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Revision as of 23:38, 3 September 2012

Template:Korean name

Sun Myung Moon (Korean 문선명; born Mun Yong-myeong; 25 February 1920 – 3 September 2012) was a South Korean best known as the founder of the Unification Church, and for his claim that he was a messiah.[1]

He was also known as a media mogul and activist.[2][3][4][5][6][7] The church claims five to seven million members worldwide, though this number is said to be only 100,000 by some ex-members and critics of the church,[8] and often garners media attention for the blessing ceremony, a mass wedding or marriage rededication ceremony (usually presided over by Moon and his wife Hak Ja Han) which sometimes features thousands of participants.[9][10][11][12] The church's portfolio of global interests has become a multi-billion-dollar empire.[13][14][15][16][17] Three of Moon's NGOs—Universal Peace Federation, Women's Federation for World Peace and Service for Peace—are in consultative status with the United Nations Economic and Social Council.[18][19]

Biography

Early life

Main article: Timeline of Sun Myung Moon § Early life

Sun Myung Moon was born Mun Yong-myeong on 25 February 1920 in modern-day Sangsa-ri (上思里), Deogun-myon, Jeongju-gun, North P'yŏng'an Province, at a time when Korea was under Japanese rule. Moon's birthday was recorded as 6 January by the traditional lunar calendar (25 February 1920 according to the Gregorian Calendar).[20][21]

Moon's family followed traditional Confucianist beliefs. When he was around 10 years old, they converted to Christianity and joined the Presbyterian Church, where he taught Sunday school.[22]

In November 1943, Moon married Sun Kil Choi. Their son, Sung Jin Moon, was born in 1946. They divorced in 1953.[23]

After World War II and the Japanese occupation ended in 1945, Moon began preaching his message.[22] The beginnings of the church's official teachings, the Divine Principle, first saw written form in 1946. The book lays out the core of Unification theology and is held to have the status of scripture by believers[24] estimated five to seven million people worldwide.[9][25][11][26]

Moon was arrested in 1946 by North Korean officials[why?] and given a five-year sentence in 1948 to the Hŭngnam labor camp, where prisoners were routinely worked to death on short rations. After serving 34 months of his sentence, Moon was released in 1950, during the Korean War when United Nations troops advanced on the camp and the guards fled.[27]

Establishment of church and second marriage

Main article: Timeline of Sun Myung Moon § 1950s and 1960s

Moon built his first church as a refugee in Pusan before formally founding "The Holy Spirit(ual) Association for the Unification of World Christianity" in Seoul on 1 May 1954. He published the foundation book of the church, Wolli Hesol, or Explanation of the Divine Principle, in 1957.[27]

Moon married his second wife, Hak Ja Han, on 11 April 1960, soon after she turned 17 years old, in a ceremony called the Holy Marriage. Han, called Mother or True Mother by followers, and her husband together are referred to as the True Parents by members of the Unification Church. Han gave birth to 14 children; her second daughter died in infancy. The family is known in the church as the True Family and the children as the True Children. [28]

Breakthrough into world fame

Main article: Timeline of Sun Myung Moon § 1970s to 1990s

In the 1970s Moon, who had seldom spoken to the general public, gave a series of public speeches to audiences in the United States, Japan, and South Korea. The largest were a rally in 1975 against North Korean aggression in Seoul and a speech at an event organized by the Unification Church in Washington D.C.[29] At the time, Moon was the best known Korean in the world.[30]

In 1971, Moon moved to the United States, which he had first visited in 1965. He remained a Korean citizen and maintained a residence in South Korea.[31]

In 1975, Moon sponsored one of the largest peaceful gatherings in history (1.2 mln people) in Yoido, South Korea. That same year, he sponsored a rally of 300,000 by the Washington Monument in Washington D.C..[32]

In the 1980s and beyond, Moon and the Unification Church remained a global phenomenon. Moon met with world leaders, endowed charitable foundations, and received plaudits from many quarters.

Moon diversified into media. In 1982 Moon sponsored the US$50 million movie Inchon about the Korean War.[33]

United States v. Sun Myung Moon

Main article: United States v. Sun Myung Moon

In 1982, Moon was convicted in the United States of filing false federal income tax returns and conspiracy. His conviction was upheld on appeal in a split decision. Moon was given an 18-month sentence and a $15,000 fine. He served 13 months of the sentence at the Federal Correctional Institution, Danbury before being released on good behavior to a halfway house.[34]

The case was the center of national freedom of religion and free speech debates.[35] Prof. Laurence H. Tribe of the Harvard University Law School argued that the trial by jury had "doomed (Moon) to conviction based on religious prejudice."[36] Many notable clergy signed petitions protesting the government's case and spoke out in defense of Moon, including Jerry Falwell and Joseph Lowery. [37][38][39]

Consolidation and expansion

Main article: Timeline of Sun Myung Moon § 2000s and beyond

Moon's influence spread further in the 2000s.

