Nyingchi (Wylie: nying khri grong khyer, THL: nying tri drong khyer, ZYPY: nyingchi chongkyêr), also known as Linzhi (Chinese: 林芝; pinyin: Linzhi) or Nyingtri, is a prefecture-level city in the southeast of the Tibet Autonomous Region in China. The administrative seat of Nyingchi is Bayi District.
Nyingchi is the location of Buchu Monastery.
History
The origins of Nyingchi date back to Tibet's prehistoric era.[2] Researchers discovered several human bones and burial groups from the Neolithic Age near the Niyang River in the 1970s, suggesting that humans in Nyingchi were engaged in slash-and-burn agriculture and led a relatively sedentary lifestyle as early as 4,000-5,000 years ago.[3] Unearthed artifacts, including net pendants and arrowheads, indicate that the inhabitants of this region, along the ancient Niyang River, Yarlung Zangbo River, and ancient lakes, were involved in both cultivation and fishing activities along the riverbanks.[4]
Initially, Linzhi was under the dominion of the King of Kongpo. In the Sakya and Patrul epochs (13th-16th centuries), Nyingchi emerged as the dominion of the Karma Kagyu sect of Tibetan Buddhism. Subsequently, in the 17th century, the Gandenpozhang regime was instituted, leading to the partitioning of Nyingchi into the territories of Ngapoi, Jangzhong, and Kala, which were further subdivided into Zelah, Jomu, Shekhar, and Jangdar dzongs. The Bomi region had long been governed by the indigenous leader Kallang Depa and was in a condition of secession. [5]
In 1931, the Tibetan government partitioned Nyingchi Bomi into two administrative divisions: Bodu and Bomê, while the Mêdog area was reclassified as Mêdog zong.[6]
Tibet was peacefully liberated in May 1951, and democratic changes were implemented in 1959. In January 1960, the Tagaung Special Department was established, and in February 1960, it was restructured as the Nyingchi Prefecture, with the Special Department located in Nyingchi County.[7] In March 2015, State Council of China sanctioned the dissolution of Linzhi Prefecture and the creation of Nyingchi City at the prefecture level, as well as the dissolution of Linzhi County and the establishment of Bayi District.[8][9] In July 2021, Xi Jinping, at the time General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party, President of China, and Chairman of the Central Military Commission, conducted a research visit to Nyingchi.[10]
Economy
Tourism
The average elevation of Nyingchi is 3,040 meters (9,974 feet), which is the lowest compared with the other prefectures in Tibet. The relatively low elevation compared to other regions of the Tibetan plateau yields a lower risk of altitude sickness. Guangdong province announced in 2012 that it plans to invest more than RMB 400 million (US$63 million) in Nyingchi's tourism industry. According to the plan, Guangdong will help build 22 "prosperous model villages" in Nyingchi in counties such as Bomê and Zayü.[11]
Transportation
The opening ceremony was held on the morning of September 9, 2015 for the La-Lin Highway (Lhasa to Mozhugongka section) and (Gongbu Jiangda to Linzhi section) connecting Lhasa-Linzhi.[12][13] It takes about 5 hours to travel from Lhasa to Nyingchi by a highway opened at the end of 2018.[14] Nyingchi is connected to Lhasa by the 435-kilometer Lhasa–Nyingchi railway, completed in 2021. The journey from Lhasa by train takes 2.5 hours.[15]
The Linzhi Milin Airport was opened in Nyingchi in March 2017. Linzhi Airport initiated RNP navigation procedures in 2006, becoming the first airport in China to operate exclusively with RNP.[16] It is presently the sole transportation airport globally where all aircraft takeoffs and landings are mandated to adhere to RNP AR procedures, necessitating compliance with specific aircraft and crew qualifications.[17] In 2018, the construction of the Engineered materials arrestor system (EMAS) was completed at the Miling Airport.[18][19][20]
Climate
Köppen-Geiger climate classification system classifies its climate as subtropical highland (Cwb).[21]
