Portal:Taiwan: Difference between revisions

Introduction

Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia. The main island of Taiwan, also known as Formosa, lies between the East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, with the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the northwest, Japan to the northeast, and the Philippines to the south. It has an area of 35,808 square kilometres (13,826 square miles), with mountain ranges dominating the eastern two-thirds and plains in the western third, where its highly urbanized population is concentrated. The combined territories under ROC control consist of 168 islands in total covering 36,193 square kilometres (13,974 square miles). The largest metropolitan area is formed by Taipei (the capital), New Taipei City, and Keelung. With around 23.9 million inhabitants, Taiwan is among the most densely populated countries.

Taiwan has been settled for at least 25,000 years. Ancestors of Taiwanese indigenous peoples settled the island around 6,000 years ago. In the 17th century, large-scale Han Chinese immigration began under Dutch colonial rule and continued under the Kingdom of Tungning, the first predominantly Han Chinese state in Taiwanese history. The island was annexed in 1683 by the Qing dynasty and ceded to the Empire of Japan in 1895. The Republic of China, which had overthrown the Qing in 1912 under the leadership of Sun Yat-sen, assumed control following the surrender of Japan in World War II. With the loss of mainland China to the Communists in the Chinese Civil War, the government of the Republic of China moved to Taiwan in 1949 under the Kuomintang (KMT). (Full article...)

Selected general articles

Image 1
Yang Ming container ship Ym People at Port of Keelung

The maritime industries of Taiwan are a large part of Taiwan's economy. Industries of particular importance are shipbuilding, boat building, maritime transport, aquaculture, mariculture, commercial fishing, seafood processing, offshore wind power and various forms of tourism. Deep sea mining, especially of dormant hydrothermal vents, is also being considered for the future. In 2018 Taiwan was the fourth largest yacht building nation. Taiwan is home to a number of maritime museums and maritime colleges. (Full article...)
Image 2

Larisa Bakurova

Taiwanese new immigrants is one of the major categories of Taiwanese ethnic groups. According to the definition of the Ministry of the Interior's Immigration Agency, it refers to people who settled in Taiwan after January 1987 due to marriage or immigration, especially those who have obtained Republic of China nationality through naturalization, and covers a diverse ethnic background.

In July 2024, the New Immigrants Basic Act was passed by the Legislative Yuan. Amendments supporting the establishment of an agency to support new immigrants were passed in November 2025. (Full article...)
Image 3
Forestry in Taiwan was historically a significant industry. The logging of most of Taiwan's old growth forest and the protection of what remains has led to the sunset of the industry with remaining stands protected by law. Illegal logging remains a significant threat, especially to the oldest and most valuable trees. (Full article...)
Image 4
Taiwan Sign Language (TSL; Chinese: 台灣手語; pinyin: Táiwān Shǒuyǔ) is the sign language most commonly used by the deaf and hard of hearing in Taiwan.

There are two main dialects of TSL centered on two of the three major sign language schools in Taiwan: one in Taipei, the other in Tainan City. There is a variant based in Taichung, but this sign language is essentially the same as the Tainan school. (Full article...)
Image 5
A propaganda poster celebrating the birthday of Republic of China President Chiang Kai-shek proclaiming "Long Live the President"

Propaganda in the Republic of China (in mainland China before 1949 and in Taiwan since then) has been an important tool since its inception with the 1911 Revolution for legitimizing the Nationalist government that retreated from mainland China to Taiwan in 1949. Anti-communism and opposition to the Chinese Communist Party have historically been central to propaganda in the Republic of China. (Full article...)
Image 6

Paiwan and Rukai people in Pingtung County

Taiwanese indigenous peoples, formerly called Taiwanese aborigines, are the indigenous peoples of Taiwan, with the nationally recognized subgroups numbering about 600,303 or 3% of the country's population. This total is increased to more than 800,000 if the indigenous peoples of the plains in Taiwan are included, pending future official recognition. When including those of mixed ancestry, such a number is possibly more than a million. Academic research suggests that their ancestors have been living on Taiwan for approximately 15,000 years. A wide body of evidence suggests that the Taiwanese indigenous peoples had maintained regular trade networks with numerous regional cultures of Southeast Asia before Han Chinese settled on the island from the 17th century, at the behest of the Dutch colonial administration and later by successive governments towards the 20th century.

