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Moon struggled with bad publicity and controversy.<ref name="AUTOBIOGRAPHY">{{cite book|last=Moon|first=Reverend Sun Myung|title=As a peace-loving global citizen|year=2010|publisher=Washington Times Foundation|location=<nowiki>[Washington, D.C.]</nowiki>|isbn=0615393772|edition=May 2010 ed.}}</ref><ref name="NYT OBIT" /> To provide jobs to his followers, to further the church's message,<ref>[http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10000872396390443759504577630282555776596.html#slide/11 September 4, 2012
Moon struggled with bad publicity and controversy.<ref name="AUTOBIOGRAPHY">{{cite book|last=Moon|first=Reverend Sun Myung|title=As a peace-loving global citizen|year=2010|publisher=Washington Times Foundation|location=<nowiki>[Washington, D.C.]</nowiki>|isbn=0615393772|edition=May 2010 ed.}}</ref><ref name="NYT OBIT" /> To provide jobs to his followers, to further the church's message,<ref>[http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10000872396390443759504577630282555776596.html#slide/11 September 4, 2012
The Life of Moon Sun-myung]</ref> and to combat unfair racism towards himself,<ref>[https://curmilus.wordpress.com/author/curmilusdancyii/page/50/ The Reverend Sun Myung Moon by William Reed Columnist September 17, 2012 — Curmilus Dancy II (Butch)]</ref><ref>[http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=DN4pAAAAIBAJ&sjid=F9IEAAAAIBAJ&pg=1644,3700939&dq=sun-myung-moon+|+reverend-moon+ Sun Myung Moon Pleads Innocent] //Daytona Beach Morning Journal|The Daytona Beach News-Journal||The Daytona Beach News-Journal}}, 23 October 1981. — '''P. 6A'''</ref><ref>[http://www.koreadaily.com/news/read.asp?art_id=1075268 ''[[Korea Daily]]'', 통일교 문선명 총재 실질적 장남 문현진 UCI그룹 회장 최초 인터뷰]</ref> he befriended world leaders like [[US Presidents]]<ref name="foxnews.com">[http://www.foxnews.com/world/2012/09/02/sun-myung-moon-unification-church-founder-dies-at-2/ Rev. Moon, Unification Church founder known for mass weddings, dies at 92. September 02, 2012 Associated Press]</ref><ref name="abclocal.go.com">[http://abclocal.go.com/wabc/story?section=news&id=8795552 Unification Church founder Rev. Moon dies at 92. HYUNG-JIN KIM]</ref><ref>[http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5hoUdVwWBW_kVcOCDTR5GuI8cH5Ug?docId=6e89f8074e6e42eaa6de99dea728ac1a Unification Church founder Rev. Moon dies at 92. HYUNG-JIN KIM]</ref><ref>[http://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/religious-leader-sun-myung-moon-dead-at-92/2012/09/02/0fdb37dc-9e73-403f-a8b9-109242e8323b_video.html Religious leader Sun-Myung Moon dead at 92]</ref><ref>[http://www.neontommy.com/news/2012/09/rev-sun-myung-moon-dead-92 Rev. Sun Myung Moon Dead At 92 Dawn Megli | September 3, 2012]</ref><ref>[http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/09/02/religion-unification-moon-idUSL6E8K259820120902 UPDATE 2-Unification Church head Sun Myung Moon dies in S.Korea Sep 2, 2012]</ref>, founded numerous civic organizations and expanded his business interests and [[List of Unification Church affiliated organizations|affiliated organizations]].<ref name="GuardianObit">{{cite news|last=Urquhart|first=Conal|title=Sun Myung Moon, founder of the Moonies, dies in South Korea|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2012/sep/03/moonies-sun-myung-moon-dies|accessdate=12 June 2013|newspaper=The Guardian|date=2 September 2013|agency=© 2013 Guardian News and Media Limited|quote=Self-proclaimed messiah notorious for mass weddings and creation of Unification Church dies aged 92}}</ref> An ardent [[anti-communist]], his support of right-wing causes helped turn the ''The Washington Times'' into a respected newspaper in conservative circles.<ref name="CHITRIB Burial">{{cite news|last=Kang|first=Seongbin|title=Unification Church head Sun Myung Moon buried in Korea|url=http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2012-09-15/entertainment/sns-rt-us-religion-unificationbre88e02s-20120914_1_unification-church-sun-myung-moon-south-korea|accessdate=16 June 2013|newspaper=Chicago Tribune|date=15 September 2012|author2=Jane Chung|agency=Reuters}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/03/24/us-korea-wedding-idUSBRE82N06O20120324 | work=Reuters | title=Thousands join Moon for mass wedding in South Korea | date=24 March 2012}}</ref><ref name="gayle1">{{cite news| url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2119753/Unification-Church-South-Korea-mass-wedding-2-500-marriages.html | location=London | work=Daily Mail | first=Damien | last=Gayle | title=2,500 marriages made in Moonie heaven: Couples from more than 50 countries tie the knot in mass South Korea ceremony}}</ref> His global business empire included an automobile plant in North Korea, hospitals, schools, the [[New Yorker Hotel]], the [[Tongil Group]], and New Hope Ranch - a 78,000-acre campus for spiritual development in [[Brazil]].<ref name="WP Obit" /><ref name="Telegraph OBIT">{{cite news|title=The Rev Sun Myung Moon|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/9517193/The-Rev-Sun-Myung-Moon.html|accessdate=17 June 2013|newspaper=Telegraph (UK)|date=September 3, 2012|author=Obituaries}}</ref><ref name=Businessweek /> Although Moon and his church largely receded from public view by time of his death, the Unification Church has expanded to most nations of the world.<ref name="washingtonpost">Fisher, Marc, and Jeff Leen [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/national/longterm/cult/unification/part2.htm Stymied in U.S., Moon’s Church Sounds a Retreat], ''[[Washington Post]]'', 24 November 1997.</ref>