In 2000 Moon sponsored a United Nations conference which proposed the formation of "a religious assembly, or council of religious representatives, within the structure of the United Nations."[40] In the same year, he joined with Nation of Islam leader Louis Farrakhan in sponsoring the Million Family March in Washington D.C., a follow-up event to the Million Man March held in 1995.[41]

In 2000, one of the Moon's front organizations, launched activities in China and opened an office in the Health Ministry of China in Beijing.[42]

On 12 September 2005, at the age of 85, Moon inaugurated the Universal Peace Federation with a 120-city world speaking tour.[43] At each city, Moon delivered his speech titled "God's Ideal Family – the Model for World Peace".

In April 2008, Moon appointed his youngest son Hyung Jin Moon to be the new leader of the Unification Church and the worldwide Unification Movement, saying, "I hope everyone helps him so that he may fulfill his duty as the successor of the True Parents."[44]

On 19 July 2008, Moon, Han, and fourteen others were slightly injured when their Sikorsky S-92 helicopter crashed during an emergency landing and burst into flames in Gapyeong.[45][46] Moon and all 15 others had survived the incident with minor injuries, and were treated at the nearby church-affiliated Cheongshim Hospital.[47]

In 2009, Moon's autobiography, As a Peace-Loving Global Citizen (Template:Lang-ko),[48] was published by Gimm-Young Publishers in South Korea. The book became a best-seller in Korea and Japan.[49][50][51][52]

Illness and death

On 14 August 2012, after suffering from pneumonia earlier in the month, Moon was admitted to St. Mary's Hospital at The Catholic University of Korea in Seoul.[53] On August 15, 2012, he was reported to be gravely ill and was put on a respirator at the intensive care unit of St. Mary’s Hospital.

On August 31, 2012, Moon was transferred to a church-owned hospital after suffering multiple organ failure [2]. Moon died on the morning of 3 September 2012 (1:54 am KST) at the age of 92.[54] He died at a church-owned hospital near his home in Gapyeong, northeast of Seoul.[55]

Honorary degrees and other recognition

Moon held honorary degrees from more than ten universities and colleges worldwide.[56][57][58] He was a member of the Honorary Committee of the Unification Ministry of the Republic of Korea.[59] In 1985, Moon and his wife received Doctor of Divinity degrees from Shaw University.[60]

In 2004, at a ceremony on 23 March in the Dirksen Senate Office Building, in Washington, D.C., Moon crowned himself with what he called the "Crown of Peace", in the presence of numerous U.S. representatives. Some lawmakers who attended subsequently said they had been misled as to the nature of the event.[61][62][61][62]

Unification Church

Main article: Unification Church

Moon formally founded the Unification Church in Seoul on May 1, 1954, calling it "The Holy Spirit(ual) Association for the Unification of World Christianity." The church expanded rapidly in South Korea and by the end of 1955 had 30 church centers throughout the nation. In 1958 Moon sent missionaries to Japan, and in 1959, to America. By 1971 the Unification Church of the United States had about 500 members. By 1973 the church had some presence in all 50 states and a few thousand members.[63] Missionaries were also sent to Europe. The church entered Czechoslovakia in 1968 and remained underground until the 1990s.[64] In 1975, Moon sent out missionaries to 120 countries to spread the Unification Church around the world and also in part, he said, to act as "lightning rods" to receive "persecution." Unification Church activity in South America began in the 1970s with missionary work.[65]

In the next few decades it expanded to most nations of the world and now has five to seven million members.[9][25][11][66] By 2010, Moon had given much of the responsibility for the Unification Church's religious and business activities to their children, who were then in their 30s and 40s.[67]

Blessing ceremonies

Main article: Blessing ceremony of the Unification Church

In 1961 Moon established the Unification Church wedding or marriage rededication ceremony, known as the "Blessing" which is given to married (or engaged) couples. The first blessing ceremony was held for 36 couples in Seoul, South Korea by the Moons shortly after their own marriage in 1960. All the couples were members of the church. Moon matched all of the couples except 12 who were already married to each other before joining the church.[68][69] Even larger wedding blassings followed; in 1992 Moon gave the wedding blessing for 30,000 couples at the Seoul Olympic Stadium.[70] Three years later he did it again for 360,000 couples here.[71] and in 2009, Moon presided over a Blessing ceremony for 40,000 people on the campus of the Sunmoon University; the ceremony was supported by Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Korea.[72]