Taiwanese indigenous peoples are Austronesians with linguistic, genetic, and cultural ties to other Austronesian peoples. Taiwan is the origin and linguistic homeland of the oceanic Austronesian expansion, whose descendant groups today include the majority of the ethnic groups throughout many parts of East and Southeast Asia as well as Oceania and even Africa, which includes Brunei, East Timor, Indonesia, Malaysia, Madagascar, Philippines, Micronesia, Island Melanesia, and Polynesia. (Full article...)
Image 7
An autonomous municipality, county-level city or city, previously provincial city, is a de jure second-level administrative division unit in the Republic of China (Taiwan).

The provincial cities were formerly under the jurisdiction of provinces, but the provinces were streamlined and effectively downsized to non-self-governing bodies in 1998, in 2018 all provincial governmental organs were formally abolished. Provincial cities along counties, are presently regarded as de facto principal subdivisions directed by the central government of the ROC. (Full article...)
Image 8

Seediq, also known as Sediq and Taroko, is an Atayalic language spoken in the mountains of Northern Taiwan by the Seediq and Taroko people. (Full article...)
Image 9
Equipment of China Steel No.3 Cold Rolling Mill

The steel industry in Taiwan is a crucial pillar of the nation's heavy industry sector, serving both domestic infrastructure development and global export markets. As of 2024, Taiwan ranked among the top thirteen steel exporters worldwide, with steady growth in export volume, production capacity, and technological innovation. The industry encompasses multiple large-scale integrated mills, electric-arc furnace (EAF) producers, and specialized alloy manufacturers. (Full article...)
Image 10
This is a list of inventions by people who were born in Taiwan (officially known as Republic of China) or citizens of Republic of China. (Full article...)
Image 11
The following list of Taiwanese artists (in alphabetical order by last name) includes artists of various genres, who are notable and are either born in Taiwan, of Taiwanese descent or who produce works that are primarily about Taiwan. (Full article...)
Image 12

Flag of the Dutch East India Company

The island of Taiwan, also commonly known as Formosa, was partly under colonial rule by the Dutch Republic from 1624 to 1662 and from 1664 to 1668. In the context of the Age of Discovery, the Dutch East India Company established its presence on Formosa to trade with neighboring Ming China and Tokugawa Japan, and to interdict Portuguese and Spanish trade and colonial activities in East Asia.

The Dutch were not universally welcomed, and uprisings by both aborigines and recent Han arrivals were quelled by the Dutch military on more than one occasion. With the rise of the Manchu-led Qing dynasty in the early 17th century, the Dutch East India Company cut ties with Ming China and allied with the Manchu Qing instead, in exchange for the right to unfettered access to their trade and shipping routes. The colonial period was brought to an end after the 1662 siege of Fort Zeelandia by Koxinga's army who promptly dismantled the Dutch colony, expelled the Dutch and established the Ming loyalist, anti-Qing Kingdom of Tungning. (Full article...)
Image 13
Taiwanese expatriates and descendants in Vietnam consist largely of expatriate businessmen and their families. The Ho Chi Minh City branch of the Taipei-based Taiwan External Trade Development Council estimates that 20,000 people from Taiwan were living in Vietnam as of 2002.

