"Onychorhynchus" redirects here; not to be confused with Onychocrinus.

The royal flycatchers are a genus, Onychorhynchus, of passerine birds that most taxonomic systems place in family Onychorhynchidae. The members are found in Mexico, Central America, and much of South America.[1]

Names

The genus name Onychorhynchus comes from the Greek words ὄνυξ onyx "nail" and ρυγχος rhynkhos "bill".[2] The specific epithet of the type species, coronatus, and the common name royal flycatcher, refer to the striking, colorful crest,[3] which is seen displayed very rarely,[3] except after mating, while preening, in courtship as well as being handled.[3]

Taxonomy and systematics

For many years the IOC and BirdLife International's Handbook of the Birds of the World (HBW) placed four species in genus Onychorhynchus.[4][5] In 2024 the IOC combined ("lumped") the northern, Amazonian, and Pacific royal flycatchers as a single species, the tropical royal flycatcher (O. coronatus), leaving the Atlantic royal flycatcher (O. swainsoni) unchanged.[6]

The taxonomies of the genus and of the family Tityridae remain unsettled. The Clements taxonomy recognizes the same two species of royal flycatcher as the IOC. In 2024 Clements placed them and five other species in family Onychorhynchidae and the IOC followed suit in early 2025.[7][1] The North American and South American Classification Committees of the American Ornithological Society (AOS) treat genus Onychorhynchus as having one species, the royal flycatcher (O. coronatus sensu lato), with multiple subspecies. Like the IOC and Clements, the AOS committees place the royal flycatcher in family Onychorhynchidae. (The South American committee is seeking a proposal for reevaluation of the taxa.)[8][9] However, HBW retains the four-species treatment and also retains them in family Tityridae where the IOC and Clements had earlier placed them.[10] [11][12]

As of early 2025 the IOC and Clements recognize these two species in genus Onychorhynchus.[1][7]

Image Scientific name Common Name Distribution
Onychorhynchus coronatus Tropical royal flycatcher Southern Mexico through Central America, western Colombia, western Ecuador, and the Amazon Basin in northern Bolivia, eastern Peru, eastern Ecuador, eastern Colombia, Venezuela, the Guianas, and northern and western Brazil
Onychorhynchus swainsoni Atlantic royal flycatcher Atlantic forest in southeastern Brazil

References

  1. ^ a b c Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (March 2025). "Cotingas, manakins, tityras, becards". IOC World Bird List. v 15.1. Retrieved March 3, 2025.
  2. ^ Jobling, James A. (2010). Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London, UK: Christopher Helm. p. 282. ISBN 978-1-4081-3326-2. OCLC 659731768.
  3. ^ a b c Ridgely, Robert and John A. Gwynne Jr. (1989). A Guide to the Birds of Panama with Costa Rica, Nicaragua, and Honduras. Princeton University Press. ISBN 0691025126.
  4. ^ Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (July 2023). "Cotingas, manakins, tityras, becards". IOC World Bird List. v 13.2. Retrieved July 10, 2023.
  5. ^ HBW and BirdLife International (2023). Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International digital checklist of the birds of the world. Version 8. Available at: http://datazone.birdlife.org/userfiles/file/Species/Taxonomy/HBW-BirdLife_Checklist_v8_Dec23.zip retrieved December 28, 2023
  6. ^ Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (January 2024). "Cotingas, manakins, tityras, becards". IOC World Bird List. v 14.1. Retrieved January 4, 2024.
  7. ^ a b Clements, J. F., P.C. Rasmussen, T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, T. A. Fredericks, J. A. Gerbracht, D. Lepage, A. Spencer, S. M. Billerman, B. L. Sullivan, M. Smith, and C. L. Wood. 2024. The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2024. Downloaded from https://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/ retrieved October 23, 2024
  8. ^ Chesser, R. T., S. M. Billerman, K. J. Burns, C. Cicero, J. L. Dunn, B. E. Hernández-Baños, R. A. Jiménez, O. Johnson, A. W. Kratter, N. A. Mason, P. C. Rasmussen, and J. V. Remsen, Jr. 2024. Check-list of North American Birds (online). American Ornithological Society. https://checklist.americanornithology.org/taxa/ retrieved August 22, 2024
  9. ^ Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, G. Del-Rio, A. Jaramillo, D. F. Lane, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. Version 30 January 2025. A classification of the bird species of South America. American Ornithological Society. https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm retrieved 31 January 2025
  10. ^ HBW and BirdLife International (2024). Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International digital checklist of the birds of the world. Version 9. Available at: https://datazone.birdlife.org/about-our-science/taxonomy retrieved December 23, 2024
  11. ^ Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela C., eds. (August 2024). "Cotingas, manakins, tityras, becards". IOC World Bird List. 14.2. Archived from the original on 23 August 2024. Retrieved August 19, 2024.
  12. ^ Clements, J. F., P.C. Rasmussen, T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, T. A. Fredericks, J. A. Gerbracht, D. Lepage, A. Spencer, S. M. Billerman, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2023. The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2023. Downloaded from https://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/ retrieved October 28, 2023
Allikas: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_flycatcher
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