The Life of Moon Sun-myung]</ref> and to combat unfair racism towards him,<ref>[https://curmilus.wordpress.com/author/curmilusdancyii/page/50/ The Reverend Sun Myung Moon by William Reed Columnist September 17, 2012 — Curmilus Dancy II (Butch)]</ref><ref>[http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=DN4pAAAAIBAJ&sjid=F9IEAAAAIBAJ&pg=1644,3700939&dq=sun-myung-moon+|+reverend-moon+ Sun Myung Moon Pleads Innocent] //Daytona Beach Morning Journal|The Daytona Beach News-Journal||The Daytona Beach News-Journal}}, 23 October 1981. — '''P. 6A'''</ref><ref>[http://www.koreadaily.com/news/read.asp?art_id=1075268 ''[[Korea Daily]]'', 통일교 문선명 총재 실질적 장남 문현진 UCI그룹 회장 최초 인터뷰]</ref> he befriended world leaders like [[US Presidents]]<ref name="foxnews.com">[http://www.foxnews.com/world/2012/09/02/sun-myung-moon-unification-church-founder-dies-at-2/ Rev. Moon, Unification Church founder known for mass weddings, dies at 92. September 02, 2012 Associated Press]</ref><ref name="abclocal.go.com">[http://abclocal.go.com/wabc/story?section=news&id=8795552 Unification Church founder Rev. Moon dies at 92. HYUNG-JIN KIM]</ref><ref>[http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5hoUdVwWBW_kVcOCDTR5GuI8cH5Ug?docId=6e89f8074e6e42eaa6de99dea728ac1a Unification Church founder Rev. Moon dies at 92. HYUNG-JIN KIM]</ref><ref>[http://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/religious-leader-sun-myung-moon-dead-at-92/2012/09/02/0fdb37dc-9e73-403f-a8b9-109242e8323b_video.html Religious leader Sun-Myung Moon dead at 92]</ref><ref>[http://www.neontommy.com/news/2012/09/rev-sun-myung-moon-dead-92 Rev. Sun Myung Moon Dead At 92 Dawn Megli | September 3, 2012]</ref><ref>[http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/09/02/religion-unification-moon-idUSL6E8K259820120902 UPDATE 2-Unification Church head Sun Myung Moon dies in S.Korea Sep 2, 2012]</ref>, founded numerous civic organizations and expanded his business interests and [[List of Unification Church affiliated organizations|affiliated organizations]].<ref name="GuardianObit">{{cite news|last=Urquhart|first=Conal|title=Sun Myung Moon, founder of the Moonies, dies in South Korea|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2012/sep/03/moonies-sun-myung-moon-dies|accessdate=12 June 2013|newspaper=The Guardian|date=2 September 2013|agency=© 2013 Guardian News and Media Limited|quote=Self-proclaimed messiah notorious for mass weddings and creation of Unification Church dies aged 92}}</ref> An ardent [[anti-communist]], his support of right-wing causes helped turn the ''The Washington Times'' into a respected newspaper in conservative circles.<ref name="CHITRIB Burial">{{cite news|last=Kang|first=Seongbin|title=Unification Church head Sun Myung Moon buried in Korea|url=http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2012-09-15/entertainment/sns-rt-us-religion-unificationbre88e02s-20120914_1_unification-church-sun-myung-moon-south-korea|accessdate=16 June 2013|newspaper=Chicago Tribune|date=15 September 2012|author2=Jane Chung|agency=Reuters}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/03/24/us-korea-wedding-idUSBRE82N06O20120324 | work=Reuters | title=Thousands join Moon for mass wedding in South Korea | date=24 March 2012}}</ref><ref name="gayle1">{{cite news| url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2119753/Unification-Church-South-Korea-mass-wedding-2-500-marriages.html | location=London | work=Daily Mail | first=Damien | last=Gayle | title=2,500 marriages made in Moonie heaven: Couples from more than 50 countries tie the knot in mass South Korea ceremony}}</ref> His global business empire included an automobile plant in North Korea, hospitals, schools, the [[New Yorker Hotel]], the [[Tongil Group]], and New Hope Ranch - a 78,000-acre campus for spiritual development in [[Brazil]].<ref name="WP Obit" /><ref name="Telegraph OBIT">{{cite news|title=The Rev Sun Myung Moon|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/9517193/The-Rev-Sun-Myung-Moon.html|accessdate=17 June 2013|newspaper=Telegraph (UK)|date=September 3, 2012|author=Obituaries}}</ref><ref name=Businessweek /> Although Moon and his church largely receded from public view by time of his death, the Unification Church has expanded to most nations of the world.<ref name="washingtonpost">Fisher, Marc, and Jeff Leen [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/national/longterm/cult/unification/part2.htm Stymied in U.S., Moon’s Church Sounds a Retreat], ''[[Washington Post]]'', 24 November 1997.</ref>


