Spirotetramat (ISO Name) is a keto-enol insecticide[2] developed by Bayer CropScience under the brand names Movento[3] and Ultor.[4]

Mechanism

Spirotetramat is active against piercing-sucking insects, such as aphids, mites, and white flies, by acting as an ACC inhibitor, interrupting lipid biosynthesis in the insects, and is in IRAC group 23.[2] It is a systemic insecticide that penetrates plant leaves when sprayed on. It is ambimobile, being transported both upwards and downwards through vascular bundles.[5] In plants, it is hydrolyzed to the enol form by cleavage of the central ethoxycarbonyl group. This enol is more stable due to double bond being in a ring and the conjugation with the amide group and the benzene ring.

Regulation

Bayer obtained spirotetramat's first regulatory approval in Tunisia in 2007.[6][7] It was recognized by the European Union May 1, 2014.[8]

Toxicology and safety

Spirotetramat has moderate to low acute toxicity, is irritating to eyes and potentially sensitizing to skin. When tested on rats, it was not shown to be carcinogenic.[9] In Denmark, it is listed as harmful to aquatic invertebrates, but not dangerous to bees.[10]

References

  1. ^ "Biological Buffers". Sigma-Aldrich.
  2. ^ a b Jeschke, Peter; Witschel, Matthias; Krämer, Wolfgang; Schirmer, Ulrich (25 January 2019). "32.4 Inhibitors of Lipid Synthesis: Acetyl‐CoA Carboxylase Inhibitors.". Modern Crop Protection Compounds (3rd ed.). Wiley‐VCH. pp. 1202–1222. ISBN 9783527699261.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  3. ^ "Movento". Crop Science.
  4. ^ "US EPA, Pesticide Produce Label, ULTOR, 05/06/2011" (PDF). EPA.
  5. ^ Bruck E, et al. (Oct 2009). "Movento, an innovative ambimobile insecticide for sucking insect pest control in agriculture: Biological profile and field performance". Crop Protection. 28 (10): 838–844. doi:10.1016/j.cropro.2009.06.015.
  6. ^ Braham M, Glida-Gnidez H, Hajji L (7 Aug 2012). "Management of the tomato borer, Tuta absoluta in Tunisia with novel insecticides and plant extracts". EPPO Bulletin. 42 (2): 291–296. doi:10.1111/epp.2572.
  7. ^ Agropages: New insecticide spirotetramat granted first regulatory approval." (15 November 2007)
  8. ^ COMMISSION IMPLEMENTING REGULATION (EU) No 1177/2013. (23 January 2018)
  9. ^ "EPA Pesticide Fact Sheet, juni 2008" (PDF).
  10. ^ "Merit Gran - Produktoplysninger - Middeldatabasen". middeldatabasen.dk.
Allikas: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spirotetramat
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