Nigeria competed at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, West Germany.

• Isaac Ikhouria — Boxing, Men's Light Heavyweight

Men's 100 metres

• Benedict Majekodumni

• First Heat — 10.70s (→ did not advance)

Men's 800 metres

• Jaiye Abidoye

• Heat — 1:52.0 (→ did not advance)

Men's 1500 metres

• Jaiye Abidoye

• Heat — 3:48.8 (→ did not advance)

Men's 4 × 100 m Relay

• Kola Abdulai, Rux Bazunu, James Olakunle, and Timon Oyebami

• Heat — 39.66s
• Semifinals — 39.73s (→ did not advance)

Women's 4 × 100 m Relay

• Emilie Edet, Ashanti Obi, Helen Olaye, and Modupe Oshikoya

• Heat — 45.15s (→ did not advance, 12th place)

Women's Long Jump

• Modupe Oshikoya

• Qualifying Round — 6.22m (→ did not advance, 19th place)

Women's Pentathlon

• Modupe Oshikoya

• First Heat — 4.279 points (→ 14th place)

Men's Heavyweight (+ 81 kg)

• Fatai Ayinla

• First Round — Lost to Carroll Morgan (CAN), 2:3

• Official Olympic Reports
• International Olympic Committee results database