==Early life==
==Early life==

Revision as of 21:04, 18 June 2013

Template:Korean name

Sun Myung Moon (Korean 문선명; born Mun Yong-myeong; 25 February 1920 – 3 September 2012) was a Korean religious leader and global business magnate.[1] A self-proclaimed messiah, Moon was the founder of the Unification Church, noted for its mass wedding ceremonies.[2][3] His vast business interests included the Washington Times newspaper.[4][5]

Born in what is now North Korea, Moon and his family converted to Christianity when he was a child.[6] In 1954, he founded the Unification Church in Seoul, South Korea based on conservative, family-oriented teachings from new interpretations of the Bible.[7][6] Moon outlined these principles in his book, Explanation of the Divine Principle, published in 1957.[3][6] In the 1960s and 1970s, Moon was a leading figure in a wave of new religious movements in the United States.[1] Followers, who were then called "Moonies", touted Moon as their True Father while critics denounced him as a cult leader.[8][9][10][11] 1982 was arguably the zenith of Moon's notability; he presided over thousands in a blessing ceremony held at Madison Square Garden and was imprisoned after being found guilty of willfully filing false Federal income tax returns, allegations he denied.[12][3]

Moon struggled with bad publicity and controversy.[13][1] To provide jobs to his followers, to further the church's message,[14] and to combat unfair racism towards him,[15][16][17] he befriended world leaders like US Presidents[18][19][20][21][22][23], founded numerous civic organizations and expanded his business interests and affiliated organizations.[6] An ardent anti-communist, his support of right-wing causes helped turn the The Washington Times into a respected newspaper in conservative circles.[24][25][26] His global business empire included an automobile plant in North Korea, hospitals, schools, the New Yorker Hotel, the Tongil Group, and New Hope Ranch - a 78,000-acre campus for spiritual development in Brazil.[7][27][10] Although Moon and his church largely receded from public view by time of his death, the Unification Church has expanded to most nations of the world.[28]