In 1986, the psychiatrist Marc Galanter made a research which concluded that "Moon`s marriages proved to be happy."[73] Another long-run research by psychologist Robert Epstein concluded that "arranged marriage in the Unification Church works as well as arranged marriages in other cultures and certainly far better on average than mainstream marriages in the United States".[74] According to USA Today, "Moon teaches that romantic love leads to sexual promiscuity, mismatched couples and dysfunctional societies".[75][76]

In 2001, a Roman Catholic Church archbishop, Emmanuel Milingo, was wed by Moon with a Unification Church member in a blessing ceremony.[77]

Politics

Main article: Unification Church political activities

In the 1950s, Moon was a supporter of the World League for Freedom and Democracy, an international anti-communist organization based in Taiwan.[78] On February 1, 1974, President Richard Nixon publicly thanked a Unification Church-related pro-Nixon campaign and officially received Moon.[79]

In 1980 Moon asked church members to found CAUSA International as an anti-communist educational organization, based in New York.[80] In the 1980s it was active in 21 countries. In the United States it sponsored educational conferences for Christian leaders[81] as well as seminars and conferences for Senate staffers and other activists.[82] In 1986 it produced the anti-communist documentary film Nicaragua Was Our Home.[83]

In Washington, D.C., Moon found common ground with strongly anti-communist leaders of the 1980s, including United States President Ronald Reagan. His international media conglomerate News World Communications founded The Washington Times in 1982. By 1991, Moon said he spent about $1 billion on the paper[84] (by 2002 roughly $1.7 billion),[85] which he called "the instrument in spreading the truth about God to the world".[86]

In August 1985, seven years before the fall of Soviet Union, the Professors World Peace Academy, an organization founded by Moon, sponsored a conference in Geneva to debate the theme "The situation in the world after the fall of the communist empire."[87] In April 1990 Moon visited the Soviet Union and met with President Mikhail Gorbachev. Moon expressed support for the political and economic transformations under way in the Soviet Union. At the same time the Unification Church was expanding into formerly communist nations.[88] In 1991 he met with Kim Il Sung, the North Korean President, to discuss ways to achieve peace on the Korean peninsula, as well as on international relations, tourism, etc.[89]

In 1994, Moon was officially invited to the funeral of Kim Il Sung, in spite of the absence of diplomatic relations between North Korea and South Korea.[90] Later on, in 2011, after the death of Kim Jong-il his youngest son laid a wreath to Kim in Pyongyang.[91] In 1995, Moon met with the Argentinian President Carlos Menem.[92]

Since 2000, Moon has promoted the creation of an interreligious council at the United Nations as a check and balance to its political-only structure.[93][94] Since then King Abdullah of Saudi Arabia and King Juan Carlos of Spain hosted officially a program to promote the proposal.[95] Moon's Universal Peace Federation is in general consultative status with the United Nations Economic and Social Council[18][19] and a member of the UN Commission on Sustainable Development,[96][97] a member of the United Nations Division for Palestinian Rights,[98][99] a member of the United Nations Human Rights Council,[100][101][102] a member of the UNHRC,[103][104] a member of the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs and United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific.[105]

Moon founded the Family Party for Universal Peace and Unity in different countries.[106] Thus, Ek Nath Dhakal, a Member of Parliament (MP) from the party is a member of the Unification Movement and leader of the Nepalese chapter of the Universal Peace Federation.[107] Official events have periodically been held in honor of Sun Myung Moon in the municipalities of Korea.[108] Moon's projects have been lobbied in the National Congress of Brazil by Brazilian MPs.[109][110][111] Formerly, U.S. Presidents Harry S. Truman, Dwight D. Eisenhower and Richard Nixon were "honorary" presidents or directors of Moon's Korean Culture and Freedom Foundation,[112] and former United States Secretary of the Treasury Robert B. Anderson was Moon's consultant.[113] Moon have been held the dialogues between the members of the Israeli Knesset and the Palestinian Parliament as part of his Middle East Peace Initiatives.[114]

Business interests

Main article: Unification Church business activities

The Unification Church's business holdings include the UPI, The Washington Times,[115] and the Tongil Group, one of the largest South Korean business groups or chaebol with business interests world-wide. The church is the largest owner of U.S. sushi restaurants and in the Kodiak region of Alaska, it is the area's largest employer.[116][117] The church owns the only automobile manufacturing plant in North Korea, Pyeonghwa Motors, and is the second largest exporter of Korean goods.[118][119][120][121]

In 1989, Moon became the largest foreign investor in China[122][123] In 1989, Moon founded Seongnam Ilhwa Chunma,[124] the most successful soccer club in Korean football, having won a record 7 league titles, 2 FA Cups, 3 League Cups, and 2 AFC Champions League titles.