| Climate data for Nyingchi, elevation 2,992 m (9,816 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 19.4 (66.9) |
20.2 (68.4) |
24.0 (75.2) |
25.3 (77.5) |
28.0 (82.4) |
29.0 (84.2) |
31.4 (88.5) |
29.6 (85.3) |
30.2 (86.4) |
24.5 (76.1) |
19.9 (67.8) |
16.7 (62.1) |
31.4 (88.5) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 8.9 (48.0) |
10.9 (51.6) |
13.8 (56.8) |
17.0 (62.6) |
19.7 (67.5) |
21.7 (71.1) |
22.5 (72.5) |
22.4 (72.3) |
20.7 (69.3) |
17.5 (63.5) |
14.0 (57.2) |
10.3 (50.5) |
16.6 (61.9) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 1.1 (34.0) |
3.3 (37.9) |
6.3 (43.3) |
9.3 (48.7) |
12.4 (54.3) |
15.4 (59.7) |
16.5 (61.7) |
16.0 (60.8) |
14.3 (57.7) |
10.5 (50.9) |
5.8 (42.4) |
2.0 (35.6) |
9.4 (48.9) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −4.6 (23.7) |
−2.1 (28.2) |
1.2 (34.2) |
4.3 (39.7) |
7.5 (45.5) |
11.2 (52.2) |
12.5 (54.5) |
12.0 (53.6) |
10.4 (50.7) |
5.8 (42.4) |
−0.1 (31.8) |
−3.8 (25.2) |
4.5 (40.1) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −15.3 (4.5) |
−13.3 (8.1) |
−10.1 (13.8) |
−4.6 (23.7) |
−1.6 (29.1) |
3.0 (37.4) |
3.9 (39.0) |
2.9 (37.2) |
−1.0 (30.2) |
−5.0 (23.0) |
−10.4 (13.3) |
−15.3 (4.5) |
−15.3 (4.5) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 2.0 (0.08) |
4.1 (0.16) |
21.2 (0.83) |
47.9 (1.89) |
80.1 (3.15) |
125.2 (4.93) |
137.4 (5.41) |
128.2 (5.05) |
110.3 (4.34) |
37.3 (1.47) |
4.3 (0.17) |
0.7 (0.03) |
698.7 (27.51) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 3.1 | 5.2 | 11.3 | 16.9 | 19.9 | 23.7 | 23.1 | 21.1 | 20.7 | 12.8 | 3.3 | 1.5 | 162.6 |
| Average snowy days | 7.3 | 10.8 | 8.4 | 1.2 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 | 1.8 | 4.0 | 33.8 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 49 | 51 | 57 | 62 | 65 | 72 | 75 | 75 | 75 | 65 | 55 | 51 | 63 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 189.5 | 157.3 | 167.0 | 158.0 | 161.2 | 122.1 | 131.3 | 141.2 | 132.8 | 166.4 | 191.3 | 201.3 | 1,919.4 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 58 | 50 | 45 | 41 | 38 | 29 | 31 | 35 | 36 | 48 | 60 | 64 | 45 |
| Source: China Meteorological Administration[22][23] | |||||||||||||
Flora and fauna
According to local forestry officials, Nyingchi hosts the country's largest primitive forest region that covers 26.4 billion cubic metres, storing over 800 million cubic metres of wood.[24] The forests of Bomi, Zayu and Loyu have ancient dragon spruces which reach heights of over 80 metres and diameters of 2.5 metres. Wildlife species include "the Bengal tiger, leopard, bear, snub-nosed monkey, antelope and lesser panda."[24]
There are over 2,000 species of higher plants, including some 100 species of xylophyta, 165 species of medical herbs and fungus. Crops include "rice, peanut, apple, orange, banana, lemon. Agricultural products include medicinal materials, edible fungus, orange, tangerine, sugar cane, honey peach, apple, pear, grape, walnut and other fruits.[24]
Administrative subdivisions
The two counties of Zayü (察隅县) and Mêdog (墨脱县), collectively known as part of South Tibet, are considered by the Chinese government to be under Chinese jurisdiction.
| Map | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| # | Name | Hanzi | Hanyu Pinyin | Tibetan | Wylie | Population (2010 Census) | Area (km²) | Density (/km²) |
| 1 | Bayi District | 巴宜区 | Bāyí Qū | བྲག་ཡིབ་ཆུས། | brag yib chus | 54,702 | 8,536 | 6.40 |
| 2 | Gongbo'gyamda County | 工布江达县 | Gōngbùjiāngdá Xiàn | ཀོང་པོ་རྒྱ་མདའ་རྫོང་། | kong po rgya mda' rdzong | 29,929 | 12,960 | 2.30 |
| 3 | Mainling City | 米林市 | Mǐlín Shì | སྨན་གླིང་གྲོང་ཁྱེར། | sman gling grong khyer | 22,834 | 9,507 | 2.40 |
| 4 | Mêdog County | 墨脱县 | Mòtuō Xiàn | མེ་ཏོག་རྫོང་། | me tog rdzong | 10,963 | 31,394 | 0.34 |
| 5 | Bomê County | 波密县 | Bōmì Xiàn | སྤོ་མེས་རྫོང་། | spo mes rdzong | 33,480 | 16,770 | 1.99 |
| 6 | Zayü County | 察隅县 | Cháyú Xiàn | རྫ་ཡུལ་རྫོང་། | rdza yul rdzong | 27,255 | 31,305 | 0.87 |
| 7 | Nang County | 朗县 | Lǎng Xiàn | སྣང་རྫོང་། | snang rdzong | 15,946 | 4,114 | 3.87 |
Sister cities
Pokhara, Nepal
See also
References
- ^ "山南市2019年国民经济和社会发展统计公报" (in Chinese). 12 March 2021. Retrieved 12 March 2021.