According to statistics of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, there are an estimated 3,000 women in Vietnam, formerly married to Taiwanese husbands, who have been left stateless after their divorces; the women had given up Vietnamese nationality to naturalize as Republic of China citizens at the time of their marriage, but then returned to Vietnam following their divorces and gave up their Republic of China nationality in the process of applying for restoration of Vietnamese nationality. Their children, who hold only Republic of China nationality and have never previously been Vietnamese nationals, are ineligible to enter publicly supported schools in Vietnam. (Full article...)
Image 14
The cultural history of Taiwan can be traced back to prehistoric Stone Age. Later the development of written languages made it easier to maintain traditions of the Taiwanese culture.

The recorded history of Taiwanese culture mainly stemmed from traditional Chinese culture, despite the influences from other foreign powers. Although the culture of modern Taiwan is significantly affected by Japanese and American cultures, the values and traditions of the Taiwanese people are heavily based on Confucianist Han cultures. (Full article...)
Image 15
The source of information for this list comes from zh:Category:台灣男歌手, zh:Category:台灣女歌手 and zh:Category:台灣原住民歌手. Sources for names and ethnicity can be found in their respective article pages.

The following is a list of Taiwanese singers in alphabetical order. (Full article...)
Image 16
A quadriscriptal text in Chinese and Roman print and braille. In the lower right corner is the character 結 jié, written in braille as ⠅⠬⠂ gyé; compare 西 xī at the center top, rendered in braille as ⠑⠡⠄ syī.

Taiwanese Braille is the braille script used in Taiwan for Taiwanese Mandarin (Guoyu). Although based marginally on international braille, most consonants have been reassigned; also, like Chinese Braille, Taiwanese Braille is a semi-syllabary.

An example is, (Full article...)
Image 17
Sun Wukong puppet in pò͘-tē-hì.

Glove puppetry (Chinese: 布袋戲; pinyin: bùdàixì; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pò͘-tē-hì) is a type of opera using cloth puppets that originated during the 17th century in Quanzhou or Zhangzhou of China's Fujian province, and historically practised in the Min Nan-speaking areas such as Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, the Chaoshan region of Guangdong, and other parts of southern China. It had since established itself contemporarily as a popular art form in Taiwan.

The puppet's head uses wood carved into the shape of a hollow human head, but aside from the head, palms, and feet, which are made of wood, the puppet's torso and limbs consist entirely of cloth costumes. At the time of the performance, a gloved hand enters the puppet's costume and makes it perform. In previous years the puppets used in this type of performance strongly resembled "cloth sacks," hence the name, which literally means "cloth bag opera." (Full article...)
Image 18
In Taiwan, some of the most popular sports include baseball, basketball, badminton, football, softball, table tennis, tennis, and volleyball. Martial arts such as tai chi and taekwondo are also practiced by many people. Baseball is the most popular sport in Taiwan, followed by basketball and association football.

Internationally known athletes include Hsieh Su-wei, Kuo Hsing-chun, Tai Tzu-ying, Yani Tseng, and Yang Chuan-kwang, who were among the best in their sport at the peak of their career. (Full article...)
Image 19

illustrate format of the Uniform Invoice issued in the ROC (not actual invoice)

The Uniform Invoice or Unified Invoice (統一發票 pinyin: Tǒngyī fāpiào), is a type of standardized receipt in Taiwan that is issued by merchants for selling products and services, kept by both seller and consumer for taxation purposes, which is managed by the Ministry of Finance. It exists in many forms, including printed, electronic and hand-written. Uniform Invoice also features a lottery-like feature. Each invoice come with a code consisting of two alphabet and a 8-digit number, and the lottery is drawn every two months. (Full article...)
Image 20
Taishang (Chinese: 臺商; pinyin: Tái Shāng) are Taiwanese businesspeople operating in mainland China. The tai part of the term stands for Taiwan, and the shang part stands for business or businessperson. There are no official statistics on the number of Taishang working in mainland China. Unofficial estimates circulating in 2011 suggested that between 1 million and 3 million Taiwanese nationals (including family members) lived in mainland China. (Full article...)
Image 21

Saisiyat, Pazeh, and Kulon (pink, northwest). Some Chinese-language sources designate the white area in the northwest as a Kulon area, as opposed to the small pink circle on this map.