Early life

Sun Myung Moon was born Mun Yong-myeong on February 25, 1920, in modern-day North P'yŏng'an Province, at a time when Korea was under Japanese rule (today it lies in North Korea). He was the younger of two sons in a farming family of eight children.[7] Moon's family rejected the Shinto faith pushed by the country’s Japanese rulers and followed Confucianist beliefs until he was around 10 years old, when they converted to Christianity and joined the Presbyterian Church.[29] When he was 15, Moon said that Jesus Christ anointed him to carry out his unfinished work by becoming parent to all of humanity.[9][2][13]

In 1941, Moon began studying electrical engineering at Waseda University in Japan.[10] In 1943, he returned to Seoul to marry Sun Kil Choi and they had a son, Sung Jin Moon.[1] Following World War II, Korea was divided along the 38th parallel into two trusteeships: the United States and the Soviet Union. In 1946, Moon traveled alone to Pyongyang in Communist-ruled North Korea.[9] He changed his name to Sun Myung Moon and established the Kang Hei (“Broad Sea”) church.[27][9] Moon was arrested on allegations of spying for South Korea and given a five-year sentence to the Hŭngnam labor camp.[7] 34 months into his sentence, United Nations troops advanced on the camp and the guards fled; Moon was able to escape to Pusan. He came away from the experience with strong anti-communist views that he would blend with his ministry.[8][9] In 1953, he and Sun Kil Choi divorced. The following year, Moon fathered a second child with another woman.[30][31]

Launch of the Unification Church

Main article: Timeline of Sun Myung Moon § 1950s and 1960s

Moon built his first church as a refugee in Busan before formally founding "The Holy Spirit(ual) Association for the Unification of World Christianity" in Seoul on 1 May 1954. He published the foundation book of the Unification Church, Wolli Hesol, or Explanation of the Divine Principle, in 1957.[32]

Moon with his wife Hak Ja Han

Moon married his second wife, Hak Ja Han, on 11 April 1960, soon after she turned 17 years old, in a ceremony called the Holy Marriage. Han, called Mother or True Mother by followers, and her husband together are referred to as the True Parents by members of the Unification Church.

In 1961 Moon established the Unification Church wedding or marriage rededication ceremony, known as the "Blessing." It is given to married (or engaged) couples. The first Blessing ceremony was held for 36 couples in Seoul, South Korea. All the couples were members of the church. Rev. Moon matched all of the couples except 12 who were already married to each other before joining the church.[33][34]

Breakthrough into world fame

Main article: Timeline of Sun Myung Moon § 1970s to 1990s

In the 1970s, Moon, who had seldom before spoken to the general public, gave a series of public speeches to audiences in the United States, Japan, and South Korea. The largest were a rally in 1975 against North Korean aggression in Seoul and a speech at an event organized by the Unification Church in Washington D.C.[35] [36] At the time, Moon was the best known Korean in the world according to the Korea Times.[37]

In 1971, Moon moved to the United States, which he had first visited in 1965. He remained a citizen of the Republic of Korea and maintained a residence in South Korea.[38] In 1972, Moon founded the International Conference on the Unity of the Sciences, a series of scientific conferences.[39][40] The first conference had 20 participants, while the largest conference in Seoul in 1982, had 808 participants from over 100 countries.[41][42] Participants included Nobel laureates John Eccles (Physiology or Medicine 1963, who chaired the 1976 conference),[43] Eugene Wigner (Physics 1963).[44]

In 1974, Moon asked church members in the United States to support President Richard Nixon during the Watergate scandal when Nixon was being pressured to resign his office. Church members prayed and fasted in support of Nixon for three days in front of the United States Capitol, under the motto: "Forgive, Love and Unite." On February 1, 1974 Nixon publicly thanked them for their support and officially received Moon. This brought the church into widespread public and media attention.[45]

In 1982 The Washington Times was founded by News World Communications, an international media conglomerate associated with Moon which also owns newspapers in South Korea, Japan, and South America, as well as the news agency United Press International.[46] Bo Hi Pak, Moon's chief aide, was the founding president and the founding chairman of the board.[47] The political views of The Washington Times are often described as conservative.[48][49][50] The Washington Times was a favorite read for President Ronald Reagan, but never a financial success.[51]

