Diversified Pharmaceutical Services

Diversified Pharmaceutical Services entered the market in 1976 as the pharmacy benefit manager for UnitedHealth Group, a leading managed care organization.[1] By 1993, DPS managed pharmaceutical benefits for about 14 million people and approximately $2 billion in drug expenditures, making it the third-largest PBM at the time.[2]

United HealthCare sold DPS to SmithKline Beecham for $2.3 billion in cash in May 1994.[2] In 1999, SmithKline Beecham sold DPS to Express Scripts for $700 million in cash.[3]

History

Diversified Pharmaceutical Services (DPS) was founded in 1976 as a wholly owned subsidiary of United Healthcare Corporation.[4][5] The company developed from the pharmacy operations within United HealthCare and grew during the expansion of the pharmacy benefit management (PBM) industry in the 1980s and early 1990s.[4]

By 1993, DPS administered prescription drug benefits for approximately 14 million individuals and managed about $2 billion in annual drug expenditures, ranking it among the largest PBMs in the United States at the time.[2]

The company was sold to SmithKline Beecham for $2.3 billion in May 1994.[6] In 1999, it was acquired by Express Scripts in 1999 for $700 million in cash to create what was then the third largest pharmacy benefit manager in the United States.[1]

References

  1. ^ a b "Express Scripts to Acquire Diversified Pharmaceutical Services", PRNewswire, St. Louis, February 9, 1999, archived from the original on January 27, 2018, retrieved October 31, 2015
  2. ^ a b c Pharmacy Benefit Managers: Early Results on Ventures With Drug Manufacturers (PDF) (Report). U.S. General Accounting Office (GAO). 1995. Retrieved February 11, 2026.
  3. ^ "EXPRESS SCRIPTS SET TO GROW WITH BUY OF SMITHKLINE PBM". Business Insurance. February 14, 1999. Retrieved February 11, 2026.
  4. ^ a b Pharmacy Benefit Managers: Early Results on Ventures With Drug Manufacturers (PDF) (Report). U.S. General Accounting Office (GAO). 1995. Retrieved February 11, 2026.
  5. ^ Navarro, Robert (1999). Managed Care Pharmacy Practice. Jones & Bartlett Learning. p. 225. ISBN 978-0-8342-1205-3.
  6. ^ Freudenheim, Milt (May 9, 1994). "A Shift of Power in Pharmaceuticals". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 4, 2020.


allikas: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diversified_Pharmaceutical_Services