 		3 March 1922 23 June 1923 1 year, 112 days MPP
6 Balingiin Tserendorj
(1868–1928) 		23 June 1923 26 November 1924 1 year, 156 days MPP→MPRP

Mongolian People's Republic (1924–1992)

No. Portrait Name
(Birth–Death) 		Term of office Political party
Took office Left office Time in office
Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars
(6) Balingiin Tserendorj
(1868–1928) 		26 November 1924 13 February 1928 † 3 years, 79 days MPRP
Vacant (13 – 21 February 1928)
7 Anandyn Amar
(1886–1941) 		21 February 1928 27 April 1930 2 years, 65 days MPRP
8 Tsengeltiin Jigjidjav
(1894–1933) 		27 April 1930 2 July 1932 2 years, 66 days MPRP
9 Peljidiin Genden
(1892–1937) 		2 July 1932 2 March 1936 3 years, 244 days MPRP
Vacant (2 – 22 March 1936)
10 Anandyn Amar
(1886–1941) 		22 March 1936 7 March 1939 2 years, 350 days MPRP
Vacant (7 – 24 March 1939)
Chairman of the Council of Ministers
11 Khorloogiin Choibalsan
(1895–1952) 		24 March 1939 26 January 1952 † 12 years, 308 days MPRP
12 Yumjaagiin Tsedenbal
(1916–1991) 		26 January 1952 11 June 1974 22 years, 136 days MPRP
13 Jambyn Batmönkh
(1926–1997) 		11 June 1974 12 December 1984 10 years, 184 days MPRP
14 Dumaagiin Sodnom
(born 1933) 		12 December 1984 21 March 1990 5 years, 99 days MPRP
15 Sharavyn Gungaadorj
(born 1935) 		21 March 1990 11 September 1990 174 days MPRP
Prime Minister
16 Dashiin Byambasüren
(born 1942) 		11 September 1990 12 February 1992 1 year, 154 days MPRP

Mongolia (1992–present)

No. Portrait Name
(Birth–Death) 		Term of office Political party Composition Legislature President
(Term) 		Ref.
Took office Left office Time in office
(16) Dashiin Byambasüren
(born 1942) 		12 February 1992 21 July 1992 160 days MPRP Unity government

MPRP • MDP • MNPP • MSDP

1990 Punsalmaagiin Ochirbat

(1990–1997)
17 Puntsagiin Jasrai
(1933–2007) 		21 July 1992 19 July 1996 3 years, 364 days MPRP MPRP 1992
18 Mendsaikhany Enkhsaikhan
(born 1955) 		19 July 1996 23 April 1998 1 year, 278 days DUC MNDP–MSDP 1996
Natsagiin Bagabandi

(1997–2005)
19 Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj
(born 1963) 		23 April 1998 9 December 1998 230 days DUC MNDP–MSDP
20 Janlavyn Narantsatsralt
(1957–2007) 		9 December 1998 22 July 1999 225 days DUC MNDP–MSDP
– Nyam-Osoryn Tuyaa
(born 1958)
Acting 		22 July 1999 30 July 1999 8 days DUC Caretaker
21 Rinchinnyamyn Amarjargal
(born 1961) 		30 July 1999 26 July 2000 362 days DUC DUC
22 Nambaryn Enkhbayar
(born 1958) 		26 July 2000 20 August 2004 4 years, 25 days MPRP MPRP 2000
23 Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj
(born 1963) 		20 August 2004 13 January 2006 1 year, 146 days Democratic DP • MPRP 2004
Nambaryn Enkhbayar

(2005–2009)
Vacant (13 – 25 January 2006)
24 Miyeegombyn Enkhbold
(born 1964) 		25 January 2006 22 November 2007 1 year, 301 days MPRP MPRP • NNP • M-MDNSP • RP
25 Sanjiin Bayar
(born 1956) 		22 November 2007 29 October 2009 1 year, 341 days MPRP MPRP • CWP
MPRP • DP 2008
Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj

(2009–2017)
26 Sükhbaataryn Batbold
(born 1963) 		29 October 2009 10 August 2012 2 years, 286 days MPRP→MPP[g] MPP • DP
27 Norovyn Altankhuyag
(born 1958) 		10 August 2012 5 November 2014 2 years, 87 days Democratic DP • JC • CWGP 2012
– Dendeviin Terbishdagva
(born 1955)
Acting 		5 November 2014 21 November 2014 16 days MPRP[h] Caretaker
28 Chimediin Saikhanbileg
(born 1969) 		21 November 2014 7 July 2016 1 year, 229 days Democratic DP • MPP
29 Jargaltulgyn Erdenebat
(born 1973) 		7 July 2016 4 October 2017 1 year, 89 days MPP MPP 2016
Khaltmaagiin Battulga

(2017–2021)
30 Ukhnaagiin Khürelsükh
(born 1968) 		4 October 2017 27 January 2021 3 years, 115 days MPP MPP
MPP 2020
31 Luvsannamsrain Oyun-Erdene
(born 1980) 		27 January 2021 13 June 2025 4 years, 137 days MPP MPP
Ukhnaagiin Khürelsükh

(since 2021)
MPP • DP • HUN 2024
32 Gombojavyn Zandanshatar
(born 1970) 		13 June 2025 Incumbent 271 days MPP MPP • HUN • CWGP