In 1982, Moon sponsored the US$50 million movie Inchon about the Korean War.[52]

United States v. Sun Myung Moon

Main article: United States v. Sun Myung Moon

In 1982, Moon was convicted in the United States of filing false federal income tax returns and conspiracy. His conviction was upheld on appeal in a split decision. Moon was given an 18-month sentence and a $15,000 fine. He served 13 months of the sentence at the Federal Correctional Institution, Danbury before being released on good behavior to a halfway house.[53]

The case was the center of national freedom of religion and free speech debates.[54] Prof. Laurence H. Tribe of the Harvard University Law School argued that the trial by jury had "doomed (Moon) to conviction based on religious prejudice."[55] The American Baptist Churches in the U.S.A, the National Council of Churches, the National Black Catholic Clergy Caucus, and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference filed briefs in support of Moon.[56] Many notable clergy, including Jerry Falwell and Joseph Lowery, signed petitions protesting the government's case and spoke out in defense of Moon.[57][58]

In 1989, Moon became the largest foreign investor in China[59][60]

Consolidation and expansion

Moon's influence spread further in the 2000s.

Main article: Timeline of Sun Myung Moon § 2000s and beyond

In 2000, Moon sponsored a United Nations conference which proposed the formation of "a religious assembly, or council of religious representatives, within the structure of the United Nations."[61] In the same year, he joined with Nation of Islam leader Louis Farrakhan in sponsoring the Million Family March in Washington D.C., a follow-up event to the Million Man March held in 1995.[62]

On 12 September 2005, at the age of 85, Moon inaugurated the Universal Peace Federation with a 120-city world speaking tour.[63] At each city, Moon delivered his speech titled "God's Ideal Family – the Model for World Peace".

In April 2008, Moon appointed his youngest son Hyung Jin Moon to be the new leader of the Unification Church and the worldwide Unification Movement, saying, "I hope everyone helps him so that he may fulfill his duty as the successor of the True Parents."[64]

In 2009, Moon's autobiography, As a Peace-Loving Global Citizen (Template:Lang-ko),[65] was published by Gimm-Young Publishers in South Korea. The book became a best-seller in Korea and Japan.[66][67][68][69]

By 2010, Moon had given much of the responsibility for the Unification Church's religious and business activities to their children, who were then in their 30s and 40s.[70]

Illness and death

On 14 August 2012, after suffering from pneumonia earlier in the month, Moon was admitted to St. Mary's Hospital at The Catholic University of Korea in Seoul.[71] On 15 August 2012, he was reported to be gravely ill and was put on a respirator at the intensive care unit of St. Mary’s Hospital.[72] On 31 August 2012, Moon was transferred to a church-owned hospital near his home in Gapyeong, northeast of Seoul,[73] after suffering multiple organ failure.[74] Moon died on the morning of 3 September 2012 (1:54 am KST) at the age of 92.[75]

Honorary degrees and other recognition

Moon held honorary degrees from more than ten universities and colleges worldwide;[76][77][78] at least one of which, the University of Bridgeport, received significant funding from his organizations.[79] He was a member of the Honorary Committee of the Unification Ministry of the Republic of Korea.[80] In 1985, Moon and his wife received Doctor of Divinity degrees from Shaw University.[81]

In 2004, at a ceremony on 23 March in the Dirksen Senate Office Building, in Washington, D.C., Moon crowned himself with what he called the "Crown of Peace", in the presence of numerous U.S. representatives. Some lawmakers who attended subsequently said they had been misled as to the nature of the event.[82][83]

Moon was posthumously awarded North Korea's National Reunification Prize in 2012[84] and a meritorious award by K-League.[85][86] In 2013, Zimbabwean Prime Minister Morgan Tsvangirai stated: "I remain greatly inspired by people like Reverend Dr. Sun Myung Moon, whose work and life across continents continue to impact positively on the lives of millions of others in the world."[87]