Saisiyat (sometimes spelled Saisiat) is the language of the Saisiyat, a Taiwanese indigenous people. It is a Formosan language of the Austronesian family. It has approximately 4,750 speakers. (Full article...)
Image 22
Hunting has a long history in Taiwan but is now generally restricted to indigenous communities and the control of invasive agricultural pests. (Full article...)
Image 23
Women in Taiwan in 1933

The status of women in Taiwan has been based on and affected by the traditional patriarchal views and social structure within Taiwanese society, which put women in a subordinate position to men, although the legal status of Taiwanese women has improved in recent years, particularly during the past three decades when family law underwent several amendments. Throughout history, women in Taiwan had suffered various forms of discrimination, including foot binding. (Full article...)
Image 24

The locations of Spanish Formosa, overlapping a map of the present-day island.
  Spanish Possessions
  Dutch possessions
  Kingdom of Middag

Spanish Formosa (Spanish: Gobernación de Formosa Española) was a small colony of the Spanish Empire established in the northern tip of the island now known as Taiwan, then known to Europeans at the time as Formosa or to Spaniards as "Isla Hermosa" from 1626 to 1642. It was ceded to the Dutch Republic during the Eighty Years' War.

The Portuguese were the first Europeans to reach the island in 1544, and named it Formosa (Portuguese for "beautiful") due to the beautiful landscape as seen from the sea. The Spanish had translated the name into Spanish as "Hermosa" and is what was historically used in Spanish maps and documents about the colony. (Full article...)
Image 25
The Taipei Metro

Transportation in Taiwan is overseen by the Ministry of Transportation and Communications and comprises a highly developed network of land, air, and sea transport systems. (Full article...)

Did you know...

... that Mao Zedong encouraged Zeng Zesheng not to join the Chinese Communist Party, believing his non-Party status would help him engage more effectively with Taiwan and the international community?
... that 1977's Typhoon Thelma was the most destructive event in Taiwan since World War II?
... that the principal of a high school in Taiwan resigned after students held a Nazi-themed parade, complete with mock uniforms and a cardboard tank?
... that environment minister Peng Chi-ming drafted Taiwan's first weather insurance policy?
... that New York store Yun Hai raised nine times its fundraising target to support Taiwanese farmers after China banned the import of their pineapples?
... that after seeing Taiwanese actor Mo Tzu-yi's work, a director sought to inquire about him at a film market, only to find Mo standing right behind him?

Need help?

Do you have a question about Taiwan that you can't find the answer to?

Consider asking it at the Wikipedia reference desk.

Get involved

For editor resources and to collaborate with other editors on improving Wikipedia's Taiwan-related articles, see WikiProject Taiwan.