In the 1990s Moon's ownership of major business enterprises, including The Washington Times, the United Press International, and Pyeonghwa Motors was noted in the media. A small sampling of Moon's possessions included computers and religious icons in Japan, seafood in Alaska and ginseng in Korea, huge tracts of land in South America, a recording studio and travel agency in Manhattan, a horse farm in Texas, and a golf course in California.[125]

In 2004, Moon held an opening ceremony of the largest helicopter manufacturer in Asia, with 500 VIPs participating, namely Washington Times Aviation; the company produces Sikorsky helicopters on sub-contract basis.[126] Moon traveled worldwide in his private jet which cost $ 50 million,[127][128] The same year, Moon launched $ 1.5-billion construction project of 70-storey twin skyscrapers in Seoul;[129] a year later he bought an area of ​​46,000 m ² in Seoul for the construction of skyscrapers.[130] Currently the project is under construction and scheduled to be completed by 2013.[131]

In 2011, construction of $18 million Yeosu Expo Hotel was completed; the hotel located at Moon-owned The Ocean Resort in Yeosu, the venue of the Expo 2012.[132] The opening ceremony was attended by the governor of the relevant province.[132][133] Another one, The Ocean Hotel, was completed in February 2012.[134] Moon-owned Yeongpyeong Resort, The Ocean Resort and Pineridge Resort are scheduled to host the Expo 2012,[135][136] 2018 Winter Olympics[137][138] and Formula 1.[139] Moon also manages FIFA-accredited Peace Cup.[140] FIFA itself has funded more than $2m for Peace Cup since 2003.[141]

Other activities

Science

Main article: Unification Church and science

In 1972, Moon founded the International Conference on the Unity of the Sciences, a series of scientific conferences.[142][143] The first conference had 20 participants, while the largest conference in Seoul in 1982, had 808 participants from over 100 countries.[144][145] Participants included Nobel laureates John Eccles (Physiology or Medicine 1963, who chaired the 1976 conference)[146] and Eugene Wigner (Physics 1963).[147]

Dance

In 1962, Moon and other church members founded the Little Angels Children’s Folk Ballet of Korea, a children's dance troop which presents traditional Korean folk dances. He said that this was to project a positive image of South Korea to the world.[148] In 1990, Moon founded the $8-million Universal Ballet project, with Soviet-born Oleg Vinogradov as its art director and Julia Moon as its prima ballerina, described by the New York Times as the top Asian ballet company.[149]

Family

File:Sun Myung Moon and his family and German followers in Germany in May 2011 in front of the Brandenburg Gate.jpg
Sun Myung Moon and his family and German followers in Germany in May 2011

Moon had many children, including one son by his first wife[23] and 14 with his second wife, Hak Ja Han Moon.[55] The second daughter of his second wife died in infancy.[28] Some of his children have leadership roles in the church.[150]

Named Children
  1. Hyo Jin Moon (1962–2008)
  2. In Jin Tatiana Moon (born 1965)
  3. Heung Jin Moon (1966–1984)
  4. Un Jin Moon (born 1967)
  5. Hyun Jin Moon (born 1969)
  6. Kook Jin Justin Moon (born 1970)
  7. Young Jin Moon, or Younjin Phillip Moon (1978–1999)
  8. Hyung Jin Sean Moon (born 1979)