Activities and interests

Blessing ceremonies

Main article: Blessing ceremony of the Unification Church

In 1961, Moon established the Unification Church wedding or marriage rededication ceremony, known as the "Blessing" which is given to married (or engaged) couples. The first blessing ceremony was held for 36 couples in Seoul, South Korea by the Moons shortly after their own marriage in 1960. All the couples were members of the church. Moon matched all of the couples except 12 who were already married to each other before joining the church.[88][89] Even larger wedding blessings followed. In 1992, Moon gave the wedding blessing for 30,000 couples at the Seoul Olympic Stadium.[90] Three years later he did it again for 360,000 couples,[91] and in 2009, Moon presided over a Blessing ceremony for 40,000 people on the campus of the Sunmoon University; the ceremony was supported by Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Korea.[92]

In 1986, the psychiatrist Marc Galanter reported that "Moon`s marriages proved to be happy."[93] Another long-run research by psychologist Robert Epstein concluded that "arranged marriage in the Unification Church works as well as arranged marriages in other cultures and certainly far better on average than mainstream marriages in the United States".[94]

Politics

Main article: Unification Church political activities
File:Sun Myung Moon memoirs given to the President of Marshal Islands.jpg
Moon's memoirs presented to the President of the Marshall Islands Christopher Loeak

In the 1950s, Moon was a supporter of the World League for Freedom and Democracy, an international anti-communist organization based in Taiwan. According to the author Amber K, Moon had been loved much by Rockefellers and gained support from them.[95] On 1 February 1974, President Richard Nixon publicly thanked a Unification Church-related pro-Nixon campaign and officially received Moon.[96]

In 1980, Moon asked church members to found CAUSA International as an anti-communist educational organization, based in New York.[97] In the 1980s, it was active in 21 countries. In the United States it sponsored educational conferences for Christian leaders[98] as well as seminars and conferences for Senate staffers and other activists.[99] In 1986, it produced the anti-communist documentary film Nicaragua Was Our Home.[100]

In 1982 Moon's international media conglomerate News World Communications founded The Washington Times in Washington DC. By 1991, Moon said he spent about $1 billion on the paper[101] (by 2002 roughly $1.7 billion),[102] which he called "the instrument in spreading the truth about God to the world".[103]

In August 1985, seven years before the fall of Soviet Union, the Professors World Peace Academy, an organization founded by Moon, sponsored a conference in Geneva to debate the theme "The situation in the world after the fall of the communist empire."[104] In April 1990, Moon visited the Soviet Union and met with President Mikhail Gorbachev. Moon expressed support for the political and economic transformations under way in the Soviet Union. At the same time the Unification Church was expanding into formerly communist nations.[105] In 1991, he met with Kim Il Sung, the North Korean President, to discuss ways to achieve peace on the Korean peninsula, as well as on international relations, tourism, etc.[106]

In 1994, Moon was officially invited to the funeral of Kim Il Sung, in spite of the absence of diplomatic relations between North Korea and South Korea.[107] Later on, in 2011, after the death of Kim Jong-il his youngest son laid a wreath to Kim in Pyongyang.[108]

Since 2000, Moon has promoted the creation of an interreligious council at the United Nations as a check and balance to its political-only structure.[109][110] Since then King Abdullah of Saudi Arabia and King Juan Carlos of Spain hosted officially a program to promote the proposal.[111] Moon's Universal Peace Federation is in special consultative status with the United Nations Economic and Social Council[112][113] and a member of the UN Commission on Sustainable Development,[114][115] a member of the United Nations Division for Palestinian Rights,[116][117] a member of the United Nations Human Rights Council,[118][119][120] a member of the UNHRC,[121][122] a member of the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs and United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific.[123] Three of Moon's NGOs—Universal Peace Federation, Women's Federation for World Peace and Service for Peace—are in consultative status with the United Nations Economic and Social Council.[112][113] In 2000, the International Educational Foundation, founded by Moon, opened an office in the Health Ministry of China in Beijing.[124]

Moon founded the Family Party for Universal Peace and Unity in different countries.[125] Thus, Ek Nath Dhakal, a Member of Parliament (MP) from the party is a member of the Unification Movement and leader of the Nepalese chapter of the Universal Peace Federation.[126] Official events have periodically been held in honor of Sun Myung Moon in the municipalities of Korea.[127] Moon's projects have been lobbied in the National Congress of Brazil by Brazilian MPs.[128][129][130] Formerly, U.S. Presidents Harry S. Truman, Dwight D. Eisenhower and Richard Nixon were "honorary" presidents or directors of Moon's Korean Culture and Freedom Foundation,[131] and former United States Secretary of the Treasury Robert B. Anderson was Moon's consultant.[132] Moon have been held the dialogues between the members of the Israeli Knesset and the Palestinian Parliament as part of his Middle East Peace Initiatives.[133]