- ^ 大西藏之旅. 雲龍叢刊 (in Chinese). 昭明出版社. 2000. p. 188. ISBN 978-986-7938-21-3. Retrieved 2025-02-16.
- ^ 中国大香格里拉经济圈研究 (in Chinese). 西南财经大学出版社. 2006. p. 20. ISBN 978-7-81088-531-7. Retrieved 2025-02-16.
- ^ 从无偿援助到平等互惠：西藏与内地的地方合作与长治久安研究 (in Chinese). 社会科学文献出版社. 2014. p. 129. ISBN 978-7-5097-5777-2. Retrieved 2025-02-16.
- ^ 雪域高原的璀璨明珠: 林芝 (in Chinese). 西藏人民出版社. 2002. p. 39. ISBN 978-7-223-01478-6. Retrieved 2025-02-16.
- ^ 雪域高原的璀璨明珠: 林芝 (in Chinese). 西藏人民出版社. 2002. p. 40. ISBN 978-7-223-01478-6. Retrieved 2025-02-16.
- ^ 史为乐 (1982). 中华人民共和国政区沿革(1949-1979) (in Chinese). p. 291. Retrieved 2025-02-16.
- ^ "国务院批复西藏设立第四个地级市_滚动_新闻_中国政府网". 中国政府网_中央人民政府门户网站 (in Chinese). 2015-04-03. Retrieved 2025-02-16.
- ^ "国务院批复同意西藏林芝撤地设市_中国经济网——国家经济门户". district.ce.cn. Retrieved 2025-02-16.
- ^ "习近平在西藏林芝考察调研-新华网". 新华网_让新闻离你更近 (in Chinese). 2021-07-23. Retrieved 2025-02-16.
- ^ "China plans 'Swiss makeover' for tourism in southeast Tibet". CNN Travel. 2012-06-29. Archived from the original on 2020-12-19. Retrieved 2013-10-20.
- ^ "米拉山隧道建成通车". 西藏自治区交通运输厅. 2019-04-26. Archived from the original on 2020-03-14. Retrieved 2020-02-26.
- ^ "拉林高等级公路建成段即将通车 高德地图道路数据已上线". 西藏在线. 2015-09-15. Archived from the original on 2017-01-14. Retrieved 2016-04-12.
- ^ An "Attractive" Highway from Lhasa to Nyingchi Will Be Open Archived 2019-06-30 at the Wayback Machine, China Tibet Train Tours, October 23, 2018
- ^ "Tibet's first bullet train line enters service". CNN. 30 June 2021.
- ^ "国航空客A319飞机RNP精密导航成功试飞林芝机场". 中国航空集团公司. 国务院国资委. 2009-09-04. Archived from the original on 2024-05-20. Retrieved 2024-05-20.
- ^ "RNP AR：飞机上的导航地图". 中国民航网. 2018-10-31.
- ^ "当雅鲁藏布江河谷的灯光亮起——记西藏林芝米林机场助航灯光校验飞行". 中国民航网. 2021-07-02. Archived from the original on 2024-05-20. Retrieved 2024-05-20.
- ^ "探访西藏第二大机场——林芝机场". 中国新闻网. 2019-09-22. Archived from the original on 2024-05-20. Retrieved 2024-05-20.
- ^ "国航高原机场运行及RNP运用" (PDF). 中国民航总局. 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2024-05-20. Retrieved 2024-05-20.
- ^ "Temperature, Climate graph, Climate table for Nyingchi". Climate-Data.org. Archived from the original on 2017-06-10. Retrieved 2017-03-20.
- ^ 中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 27 September 2023.
- ^ "Experience Template" 中国气象数据网 (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 27 September 2023.
- ^ a b c "Tibet travel guide of Nyingchi Region, Bayi Town". Archived from the original on 2014-08-08. Retrieved 2013-10-20.
External links
- Tibetinfor.com
- Nyingchi information and travel guides at Nyingchi.com
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