Selected images

Image 1Mount Dabajian was selected as one of the 100 Peaks of Taiwan. (from Taiwan)
Image 2Most commonly used home language in each area, darker in proportion to the lead over the next most common:
  Mandarin Chinese
  Hokkien or Min Nan
  Hakka Chinese
  Austronesian languages
(from Taiwan)
Image 3National seal of the Republic of China (from Taiwan)
Image 4Chihkan Tower, originally built as Fort Provintia by the Dutch, was rebuilt under Qing rule. (from Taiwan)
Image 5ROC embassy in Eswatini (from Taiwan)
Image 6Taipei 101 held the record for the world's tallest skyscraper from 2004 to 2009.
Image 7China Airlines aircraft lineup at Taoyuan International Airport (from Taiwan)
Image 8Chiang Kai-shek, leader of the Kuomintang from 1925 until his death in 1975
Image 9
  Republic of China (Taiwan)
  Countries that have formal relations with Taiwan
  Countries that have formal relations with the PRC and informal relations with Taiwan
(from Taiwan)
Image 10A sugarcane mill and its railways in Tainan in the 1930s (from Taiwan)
Image 11The gate of National Taiwan University, which is widely considered to be the most prestigious university in Taiwan (from Taiwan)
Image 12The Nationalists' retreat to Taipei (from Taiwan)
Image 13Population density map of Taiwan (residents per square kilometer) (from Taiwan)
Image 14The flag used by Taiwan at the Olympic Games, where it competes as "Chinese Taipei" (中華台北)
Image 15Taiwan's popularly elected president resides in the Presidential Office Building, Taipei, originally built in the Japanese era for colonial governors. (from Taiwan)
Image 16A satellite image of Taiwan, showing it is mostly mountainous in the east, with gently sloping plains in the west. The Penghu Islands are west of the main island. (from Taiwan)
Image 17Students occupied the Legislative Yuan in protest against a controversial trade agreement with China in March 2014. (from Taiwan)
Image 18Taipei North Gate, constructed in 1884, was part of the Walls of Taipei. (from Taiwan)
Image 19The National Palace Museum is an institute dedicated to the organization, care, and display of ancient Chinese artifacts and works of art. (from Taiwan)
Image 202,300-year-old jade, unearthed at Beinan Cultural Park (from Taiwan)
Image 21Cho Jung-tai, Premier of the Republic of China (from Taiwan)
Image 22The 2015 Ma–Xi meeting was the only meeting between the leaders of both sides of the Taiwan Strait since 1949. (from Taiwan)
Image 23Taiwanese indigenous peoples hunting deer, 1746 (from Taiwan)
Image 24General Chen Yi (right) accepting the receipt of General Order No. 1 from Rikichi Andō (left), the last Japanese governor-general of Taiwan, in Taipei City Hall (from Taiwan)
Image 25Results from an identity survey conducted each year from 1992 to 2020 by the Election Study Center, National Chengchi University. Responses are Taiwanese (green), Chinese (red) or Both Taiwanese and Chinese (hatched). No response is shown as gray. (from Taiwan)
Image 26Köppen climate classification of Taiwan (from Taiwan)
Image 27Fort Zeelandia, built in 1634, was the governor's residence in Dutch Formosa. (from Taiwan)
Image 28In 1988, Lee Teng-hui became the first president of the Republic of China born in Taiwan and was the first to be directly elected in 1996. (from Taiwan)
Image 29The Han Kuang Exercise is an annual military exercise by the ROC Armed Forces in preparation for a possible attack from the PRC. (from Taiwan)
Image 30Lai Ching-te, President of the Republic of China (from Taiwan)
Image 31Tainan Confucian Temple built in 1665 during the Kingdom of Tungning period (from Taiwan)
Image 32A Taiwanese F-16 fighter jet flies next to a Chinese H-6 bomber (top) in Taiwan's ADIZ. (from Taiwan)
Image 33TSMC fab 5 located in Hsinchu Science Park (from Taiwan)
Image 34The Chinese Professional Baseball League (CPBL) is the top-tier professional baseball league in Taiwan. (from Taiwan)
Image 35Amis people of Taiwan performing a traditional dance (from Taiwan)
Image 36National Taiwan University Hospital (from Taiwan)
Image 37With Chiang Kai-shek, US president Dwight D. Eisenhower waved to crowds during his visit to Taipei in June 1960. (from Taiwan)
Image 38A Democratic Progressive Party event in Taipei, 2012 (from Taiwan)

In the news

4 March 2026 – Scam centers in Cambodia: Taiwanese prosecutors indict 62 people, including Chen Zhi, for their alleged links to the Prince Group, a multinational criminal network that operates scam centers in Cambodia. They also charge 13 companies with offences related to the criminal organization and money laundering. (DW)
25 January 2026 – Skyscraper Live (2026): American climber Alex Honnold free-solo climbs the Taipei 101 skyscraper in Taiwan, setting the record for the highest free solo climb of an urban structure, after completing the 508 m (1,667 ft) climb during a livestreamed event. (AFP via The Sun) (Reuters)

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