Business

Main article: Unification Church business activities

The Unification Church's business holdings include the UPI, The Washington Times,[134] and the Tongil Group, one of the largest South Korean business groups or chaebol with business interests world-wide. The church is the largest owner of U.S. sushi restaurants and in the Kodiak region of Alaska, it is the area's largest employer.[135][136] The church owns the only automobile manufacturing plant in North Korea, Pyeonghwa Motors, and is the second largest exporter of Korean goods.[137][138][139][140]

In 1989, Moon founded Seongnam Ilhwa Chunma,[141] the most successful soccer club in Korean football, having won a record 7 league titles, 2 FA Cups, 3 League Cups, and 2 AFC Champions League titles.

In the 1990s, Moon's ownership of major business enterprises, including The Washington Times, the United Press International, and Pyeonghwa Motors was noted in the media. A small sampling of Moon's possessions included computers and religious icons in Japan, seafood in Alaska and ginseng in Korea, huge tracts of land in South America, a recording studio and travel agency in Manhattan, a horse farm in Texas, and a golf course in California.[142]

In 2004, Moon held an opening ceremony of the largest helicopter manufacturer in Asia, with 500 VIPs participating. Called Washington Times Aviation, the company produces Sikorsky helicopters on a sub-contract basis.[143] Moon traveled worldwide in his private jet which cost $50 million,[144][145] The same year, Moon launched a $ 1.5-billion construction project to build 70-story twin skyscrapers in Seoul.[146] The next year he bought an area of 46,000 m² in Seoul, also for the construction of skyscrapers.[147] Currently the project is under construction and scheduled to be completed by 2013.[148]

In 2011, construction of $18 million Yeosu Expo Hotel was completed; the hotel located at Moon-owned The Ocean Resort in Yeosu, the venue of the Expo 2012.[149] The opening ceremony was attended by the governor of the province.[149][150] Another one, The Ocean Hotel, was completed in February 2012.[151] Moon-owned Yeongpyeong Resort, The Ocean Resort and Pineridge Resort are scheduled to host the Expo 2012,[152][153] 2018 Winter Olympics[154][155] and Formula 1.[156] Moon also managed the FIFA-accredited Peace Cup.[157] The FIFA itself has funded more than $2m for the Peace Cup since 2003.[158]

Science

Main article: Unification Church and science

Moon founded the International Conference on the Unity of the Sciences, a series of scientific conferences.[159][40] The first conference had 20 participants, while the largest conference in Seoul in 1982, had 808 participants from over 100 countries.[160][161] Participants included Nobel laureates John Eccles (Physiology or Medicine 1963, who chaired the 1976 conference)[40] and Eugene Wigner (Physics 1963).[44]

Dance

In 1962, Moon and other church members founded the Little Angels Children’s Folk Ballet of Korea, a children's dance troop which presents traditional Korean folk dances. He said that this was to project a positive image of South Korea to the world.[162] In 1990, Moon founded the $8-million Universal Ballet project, with Soviet-born Oleg Vinogradov as its art director and Moon's daughter-in-law Julia as its prima ballerina. It was described by The New York Times as the top Asian ballet company.[163]

