RMS Mataroa (formerly named the Diogenes) was a 12,341-ton ocean liner built by Harland & Wolff in 1922. She was chartered to the Shaw, Savill & Albion Line with her sister ship SS Sophocles in 1926 and renamed Mataroa. She was scrapped in 1957.^[1]

In 1945, Mataroa made two famous journeys:

• In August 1945, the Mataroa was chartered to transport from Marseille to Haifa 173 Jewish children of the Œuvre de secours aux enfants (OSE), survivors of the Buchenwald concentration camp, who had family in Palestine. She later transported 1,200 survivors of Bergen-Belsen.^[2]
• In late December 1945, the Mataroa brought from Greece to Taranto in southern Italy a number of Greek artists and intellectuals aiming to reach Paris in order to escape the White Terror. The vast majority were scholars of France. This trip was organized by the then Director of the French Institute of Athens [fr], philhellene Octave Merlier, and his deputy Roger Milliex, husband of Tatiana Gritsi-Milliex. Some of the passengers became internationally recognised artists, scientists or intellectuals, including: architect George Candilis, artists Constantine Andreou and Costa Coulentianos [fr], philosophers Kostas Axelos, Cornelius Castoriadis and Kostas Papaïoannou [fr], linguist Emmanuel Kriaras, filmmaker Ado Kyrou, and physician Miltiadès Papamiltiadès.^[3]

• Nelly Andrikopoulou, 2007: Le Voyage du « Mataroa  », Athens: Hestia
• Mimika Cranaki: « Mataroa » à deux voix: Journal d'exil. Bénaki ISBN 978-960-8347-77-9
• L'Odyssée du Mataroa, soixante-cinq ans après... . Institut français d'Athènes, 20 December 2010
• "R.M.S. Mataroa 1922 -1957", New Zealand Maritime Record