References

  1. ^ Emma Brown (2012-09-02). "Sun Myung Moon dies at 92; Washington Times owner led the Unification Church". Washington Post. Retrieved 2012-09-02.
  2. ^ Andrew Kreig, Helen Thomas Denounces DC
  3. ^ Marc Fisher and Jeff Leen Stymied in U.S., Moon’s Church Sounds a Retreat//Washington Post,24 November 1997
  4. ^ Yuki Noguchi Washington Times Owner Buys UPI // Washington Post, 16.05.2000
  5. ^ "길은 몇개인가?(13):사실 그 자체 -매스타임즈". Mest.kr. Retrieved 2012-09-03.
  6. ^ Sun Myung Moon forms new political party to merge
  7. ^ excerpt The Unification Church Studies in Contemporary Religion, Massimo Introvigne, 2000, Signature Books, Salt Lake City, Utah, ISBN 1-56085-145-7
  8. ^ Hyung-Jin Kim (2012-9-02). "Unification Church founder Rev. Sun Myung Moon dies at 92". USA Today. Retrieved 2012-9-02. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help)
  9. ^ a b c Chicago Tribune http://www.chicagotribune.com/health/sns-rt-us-korea-weddingbre82n06o-20120324,0,3454978.story. {{cite news}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  10. ^ "Thousands join Moon for mass wedding in South Korea". Reuters. March 24, 2012.
  11. ^ a b c Gayle, Damien. "2,500 marriages made in Moonie heaven: Couples from more than 50 countries tie the knot in mass South Korea ceremony". Daily Mail. London.
  12. ^ Thousands Join Moon Mass Wedding, news.yahoo.com
  13. ^ "Thousands join Moon for mass wedding in South Korea". Reuters. March 24, 2012. Retrieved 1 April 2012.
  14. ^ [1] Sushi & Rev. Moon, Chicago Tribune, by Monica Eng, Delroy Alexander and David Jackson, April 11 2006, Chicago, IL
  15. ^ "Finding Words". Webcache.googleusercontent.com. Retrieved 2012-09-03.
  16. ^ "Lawmakers Scurry From the Light". The New York Times. June 27, 2004.
  17. ^ "Kbs News". News.kbs.co.kr. Retrieved 2012-09-03.
  18. ^ a b un.org
  19. ^ a b James, Barry (August 15, 2002). "The expanding reach of nongovernment aid". The New York Times.
  20. ^ From online New World Encyclopedia article.
  21. ^ Reverend Sun Myung Moon birthplace, Wikimapia
  22. ^ a b Unification Church: Mass Moonie Marriage in the US, BBC News, Saturday, November 29, 1997.
  23. ^ a b The Unification Church: Studies in Contemporary Religion Massimo Introvigne, Signature Books, ISBN 1-56085-145-7
  24. ^ Korean Moon: Waxing of Waning?, Leo Sandon Jr., Theology Today, Vol 35, No 2, July 1978
  25. ^ a b "Thousands join Moon for mass wedding in South Korea". Reuters. March 24, 2012.
  26. ^ "Thousands join Moon for mass wedding in South Korea - Yahoo! News Maktoob". En-maktoob.news.yahoo.com. 2012-03-24. Retrieved 2012-09-03.
  27. ^ a b Introvigne, 2000
  28. ^ a b Cowan, Douglas E. (2007). Cults and New Religions: A Brief History (Blackwell Brief Histories of Religion). Blackwell Pub. pp. 96, 103. ISBN 1405161272. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  29. ^ "Moon Festival Draws 50,000 to Monument", Washington Post, September 19, 1976.
  30. ^ Moon Sun-myung: son of the broken-hearted God, Korea Times
  31. ^ "Image of Moon's arrival" (JPG). Retrieved 2006-04-29.
  32. ^ Richard Quebedeaux, Lifestyle : Conversations with Members of Unification Church
  33. ^ Kempley, Rita (September 17, 1982). "Mooning Over MacArthur". The Washington Post. The Washington Post Company. p. Weekend At The Movies; Pg. 13.
  34. ^ Moon's Japanese Profits Bolster Efforts in U.S. Washington Post September 16, 2008
  35. ^ "Clerics Urge Pardon For Rev. Moon". Chicago Tribune. August 21, 1985.
  36. ^ "THE CITY; Arguments Heard In Moon's Appeal". The New York Times. March 24, 1983.
  37. ^ The Unification Church Aims a Major Public Relations Effort at Christian Leaders Christianity Today April 19, 1985.
  38. ^ Introvigne, Massimo, 2000, The Unification Church Studies in Contemporary Religion, Signature Books, Salt Lake City, Utah, ISBN 1-56085-145-7, excerpt
  39. ^ Moon's financial rise and fall,Harvard Crimson, October 11, 1984
  40. ^ International religious summit at U.N. receives criticism, Baptist Press, August 28, 2000.
  41. ^ Million Family March reaches out to all
  42. ^ Group Founded by Sun Myung Moon Preaches Sexual Abstinence in China — New York Times
  43. ^ "Family Federation for World Peace and Unification of U.S.A". Retrieved 2006-04-29.
  44. ^ Son of Moonies founder takes over as church leader The Guardian, 2008-04-28
  45. ^ iht.com/articles, Unification Church founder Sun Myung Moon released from hospital after helicopter crash
  46. ^ Account of crash by the Moons' youngest son