References

  1. ^ a b c d Walkin, Daniel J. (2 September 2012). "Rev. Sun Myung Moon, Self-Proclaimed Messiah Who Built Religious Movement, Dies at 92". New York Times. p. A17. Retrieved 12 June 2013. The Rev. Sun Myung Moon, the Korean evangelist, businessman and self-proclaimed messiah who built a religious movement notable for its mass weddings, fresh-faced proselytizers and links to vast commercial interests, died on Monday
  2. ^ a b Xaykaothao, Doualy (3 September 2013). "Sun Myung Moon, Unification Church Founder, Dies". NPR (National Public Radio). Retrieved 16 June 2013. The Rev. Sun Myung Moon, founder of the Unification Church, has died at the age of 92 in Korea. Unification church members viewed him as a messiah, despite allegations of cult-like behavior and financial fraud. Moon was known for presiding over mass weddings and starting the conservative newspaper The Washington Times.
  3. ^ a b c Hyung-Jin Kim (2 September 2012). "Unification Church founder Rev. Sun Myung Moon dies at 92". USA Today. Retrieved 2 September 2012.
  4. ^ Fisher, Marc (3 September 2012). "Unification Church leaders vow to complete Rev. Moon's mission". Washington Post. Retrieved 12 June 2013.
  5. ^ Bo Hi Pak (2000). Messiah: My testimony to Rev. Sun Myung Moon. Lanham, Md.: University Press of America. ISBN 076182457X.
  6. ^ a b c d Urquhart, Conal (2 September 2013). "Sun Myung Moon, founder of the Moonies, dies in South Korea". The Guardian. © 2013 Guardian News and Media Limited. Retrieved 12 June 2013. Self-proclaimed messiah notorious for mass weddings and creation of Unification Church dies aged 92
  7. ^ a b c d Brown, Emma (2 September 2012). "Sun Myung Moon dies at 92; Washington Times owner led the Unification Church". Washington Post. Retrieved 12 June 2013. self-professed messiah who claimed millions of religious followers in his Unification Church and sought to become a powerful voice in the American conservative movement through business interests
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  10. ^ a b c Schoifet, Mark (2 September 2012). "Sun Myung Moon, Church Head Who Ran Business Empire, Dies". Business Week. Bloomberg News. Retrieved 12 June 2013. As Moon's popularity grew, anti-Moon organizations began forming around the country. Defectors told tales of non-stop indoctrination at church-run camps, including yelling and physical abuse by instructors. Recruits weren't allowed time alone; someone even accompanied them to the bathroom.
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  163. ^ Robertson, Allen (29 July 2001). "DANCE; A Small Place Reaches for Ballet's Big Time". The New York Times.

Further reading

  • Bjornstad, James (1984). Sun Myung & the Unification Church. Rev. ed. Minneapolis, Minn.: Bethany House Publishers. 57 p. N.B.: Rev. ed. of The Moon Is Not the Sun, which had been published in 1976. ISBN 0-87123-301-0
  • Chryssides, George D., The Advent of Sun Myung Moon: The Origins, Beliefs and Practices of the Unification Church (1991) London, Macmillan Professional and Academic Ltd.
  • Durst, Mose. 1984. To bigotry, no sanction: Reverend Sun Myung Moon and the Unification Church. Chicago: Regnery Gateway. ISBN 978-0-89526-609-5
  • Fichter, Joseph Henry. 1985. The holy family of father Moon. Kansas City, Mo: Leaven Press. ISBN 978-0-934134-13-2
  • Gullery, Jonathan. 1986. The Path of a pioneer: the early days of Reverend Sun Myung Moon and the Unification Church. New York: HSA Publications. ISBN 978-0-910621-50-2
  • Hong, Nansook, 1998, In the Shadow of the Moons, Boston, Little, Brown and Company ISBN 0-316-34816-3
  • Introvigne, M., 2000, The Unification Church, Salt Lake City, UT: Signature Books, ISBN 1-56085-145-7
  • Moon, Sun Myung, 2009, As a Peace-Loving Global Citizen. Gimm-Young Publishers ISBN 071660299
  • Peemoeller, Gehard, 2011, Bodyguard for Christ, Independent Publisher Services, ISBN 1450764398
  • Sherwood, Carlton. 1991. Inquisition : The Persecution and Prosecution of the Reverend Sun Myung Moon. Washington, D.C.: Regnery Gateway. ISBN 978-0-89526-532-6
  • Sontag, Frederick. 1977. Sun Myung Moon and the Unification Church. Nashville, Tenn: Abingdon Press. ISBN 978-0-687-40622-7
  • Tingle, D. and Fordyce, R. 1979, Phases and Faces of the Moon: A Critical Examination of the Unification Church and its Principles, Hicksville, NY: Exposition Press ISBN 0-682-49264-7
  • Ward, Thomas J. 2006. March to Moscow: the role of the Reverend Sun Myung Moon in the collapse of communism. St. Paul, Minn: Paragon House. ISBN 978-1-885118-16-5
  • Yamamoto, J. Isamu, 1995, Unification Church, Grand Rapids, Michigan: Zondervan Publishing House ISBN 0-310-70381-6

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