Timeline

Gombojavyn ZandanshatarLuvsannamsrain Oyun-ErdeneUkhnaagiin KhürelsükhJargaltulgyn ErdenebatChimediin SaikhanbilegDendeviin TerbishdagvaNorovyn AltankhuyagSükhbaataryn BatboldSanjaagiin BayarMiyeegombyn EnkhboldNambaryn EnkhbayarRinchinnyamyn AmarjargalNyam-Osoryn TuyaaJanlavyn NarantsatsraltTsakhiagiin ElbegdorjMendsaikhany EnkhsaikhanPuntsagiin JasraiDashiin ByambasürenSharavyn GungaadorjDumaagiin SodnomJambyn BatmönkhYumjaagiin TsedenbalKhorloogiin ChoibalsanPeljidiin GendenTsengeltiin JigjidjavAnandyn AmarBalingiin TserendorjDogsomyn BodooDambyn ChagdarjavManzushir Khutagt Sambadondogiin TserendorjSodnomyn DamdinbazarGonchigjalzangiin BadamdorjTögs-Ochiryn NamnansürenDa Lam Tserenchimed

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Outer Mongolia was under military occupation of the Republic of China (ROC) from October 1919 to March 1921. It remained de jure part of the ROC (as the Mongolia Area) until 5 January 1946, when the ROC officially recognized its de facto independence (following the referendum held on 20 October 1945).
  2. ^ 16 December 1911 according to the Julian calendar.
  3. ^ The first prime minister of a "independent Mongolia" after the Bogd Khan came back to Urga on 21 February 1921. Damdinbazar took office on the same day when the Bogd Khan was officially restored.[6][7][8][9]
  4. ^ Prime Minister of the provisional MPP revolutionary government (officially called the People's Provisional Government) in Troitskosavsk, Soviet Russia which was established on 12 March 1921.[10][11][12][13]
  5. ^ Prime Minister of the People's Provisional Government until 11 July 1921.[14][15][16]
  6. ^ The MPP proclaimed the independence of Mongolia during Bodoo's term, on 14 September 1921.[17]
  7. ^ Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party name changed to Mongolian People's Party
  8. ^ Refers to the splinter Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (2010–2021).

References

  1. ^ Constitution of Mongolia
  2. ^ Alfred J. Rieber (25 August 2015). Stalin and the Struggle for Supremacy in Eurasia. Cambridge University Press. pp. 83–. ISBN 978-1-316-35219-9.
  3. ^ a b Baabar, B., History of Mongolia, 1999, ISBN 978-99929-0-038-3, OCLC 515691746, p. 216
  4. ^ Mark Juergensmeyer (2008). Global Rebellion: Religious Challenges to the Secular State, from Christian Militias to al Qaeda. University of California Press. pp. 139–. ISBN 978-0-520-93476-4. bogda khan.
  5. ^ "Mongolia gets a new prime minister who pledged to address the economic demands of protesters". Associated Press. 13 June 2025. Archived from the original on 24 June 2025.
  6. ^ Knyazev, N. N. "The Legendary Baron". In Kuzmin (2004a), pp. 67–69.
  7. ^ Tornovsky, M. G. "Events in Mongolia-Khalkha in 1920–1921". In Kuzmin (2004a). (pp. 231–233.)
  8. ^ Kuzmin, Sergei L., ed. (2004b). Baron Ungern v Dokumentakh i Memuarakh (in Russian). Moscow: KMK Sci. Press. ISBN 978-5-87317-164-4. (pp. 90–92, Facsimile of the original and translations of the Bogd Khan edict)
  9. ^ Kuzmin, Sergei L. (2011). The History of Baron Ungern. An Experience of Reconstruction. Moscow: KMK Sci. Press. ISBN 978-5-87317-692-2. (pp. 433–436.)
  10. ^ Ts. Nasanbalzhir. Revolutionary measures of the people's government of Mongolia in 1921-1924. - M., 1960. - pp. 11-13.
  11. ^ Ewing ET Russia, China, and the Origins of the Mongolian People's Republic, 1911–1921: A Reappraisal. - London, 1980. - p. 419.
  12. ^ Mongolyn ardyn khuvsgalt namyn negdugeer khural. — Ulaanbaatar, 1971
  13. ^ https://uca.edu/politicalscience/home/research-projects/dadm-project/asiapacific-region/chinamongolia-1911-1946/
  14. ^ Ts. Nasanbalzhir. Revolutionary measures of the people's government of Mongolia in 1921-1924. M., 1960. - pp. 11-13.
  15. ^ Ewing ET Russia, China, and the Origins of the Mongolian People's Republic, 1911–1921: A Reappraisal. - London, 1980. - p. 419.
  16. ^ Mongolyn ardyn khuvsgalt namyn negdugeer khural. — Ulaanbaatar, 1971
  17. ^ "China/Mongolia (1911–1946)". University of Central Arkansas. Department of Government, Public Service, and International Studies. Retrieved 14 February 2024. The MPP proclaimed the independence of Mongolia on September 14, 1921, and the 60-member National Provisional Khural convened in Yihe Huree (Urga) on October 28, 1921.
allikas: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Prime_Ministers_of_Mongolia