  47. ^ Unification Church founder Sun Myung Moon, 15 others injured in helicopter crash Herald Tribune, July 19, 2008
  48. ^ "네이버 책 :: 네이버는 책을 사랑합니다". naver.com. Retrieved 14 October 2009.
  49. ^ 문선명 자서전, 전국 목회자에 발송
  50. ^ 문선명 총재 자서전 100만부 돌파
  51. ^ 신경숙 소설 3위로 상승
  52. ^ 덕혜옹주 4주 연속 1위
  53. ^ Yoon, Sangwon (August 15, 2012). "Unification Church Says Leader Moon Is 'Gravely Ill'". Bloomberg. Retrieved 16 August 2012.
  54. ^ "The Rev. Sun Myung Moon, founder of The Times, dies at 92", Washington Times, 09/02/2012.
  55. ^ a b Brown, Emma (2 September 2012). "Sun Myung Moon dies at 92; Washington Times owner led the Unification Church". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2 September 2012.
  56. ^ Moon Gets Honorary Degree From Argentine at the U.N. / New York Times, November 17, 1984
  57. ^ "학교법인 선문학원, 제7대 한학자 이사장 취임 : 대학뉴스 : 사회 : 뉴스 : 한겨레". Hani.co.kr. Retrieved 2012-09-03.
  58. ^ Мир Религий // Досье // Мун Сон Мён
  59. ^ Ministry of Unification of the Republic of Korea, official webpage
  60. ^ "Around The Nation: Divinity School Awards Moon Honorary Degree". The New York Times. May 13, 1985.
  61. ^ a b Babington, Charles (2004). "The Rev. Moon Honored at Hill Reception – Lawmakers Say They Were Misled". Washington Post: A01. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  62. ^ a b "Lawmakers Scurry From the Light". New York Times. 2004-06-27.
  63. ^ Introvigne, M., 2000, The Unification Church, Signature Books, ISBN 1-56085-145-7
  64. ^ Czechs, Now 'Naively' Seeking Direction, See Dangers in Cults, New York Times, February 14, 1996
  65. ^ Unification Church Gains Respect in Latin America, New York Times, November 24, 1996
  66. ^ "Thousands join Moon for mass wedding in South Korea – Yahoo! News Maktoob". En-maktoob.news.yahoo.com. 2012-03-24. Retrieved 2012-05-23.
  67. ^ Sons Rise in a Moon Shadow,Forbes, April 12, 2010
  68. ^ Duddy, Neil Interview: Dr. Mose Durst
  69. ^ Marriage by the numbers; Moon presides as 6,500 couples wed in S. Korea Peter Maass Washington Post October 31, 1988
  70. ^ Bak Byeong Ryong Unification Church believers around the world three manyeossang joint wedding //MBCNews, 25 August 1992
  71. ^ '통일교 신자 납치·감금'...배후는? SBS News
  72. ^ Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade (South Korea)
  73. ^ Van, Jon (October 26, 1986). "Moon's Marriages Prove To Be Happy". Chicago Tribune.
  74. ^ Unification Church Arranged Marriages Surprisingly Strong
  75. ^ Does love last longer in arranged marriages? Daniel Burke, USA Today
  76. ^ Unificationists tout arranged marriage
  77. ^ "Maverick Archbishop Weds in Manhattan, Perhaps Pushing Catholic Church to Limit". The New York Times. May 28, 2001.
  78. ^ "Growth of Reagan's Contra Commitment excerpted from the book The Iran-Contra Connection Secret Teams and Covert Operations in the Reagan Era". Thirdworldtraveler.com. Retrieved 2008-10-17.
  79. ^ Nixon Archives Governmental Library
  80. ^ "Moon's 'Cause' Takes Aim At Communism in Americas." The Washington Post. August 28, 1983
  81. ^ Sun Myung Moon's Followers Recruit Christians to Assist in Battle Against Communism Christianity Today June 15, 1985
  82. ^ Church Spends Millions On Its Image, Washington Post, 1984-09-17. "Another church political arm, Causa International, which preaches a philosophy it calls "God-ism," has been spending millions of dollars on expense-paid seminars and conferences for Senate staffers, Hispanic Americans and conservative activists. It also has contributed $500,000 to finance an anticommunist lobbying campaign headed by John T. (Terry) Dolan, chairman of the National Conservative Political Action Committee (NCPAC)."
  83. ^ Public TV Tilts Toward Conservatives, Fairness & Accuracy In Reporting "While conservatives dismiss Bill Moyers' world-class documentaries on our constitutional checks and balances as "propaganda," they never mention PBS's airing of unabashed right-wing agitprop films such as Nicaragua Was Our Home (the pro-contra film produced by Rev. Sun Myung Moon's CAUSA, which funded the contras after Congress' ban)...."
  84. ^ "Literally nine hundred million to one billion dollars has been spent to activate and run the Washington Times" -Sun Myung Moon, "True Family and True Universe centering on True Love", Founder's Address, 15th Anniversary of The Washington Times, June 16, 1997, Washington, DC.
  85. ^ "As of this year, Moon and his businesses have plowed about $1.7 billion into subsidizing the Times, say current and former employees." "Moon Speech Raises Old Ghosts as the Times Turns 20", by Frank Ahrens, Washington Post, May 23, 2002.
