Groningen
Province of the Netherlands
The market and the Martinitoren in the capital Groningen
Flag Coat of arms
Anthem: Grunnens Laid
Location of Groningen in the Netherlands
Country	Netherlands
Capital	Groningen
Government
• King's Commissioner	Max van den Berg
Area
• Land	2,329 km2 (899 sq mi)
• Water	576 km2 (222 sq mi)
• Rank	8th
Population  (2006)
• Land	574,042
• Rank	9th
• Density	246.5/km2 (638.4/sq mi)
• Rank	9th
ISO 3166 code	NL-GR
Religion (2005)	Protestant 18.0% Catholic 4.6% Muslim 2.5%
Website	provinciegroningen.nl

Groningen (Template:IPA-nl; Gronings: Grönnen; Template:Lang-fry) is the northeasternmost province of the Netherlands. In the east it borders the German state of Niedersachsen (districts of Leer and Emsland), in the south Drenthe, in the west Friesland and in the north the Wadden Sea. The capital of the province is the city of Groningen.

Originally a part of Frisia, Groningen became a part of the Frankish Empire around 785. Charlemagne assigned the Christianization of this new possession to Ludger. In the 11th century, the city of Groningen was a village in Drenthe that belonged to the Bishopric of Utrecht, while most of the province was in the diocese of Münster. During the Middle Ages, central control was remote, and the city of Groningen acted as a city state, exerting a dominating influence on the surrounding Ommelanden. Around 1500, Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor gave Groningen and Friesland to Albert, Duke of Saxony, who could however not establish permanent control. In 1514/15 Groningen came to the Duchy of Guelders, and in 1536 to the Habsburg Netherlands. In 1594, Groningen was conquered by the United Netherlands, to which it belonged henceforth.

Groningen was one of the towns within the hanseatic league during the Middle Ages.

East Groningen was the scene of a particularly fierce class struggle in the 19th and 20th centuries. Perhaps not coincidentally, Groningen boasts the only municipality (Beerta) where the Communist Party of the Netherlands has ever had a mayor (Hanneke Jagersma).

Groningen is situated in the north of the Netherlands. With to the west the province Frisia, to the south the province Drenthe, to the east the German state Lower Saxony, and to the north the Wadden Sea, Ems, and Dollart.

In the Wadden Sea of Groningen, a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 2009, there is a large sandbank Simonszand and three uninhabited islands Rottumeroog, Rottumerplaat, and Zuiderduintjes. The Lauwersmeer National Park is located on the border between Groningen and Frisia.

Land use in Groningen is mainly agricultural; it has a large natural gas field near Slochteren.

• 
  The Martinitoren, Icon of the provincial capital of Groningen
• 
  The Groninger Museum
• 
  The Fraeylemaborg nearby Slochteren
• 
  The hanging kitchens of Appingedam

Groningen is home to a typical Low Saxon dialect called Gronings (Grönnegs / Grunnegs in Gronings regional language), with local nuances. Nowadays, many inhabitants of the province do not speak the dialect, especially in the city of Groningen where many outsiders have moved.

• Appingedam
• Bedum
• Bellingwedde
• De Marne
• Delfzijl
• Eemsmond
• Groningen
• Grootegast
• Haren
• Hoogezand-Sappemeer
• Leek
• Loppersum
• Marum
• Menterwolde
• Oldambt
• Pekela
• Slochteren
• Stadskanaal
• Ten Boer
• Veendam
• Vlagtwedde
• Winsum
• Zuidhorn

• Abel Tasman, Explorer
• Cornelis Dopper, conductor and composer
• Albert Eckhout, painter
• Ede Staal, singer-songwriter
• Wiebbe Hayes, a Dutch soldier and national hero in the 17th century
• Lenie 't Hart, animal rights activist
• Jozef Israëls, painter
• Aletta Jacobs, first woman to study medicine in the Netherlands
• Freek de Jonge, cabaret artist
• Jurrie Koolhof, former football striker. Played 106 matches for PSV Eindhoven
• Gerrit Krol, writer
• Jan Mulder, former football player. Played for Ajax Amsterdam
• Arjen Robben, footballer
• Autumn, Band
• Noisia, Band
• Daniel Bernoulli, mathematician

• Media related to Groningen (province) at Wikimedia Commons
• Groningen (province) travel guide from Wikivoyage
• Official website

53°15′29″N 6°44′16″E / 53.25806°N 6.73778°E / 53.25806; 6.73778

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