  86. ^ Chinni, Dante (2002). "The Other Paper: The Washington Times's role". Columbia Journalism Review. Archived from the original on 2006-04-19. Retrieved 2006-04-29.
  87. ^ Projections about a post-Soviet world-twenty-five years later. // Goliath Business News
  88. ^ EVOLUTION IN EUROPE; New Flock for Moon Church: The Changing Soviet Student from The New York Times
  89. ^ At Time of Change for Rev. Moon Church, a Return to Tradition // The New York Times, 14 October 2009
  90. ^ mk 뉴스 — 金장례식에 日여자마술사 초청한 까닭
  91. ^ N. Korean heir called 'supreme leader' — USATODAY.com
  92. ^ "Unification Church Gains Respect in Latin America". The New York Times. November 24, 1996.
  93. ^ Universal Peace Federation, biztechreport.com
  94. ^ Quotes//Spirituality//Moon, crossroad.to
  95. ^ Inter Press Service
  96. ^ un.org
  97. ^ un.org
  98. ^ un.org
  99. ^ un.org
  100. ^ un.org
  101. ^ un.org
  102. ^ un.org
  103. ^ un.org
  104. ^ unhcr.org
  105. ^ search "IIFWP": this is a former name of Universal Peace Federation un.org
  106. ^ Sun Myung Moon forms new political party to merge divided Koreas
  107. ^ Fresh Blast of Family Party in Nepal//The Segye Times, 03 April 2008
  108. ^ Governmental news web-page of Tongyeong City, Republic of Korea
  109. ^ Congressional papers of the Chamber of Deputies
  110. ^ Congressional papers of the Chamber of Deputies
  111. ^ Congressional papers of the Chamber of Deputies
  112. ^ "Korean denies influence peddling". Bangor Daily News. Retrieved 21 March 2012.
  113. ^ Pace, Eric (August 16, 1989). "ROBERT B. ANDERSON, EX-TREASURY CHIEF, DIES AT 79". The New York Times.
  114. ^ Ghouse, Mike (February 21, 2012). "Commitment to Israel-Palestine, Part 2". Huffington Post.
  115. ^ Around The Nation; Sun Myung Moon Paper Appears in Washington from The New York Times
  116. ^ Tooth and Claw | CAA
  117. ^ Monica Eng, Delroy Alexander and David Jackson Sushi and Rev. Moon: How Americans' growing appetite for sushi is helping to support his controversial church// Chicago Tribune, 11 April 2006
  118. ^ usaid.gov
  119. ^ Donald Kirk No, Not Yet.Palaver in Pyongyang doesn’t signal a northern manufacturing itch from Korea’s conglomerates.//Forbes,29 October 2007
  120. ^ Barbara Demick Who gave N. Korea those power tools?// Los Angeles Times 27 September 2008.
  121. ^ "National News Briefs; Unification Church Head Charged in Fishing Case". The New York Times. August 31, 2000.
  122. ^ "Panda Motor Gets Cash". Chicago Tribune. December 3, 1989.
  123. ^ "China". Los Angeles Times. July 15, 1991.
  124. ^ CNN, Soccer World News//World Roundup
  125. ^ A Church in Flux Is Flush With Cash, by Marc Fisher and Jeff Leen, Washington Post Staff Writers, Sunday, November 23, 1997.
  126. ^ Governmental web-page of the Republic of Korea
  127. ^ 통일교 과천 교회 박준철 현직 목사 탈퇴 기자 회견 54가지 비리 폭로
  128. ^ 통일교 과천 교회 박준철 현직 목사 탈퇴 기자 회견 54가지 비리 폭로
  129. ^ 주간조선 — 1등 인터넷뉴스 조선닷컴
  130. ^ '파크원 분쟁' 통일교재단, 前이사장 배임 고소 | 연합뉴스
  131. ^ JoongAng Ilbo Tablet edition
  132. ^ a b 여수 거문도에 관광호텔 준공
  133. ^ Yeosoo EXPO Hotel
  134. ^ 도정활동25시 > 현장스케치
  135. ^ Governmental webpage of Jeju Island, Republic of Korea
  136. ^ CJ News
  137. ^ Finance Today
  138. ^ cupress.com
  139. ^ Governmental web-page of Jeonnam City
  140. ^ West Ham turn their attention to Baros, The Daily Telegraph
  141. ^ Governmental web-page of Daegu City
  142. ^ excerpt The Unification Church Studies in Contemporary Religion, Massimo Introvigne, 2000, Signature Books, Salt Lake City, Utah, ISBN 1-56085-145-7
  143. ^ Kety Quits Moon-Linked ICF Conference Harvard Crimson, 1976-08-10.
  144. ^ ICUS Statement of Purpose
  145. ^ Church Spends Millions On Its Image Washington Post. 1984-09-17
  146. ^ Kety Quits Moon-linked ICF Conference, Harvard Crimson
  147. ^ Eugene Paul Wigner Papers Princeton University Library
  148. ^ Sewell, Rhonda B. (February 28, 2003). "Korean Culture Takes the Stage". The Blade. p. D11. The colors, sounds, and heritage of South Korea will come alive tonight as the Little Angels, an all-girls Korean folk ballet company, performs in the Ritz Theatre in Tiffin.... The company was founded in 1962 by the Rev. Sun Myung Moon and his wife, Hak Ja Han, as a way to project a positive image of the country....
  149. ^ Robertson, Allen (July 29, 2001). "DANCE; A Small Place Reaches for Ballet's Big Time". The New York Times.
  150. ^ Kirk, Donald (May 2, 2010). "Sons rise in a Moon's shadow". Forbes.

Further reading

  • Bryant, M. Darrol, and Herbert W. Richardson. 1978. A Time for consideration: a scholarly appraisal of the Unification Church. New York: E. Mellen Press. ISBN 978-0-88946-954-9
  • Chryssides, George D., The Advent of Sun Myung Moon: The Origins, Beliefs and Practices of the Unification Church (1991) London, Macmillan Professional and Academic Ltd.
  • Durst, Mose. 1984. To bigotry, no sanction: Reverend Sun Myung Moon and the Unification Church. Chicago: Regnery Gateway. ISBN 978-0-89526-609-5
  • Fichter, Joseph Henry. 1985. The holy family of father Moon. Kansas City, Mo: Leaven Press. ISBN 978-0-934134-13-2
  • Gullery, Jonathan. 1986. The Path of a pioneer: the early days of Reverend Sun Myung Moon and the Unification Church. New York: HSA Publications. ISBN 978-0-910621-50-2
  • Hong, Nansook, 1998, In the Shadow of the Moons, Boston, Little, Brown and Company ISBN 0-316-34816-3
  • Introvigne, M., 2000, The Unification Church, Signature Books, ISBN 1-56085-145-7
  • Moon, Sun Myung, 2009, As a Peace-Loving Global Citizen. Gimm-Young Publishers ISBN 071660299
  • Peemoeller, Gehard, 2011, Bodyguard for Christ, Independent Publisher Services, ISBN 1450764398
  • Sherwood, Carlton. 1991. Inquisition : The Persecution and Prosecution of the Reverend Sun Myung Moon. Washington, D.C.: Regnery Gateway. ISBN 978-0-89526-532-6
  • Sontag, Frederick. 1977. Sun Myung Moon and the Unification Church. Nashville, Tenn: Abingdon Press. ISBN 978-0-687-40622-7
  • Tingle, D. and Fordyce, R. 1979, Phases and Faces of the Moon: A Critical Examination of the Unification Church and its Principles, Hicksville, NY: Exposition Press ISBN 0-682-49264-7
  • Ward, Thomas J. 2006. March to Moscow: the role of the Reverend Sun Myung Moon in the collapse of communism. St. Paul, Minn: Paragon House. ISBN 978-1-885118-16-5
  • Yamamoto, J. Isamu, 1995, Unification Church, Grand Rapids, Michigan: Zondervan Publishing House ISBN 0-310-70381-6

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